拓展垂钓新市场路在何方

开春又到了把竿垂钓的黄金季节,诸多垂钓经营者开始积极筹备今年的垂钓计划,准备在眼下方兴未艾的"垂钓热"中再打一个漂亮仗.的确,随着人们生活水平的不断提高,垂钓业因其休闲娱乐性,在全国各地掀起一阵阵的"垂钓热",它不仅成为人们休闲度假的重要方式,也成为渔民致富的一种重要途径.但是,随着垂钓业在各地不断膨胀、扩展,导致竞争加剧,诸多经营者不惜采取降低垂钓价格乃至低价购入劣质鱼以供垂钓的投机方法,在激烈的市场竞争中死守硬拼,苟延残喘.殊不知,这样不但使自身的利润空间越来越小,而且使垂钓品种的品质不断下降,更重要的是使垂钓者的兴趣不断萎缩,最终,自身的市场失守,垂钓市场的优势也随之荡然无存.所以,在当前的垂钓经营筹备中,应看清垂钓市场发展的新趋势,迅速转型,因时制宜,走特色路,打优势牌,实现垂钓业提档升级,提质增效,提速发展.笔者结合当前实际,谈几点看法.     

水产品名牌战略的创造与实施

名牌战略是企业利用知名品牌来推进产品销售的一种促销手段,也是企业追求长期利益,占领目标市场的有效手段.推进水产品名牌战略的实施,发展中国水产名牌,提高我国水产品在国际国内市场的竞争能力,是推动我国水产企业发展的重要措施之一.在新的环境下,企业必须深刻理解水产名牌的意义及其作用,正确制定和实施企业的名牌觇略,争取在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地.我国加入WTO后,面对国内外竞争日趋激烈的水产品市场,许多水产企业感到困惑,步履维艰.然而,在同样的环境条件下,一些企业却在竞争中掌握主动,产品市场份额稳中有升.究其原因,大多得益于品牌的经营.水产企业的竞争是质量、服务、科技实力的竞争,也是品牌的竞争.     

广东省渔业互保协会的“前世今生“

"聚众人之力,解一人之难"-- 互保的由来与历史沿革 改革开放以来,我省海洋渔业生产有了长足的发展,在大农业中占有相当大的比重.然而,渔业属于高投入、高风险的产业,自然灾害、船舶意外发生碰撞,触礁、搁浅等事故是所有渔船船东共同面临的危险,这种危险所造成的人员伤亡和经济损失往往是个别船东无法承受的.因此,渔船船东对安全保障的需求越来越大,越来越迫切,政府也急需建立起符合渔业行业特点的社会保障体制.普通商业保险因为投资与利润的考量,很少涉足风险性高的渔业.这样,渔船船东互助保险应运而生.它由政府部门牵头,将渔船船东组织起来,把个别船东无法承受的经济损失,转化为许许多多能承受的小额支出(互保费),由大家共同承受,做到聚众人之力,解一人之难;一人为大家,大家保一人.     

蛋鸡腹泻的防治与原因解析

<正>近些年,随着疫病的不断出现,使养鸡的效益日益下降,成为制约蛋鸡效益的重要因素,尤其是蛋鸡腹泻的大面积发生,对产蛋率以及蛋壳品质都造成重大影响,现将在日常中的蛋鸡腹泻的原因分析如下,提供给养殖户进行参考:1蛋鸡本身的原因1.1初产蛋鸡,由于产蛋鸡群生产性能发生转移,由生长到生产,要求肠道必须通过更密集的消化作用来满足机体对各种营养物质的需求,饲料品质的突然变化尤其是高能高蛋白的饲料的使用,导致肠道环境     

潮州市渔业生态环境监测及评价

为了更好地维护潮州市渔业生态环境,提高渔业生产质量水平,保障水产品消费安全,2006年以来,我们在全市渔业生产基地,有代表性的设立监测站点,定期取样,开展渔业生态环境监测,并根据监测结果,对潮州市的渔业生态环境质量进行评价,分析了渔业生态环境污染的原因,提出了改善和保护渔业生态环境的措施.     

雨季养虾的对策

华南沿海每年6-9月是雨季,也是低压、高温、台风季节,因此降雨量大,常形成暴雨,甚至有的年份是几十年一遇的暴雨,如2005年6月珠江三角洲、广西等地南美白对虾主要养殖区,遭遇近年少见的大暴雨,西江甚至出现90年不遇的洪峰,珠三角大部分地区出现洪涝灾害,这对养虾业也是一场严重的灾难.往往暴雨或大雨之后,水域环境发生巨大变化,使虾急速发病,大量死亡,也是屡见不鲜,因此,特在这里介绍雨季如何养好对虾的对策,减少生产损失,供生产防备.     

阮书利:赶上农机补贴这班车

浙江人做生意遍布大江南北,在600万的全国征战大军中,就有不少的浙江人瞄准了水产行业里面的各种商机。在水产行业的各个环节中,他们的身影并不鲜见,来自浙江台州的阮书利就是其中一个,从1998年开始,他就在阳江经销起各种增氧机、农机,不经意间,他在阳江已经度过了13个年头。初见阮经理时,他正在忙碌着装修自己店面,看,这就是我的房子,我已经把家安在阳江了,指着身后的新家,阮经理觉得自己已经是个阳江人了。     

饲料企业营销五大困局

"禽流感"和原料涨价令我们的许多饲料企业忧心忡忡,众饲料厂家不得不全神贯注,使出浑身解数,加快产品更新速度,寻求营销上的突破,为了日渐稀薄的市场份额,你争我夺.曾几何时,饲料产业孕育了希望、正大等大批知名企业,培养出了众多风云人物,为一些先知先觉者提供了实现人生价值的舞台.转眼间,整个行业的竞争日趋惨烈、成熟,饲料同行们不得不面临众多难题,需破解诸多营销困局.     

大海捕鱼:一网鱼虾一网金

大海不缺水,缺少的是人类的信心.从历史发展的眼光看,谁征服了海洋,谁就拥有一切.浩瀚的海洋上,气象变化万千,时而万里无云,风平浪静,碧波粼粼,富有诗情画意,令人陶醉.时而狂风暴雨,白浪滔天,汹涌澎湃,一泻千里.然后,在这高深莫测的海洋深处,却有数不清的鱼类,它们是千姿百态海洋生物中的一族.     

池塘与小型山塘水库中套养南方大口鲶技术剖析

金溪县是一个拥有水产养殖面积3.5万亩的山区小县,有着主养草鱼的传统习俗。随着草鱼免疫技术的日趋成熟,制约草鱼集约化养殖的疫病防控能力大幅提高。近年来,单位面积产量越来越高。在现有条件下,养殖单产继续提高的空间越来越小。因此,就我县目前的养殖状况,如何进一步提高养殖效益,形成具有地方特色的水产养殖业,寻找一条增产增效的新途径已成为当务之急。针对主养草鱼池中在适量配养鲢、鳙鱼的同时,还适量放养彭泽鲫的习惯,且彭泽鲫及其它野杂鱼有当年繁殖后代的特点,为了充分利用这些饵料鱼资源,同时避免浪费配合饲料,以提高经济效益,…     

氟苯尼考用于水产养殖的安全性

氟苯尼考(florfenicol)，又称氟甲砜霉素，是一种新型广谱高效抗菌药物，自20世纪90年代初开始应用于水产养殖。1990年氟苯尼考首次在日本上市用于治疗黄尾蛳(Seriola lalandei)、真鲷(Pagrosomus major)、银大马哈鱼(Oncorhynchus kisutch)、日本竹笑鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)、香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)、罗非鱼和鳗鱼等的假结核性巴氏杆菌病(pasteurellosis)和链球菌病(streptococcosis)，随后，韩国、挪威、智利、加拿大、英国等分别上市用于治疗专门疾病。中国1999年批准氟苯考尼为国家二类新兽药，在水产养殖上可用于治疗鳗鲡爱德华氏病和赤鳍病。本研究从氟苯尼考抗菌活性与药效学、药代动力学、毒理学、以及药物残留、耐药性等方面探讨其用于水产养殖病害防治的安全性，旨为该药在中国水产养殖中的科学合理应用提供理论参考。     

Scale calcification in the goldfish in vitro: histological and quantitative analysis

The external layer of a teleost fish scale is composed of type I collagen, an amorphous matrix substance and hydroxyapatite crystals. Calcification of this layer can be inhibited in the scale-regenerating process under calcium- and phosphate-deficient (CaDPD) conditions, and can be facilitated by incubation in physiological saline. The aim of this study was to evaluate this model of calcification using histological and quantitative analysis in order to promote further understanding of the mechanism of calcification in fish scales. We found that the external layer of the scales produced under CaDPD conditions contained more densely aligned collagen fibrils with a small amount of the amorphous matrix substance. The CaDPD scale contained only one-third of the amount of calcium and phosphate present in the control fish. After 4 hours of incubation, a two- to threefold increase in calcium content and a 1.5-fold increase in phosphate content were observed. Calcification proceeded in the external layer, and mineral deposits grew only in the electron-dense matrix substance. We conclude that this model would be suitable for studying the early process of fish scale calcification that occurs in the noncollagenous substance. The electron-dense substance may contain key molecules that promote calcification.     

lncRNA在水产动物中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)是一类全长超过200个核苷酸的RNA,其转录本缺少开放阅读框和保守密码子,无编码能力。lncRNA能够与RNA、DNA或蛋白质相互作用来介导靶基因的调控,可以在转录水平、转录后水平和表观遗传水平发挥作用。大量研究表明,lncRNA在生殖、胚胎发育、性别分化、免疫和代谢等方面起着关键作用。近年来,关于lncRNA在水产动物上的研究已取得一定成果,但是国内外尚缺乏对其进行全面总结的报道。鉴于此,本文主要对lncRNA的定义及分类、生物学特性、作用机制及在水产动物中的研究进展等方面进行综述,并对其在水产动物中的研究前景进行了展望,以期为以后深入开展lncRNA在水产动物上的功能研究提供参考。     

Parental care in response to natural variation in nest predation pressure in six sunfish (Centrarchidae: Teleostei) species

Abstract – Parental care is an important, energetically costly component of the life history of many fishes. Despite this importance, little is known about how different species of fish vary parental care in response to natural nest predator burdens. In this study, underwater videography was used to quantify parental care activity of six species of syntopic nesting male centrarchid fishes in Lake Opinicon, Ontario, in response to natural predators. This approach was used to test the hypothesis that as offspring develop from eggs to wrigglers, parental care activity should decrease or remain static for fish guarding nests with low predator burden and increase for those with high predator burden, reflecting different external risks. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to derive common aeration and nest defence variables. Aeration and predator defence activity of the fish varied extensively among species. Parental care behaviours indicative of defence and vigilance (e.g., turning, departures, time away from nest, displays) tended to be highest for species that had the most predation attempts, although this was not entirely consistent. There was also a positive relationship between the defence PCA metric and attempted predation. Defence did not vary with stage of offspring development, although interactions between defence and developmental stage were noted for several species. A trade‐off between aeration and defence was not observed. In fact, species that provide high levels of aeration also simultaneously provide high levels of defence. Stage‐specific patterns of defence in this study were less apparent than those documented by studies using responses to staged predator intrusions making it unclear as to the extent that fish were responding to the level of the risk to offspring than to the value of the brood. Therefore, combined use of observational and experimental assessments of parental care investment may be most appropriate for refining current theoretical paradigms.     

Nutrient load estimation in the waste of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) reared in cages in tropical climate conditions

We sought to estimate the nutrient load in the waste released into aquatic environments based on the feeding of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L.) reared in cages that were installed in artificial reservoirs. For the calculation, an analysis of the chemical composition of commercial feeds intended for this species in their various stages of production was conducted (N = 130). We combined this information with a meta‐analysis of published data from commercial producers in Brazil about expected feed intake, feed conversion and other animal production indices, and body composition. With these data, it was possible to estimate the load. We estimated that 18% of the feed given to the animals is not consumed and is lost in the aquatic environment. The calculated average digestibility was 71.97% for the organic matter in the diet, 84.06% for protein and 54.40% for phosphorus. The estimated nutrient deposition efficiency, with respect to what was actually consumed by the tilapia, was 26.39% for organic matter, 43.25% for protein and 34.07% for phosphorus. The total nutrient load in the waste per tonne of biomass of produced tilapias was estimated to be 1040.63 kg of organic matter, 44.95 kg of nitrogen and 14.26 kg of phosphorus, representing 78%, 65% and 72% of the respective nutrient amounts supplied by the feed. The information obtained in this study serves as a reference for predicting the potential impact of tilapia farming in reservoirs and to establish scientific parameters for the planning of this activity.     

Economic analysis of finfish mariculture operations in Spain

Abstract

This paper analyses the factors determining economic success in finfish mariculture in Spain. With this objective in mind, it models the critical economic variables of this industry; in particular, those related to sales and the learning curve. The proposed theoretical model is applied empirically to companies located in Spain, in order to quantify the effects and to determine the differences that could explain the keys to a company's success or failure.     

Epitheliocystis in fish

Epitheliocystis is a condition affecting the gills and skin of fish, which has been reported from more than 50 freshwater and marine species. It is caused by intracellular Gram-negative bacteria. Mortalities have been associated with epitheliocystis infections in cultured fish. This review provides an update of our current understanding of this condition, including characterization of the pathogen using immunohistochemical and molecular studies. In most fish species the epitheliocystis agent was negative to an antibody specific for chlamydial genus-specific lipopolysaccharide antigen. Recently, four epitheliocystis agents from four different fish species have been characterized using molecular analysis. While they all belong to the order Chlamydiales, in a lineage separate from the Chlamydiaceae, they are distinct organisms and similarity analysis showed that they had highest similarity values with other chlamydia-like bacteria isolated from various sources, including humans or pig. This confirms the high diversity and host specificity of the pathogen. Further molecular analysis should result in an increased understanding of this condition. To date the pathogen has not been cultured, making experimental studies difficult. High stocking densities, presence of nutrients, season, temperature and fish age have been identified as potential risk factors for the manifestation of this condition.     

原位杂交技术在水产动物育种与疾病诊断中的应用

原位杂交技术作为分子杂交的基本原理和免疫组织化学两者相结合的一项技术，有很高的应用价值，其中地高辛标记物凭借其系统安全、方便、省时，敏感性和质量控制优于生物素标记和放射性物质标记技术，被广大研究者认可。本文重点介绍了地高辛原位杂交的原理，概括了其在水产动物育种与疾病诊断中的应用现状。     

Intergeneric Hybridization in Sparidae

Early development of white sea bream, Diplodus sargus, ♀ X common dentex, Dentex dentex, ♂ hybrids was compared to those of the parental species. Percent fertilization and percent hatching in the hybrid was not significantly different from those of parental species. Mean hatching time of the hybrid was intermediate between those of the parental species and was significantly different from both parental species. Growth of white sea bream and hybrid fry form days 6 to 30 was not significantly different. All common dentex fry died during this period. Results from this study suggest that this hybrid may be a suitable candidate for fish farming.