光合细菌作为对虾育期饲料添加剂取得明显效果

中国科学院海洋研究所李光友等科技人员研究试用光合细菌(Photo synthetic bacteria)作为中国对虾育苗期饲料添加剂试验,取得明显效果。在对虾幼体饵料中添加培养7d的光合细菌,其对虾幼体的成活率明显高于添     

对虾消化酶的研究概述

酶制剂作为饲料添加剂，在畜牧业上，国内外很早就对酶制剂的作用机制进行了深入研究。水产饲用酶制剂的研究起步较晚，国内相关研究主要集中在淡水鱼类的饲用酶制剂应用方面。但外源酶制剂对对虾消化酶活性的影响鲜见报道，且主要集中在温度、酸碱度对对虾消化酶活性及不同生长阶段消化酶活性的变化等。     

“对虾饲料添加剂”获国家发明专利授权

日前，南海水产研究所李卓佳研究员等人完成的“对虾饲料添加剂”获国家发明专利授权（专利号ZL200610122305．5），在对虾益生免疫功能添加剂研究和开发方面取得重要突破。     

广东省渔业科技入户专家特约稿——对虾健康养殖和病害防治技术要点——（一）健康养殖技术

70年代以来，人工育苗和配合饲料的成功，促进了世界范围内对虾养殖业的发展。在对虾人工繁殖、养殖、营养和饲料已得到解决的情况下，病害问题就成为对虾养殖业发展的瓶颈。近年来危害斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）和凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）养殖最严重的疾病是白斑综合症（White spot syndrome，WSS）。     

中国小产科学研究院南海所“对虾饲料添加剂”获国家发明专利授权

日前，中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所李卓佳研究员等人完成的“对虾饲料添加剂”获国家发明专利授权（专利号：ZL200610122305．5），在对虾益生免疫功能添加剂研究和开发方面取得重要成果。     

中国对虾蚤状及糠虾幼体的蛋白质需求量↑（*）

蛋白质是对虾幼体最重要的营养素之一。关于对虾养成期蛋白质及其它营养素需求量的研究较多,但对其幼体蛋白质需求量的研究尚未见详细报道。蛋白质除了作为有机体增长的“构件”和组织修复的原材料外,还是对虾幼体重要的能量来源。育苗生产中,以轮虫为对虾幼体饵料,育苗效果最好。据此可以推测,蛋白质含量较高的饵料较适宜于对虾幼体的存活与生长。本研究利用不同剂型和不同蛋白质含量的饲料饲喂中国对虾的蚤状幼体和糠虾幼体,探讨其对蛋白质的需求量,旨在为对虾苗种生产和幼体饲料的研制提供科学依据。收稿日期：１９９９－０１－１…     

中国对虾927人工配合饲料的研究

中国对虾是我国重要的水产资源，随着对虾人工育苗的成功，养虾业蓬勃发展，沿海低值贝类大量被采捕利用乃供不应求，这就更迫切要求尽快解决人工配合饲料的问题。     

用理想蛋白设计对虾饲料配方

在对虾的商业养殖中，营养起着重要作用。优良的饲料和添加剂促进虾的生长，从而缩短了能被病害侵袭的时间，合理的饲喂也可以提高对虾的免疫力，减少与营养有关的死亡。用理想蛋白模型来设计对虾饲料配方就是提供科学而又经济的对虾饲料的途径之一。“理想蛋白”的概念最早是1978年在生长猪上提出的。理论上，理想蛋白与动物达到最大蛋白沉积生长所需的日粮氨基酸模式是一致的，但实际上氨基酸不是孤立作用的，只有在脂类、碳水化合物、矿物质和维生素等其它营养组分平衡时才能达到最佳生长。表1就是国外研究者提出的几种养殖动物的理…     

高锰酸钾在对虾育苗中的应用

高锰酸钾作为一种强氧化剂,既具有增氧的作用,同时还具有杀菌消毒的作用。在对虾养成及亲虾越冬方面已被广泛使用。而在对虾育苗中的应用报道并不多见。几年来,我们进行了一些高锰酸钾在对虾人工育苗中的     

漳浦县水产开发中心建设对虾系列工程 增强社会化服务能力

漳浦县水产开发中心今年来建设对虾系列工程，使生产、科研、育苗、饲料、加工和销售成龙配套，形成对虾新产业。今年全县对虾总产量可比去年增长两倍，仅这一项沿海农民就将增加收入2千5百万元。     

鳜胃蛋白酶基因外显子7上SNP检测及其与食性驯化相关分析

本研究旨在探寻胃蛋白酶(pepsinogen,PEP)基因的等位基因及其基因型在不同食性驯化表型鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)群体中的分布情况.通过2周食性驯化,挑选出最易驯化和最不易驯化的2组,提取各组鳜鳍条组织DNA,采用PCR产物直接测序法(direct sequencing,DS)、限制性片段长度多态...     

对虾发光病病原菌的致病性及病理学观察

本文报道了对虾发光病病原菌的致病性、发病症状和病理变化。结果表明:哈维氏弧菌对虾类有极强的致病性,并引起组织和器官不同程度的病变。病理变化表现为:肌纤维颗粒变性,纵裂,坏死:肝胰腺空泡变性,坏死;淋巴器官坏死等。注射感染的发病虾,肝胰腺出现血细胞浸润,说明对虾对细菌感染有一定的防御能力。     

腐植酸钠添加剂在青虾饲料应用中的促生长效果试验

研究了在青虾饲料中添加不同含量的腐植酸钠对青虾生长速度的影响,不同饲料添加剂与腐植酸钠对青虾的促生长效果对比。结果显示：腐植酸钠作为青虾饲料添加剂在饲料中按3‰的量添加效果最佳;不同饲料添加剂中促生长效果以腐植酸钠为最优,其次是甜菜碱、L-肉毒碱、喹乙醇。     

饲料添加剂在水产动物生长、营养及免疫中的应用进展

饲料添加剂是在基础饲料的生产加工或使用过程中添加微量物质,具有强化基础饲料营养价值,节省饲料成本,提高动物生产性能,改善肌肉品质等作用。目前国内外对饲料添加剂的研究众多,为突出饲料添加剂对水产动物在不同方面的影响,本文综述了饲料添加剂对水产动物生长性能、营养成分及免疫中的应用进展。     

Short‐chain fatty acids as feed supplements for sustainable aquaculture: an updated view

Restriction or ban on antibiotic administration in aquaculture encourages the development of environment‐friendly feed additives as immunostimulants. Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their salts are ‘Generally Regarded as Safe’ and are often used as antimicrobials in the livestock feed industry. Formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate and their salts are among the most studied SCFAs in aquaculture. These SCFAs affect the host performance as well as physiological response upon three ways: either through effects of the feeds that are being administered, through effects on the gastrointestinal tract of the animal or through direct effects on metabolism. To date, most of the available data are focused on the effects of SCFAs on growth performance and feed utilization. Despite extensive research studies on the effects of the different type of SCFAs and their salts on growth performance and feed utilization, the effects of these feed additives on the health of aquatic organisms have only been receiving attention recently. The results of the studies demonstrated beneficial effects of SCFAs as promising feed additives in aquaculture. The present review article summarizes and discusses the topic of dietary administration of SCFAs and their salts in aquaculture with a closer look at the recent findings regarding the effects of SCFAs on growth performance and health status of fish and shellfish. Furthermore, this review identifies the gaps of existing knowledge regarding the roles of SCFAs in the growth and health status of aquatic animals and suggests research areas that merit further investigations.     

Effect of various sources of dietary additive on growth,body composition and serum chemistry of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Asia traditional herbal feed additives have often been shown to have beneficial effects on disease resistance, growth, feed conversion and protein conversion. There have been few studies on the use of these feed additives in olive flounder diets. The present study was designed to determine if there are benefits associated with the inclusion of any of these traditional herbal feed additives in olive flounder diets. One thousand two hundred sixty juvenile fish averaging 6.5 g were randomly distributed into 36, 180‐L flow‐through tanks. No additive was included into the control (Con) diet. The aqueous type of additives: 2.5% bamboo (BB), 0.25% Prunus mume (PM), 2.5% Artemisia capillaris (AC), 2.5% cinnamon (CC), 2.5% Cirtus junos (CJ), 0.25% Cudrania tricuspidata (CT) and 2.5% Ficus carica (FC), and the powder type of additives: 1% Houttuynia cordata (HC), 1% safflower (SF) and 1% sea tangle (ST) were included into the experimental diets. Finally, 0.1% emulsifying oil (EO) was included into the experimental diet. Feed efficiency ratio (FER) of fish fed the BB, CT and SF diets was higher than that of fish fed the FC and HC diets. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed the BB and SF diets was higher than that of fish fed the AC, FC and HC diets. None of serum criteria of fish was affected by any of dietary additives. Dietary additives did not affect weight gain and serum chemistry of olive flounder, but 2.5% bamboo extract and 1% safflower powder was effective to improve FER and PER.     

Influence of several non‐nutrient additives on nonspecific immunity and growth of juvenile turbot,Scophthalmus maximus L.

The effects of three non‐nutrient additives on nonspecific immunity and growth of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) were studied in this feeding experiment. The five treatments are basal diet alone, basal diets containing three different additives [0.4 g kg^?1 of xylo‐oligosaccharides (XOS), 1.3 g kg ^?1 of yeast cell wall and 0.8 g kg ^?1 of bile acids] individually or in combination. Two hundred and twenty‐five turbots (average initial weight 151.3 ± 11.3 g) were randomly allotted in five treatments with three replicates within each treatment in a 72‐day period. Comparing with basal diet group, activities of C3, C4, phagocyte, lysozyme, specific growth rate and feed conversion rate in yeast cell wall, XOS and the combined groups was enhanced significantly (P < 0.05); however, these parameters in bile acid groups were increased slightly (P > 0.05) except for phagocyte (P < 0.05); superoxide dismutase activity in additive groups was not significantly increased (P > 0.05) except for the combined group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of yeast cell wall and XOS enhanced the nonspecific immunity of juvenile turbot. Synergistic or additive effect of the three additives was not observed.     

三种免疫添加剂对草鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响

在饲料中添加不同剂量的Vc、酵母多糖和壳聚糖,连续投喂42d,并在试验的第14、28、35和42天取样检测,研究其对草鱼血清溶菌酶活性、血清超氧化物歧化酶活性（SOD）活性、血清碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性、补体C3、含量丙二醛（MDA）含量和血液白细胞吞噬活性共6种指标的影响。结果显示：实验组与对照组相比,饲料中添加Vc可以提高血清溶菌酶活性、SOD活性、AKP活性、补体C3含量和血液白细胞吞噬活性高,并降低MDA含量。添加酵母多糖可以提高血清溶菌酶活性、AKP活性、补体C3含量和血液白细胞吞噬活性,并降低MDA含量,但不能提高SOD活性。添加壳聚糖可以提高血清溶菌酶活性、SOD活性、AKP活性、补体C3含量和血液白细胞吞噬活性,但不能降低MDA含量。饲料中添加Vc、酵母多糖和壳聚糖均对草鱼的非特异性免疫功能具有一定的促进作用。     

Probiotic characteristics and aflatoxin B1 binding ability of Debaryomyces hansenii and Kazaschtania exigua from rainbow trout environment

The aim of this study was to evaluate probiotic properties and the aflatoxin B₁ adsorption ability of yeasts isolated from rainbow trout intestine and fish feed to assess their use in the formulation of feed additives. Growth at pH 2, bacterial pathogens inhibition, bacterial pathogens co‐aggregation, autoaggregation, homologous and heterologous inhibition against lactic acid bacteria were evaluated. Moreover, aflatoxin B₁ adsorption was tested. All strains were able to maintain viable (10⁷ cells/ml) at pH 2. All strains isolated from intestine were identified as Kazaschtania exigua, while strains isolated from feed were all identified as Debaryomyces hansenii. Kazaschtania exigua RC035 and RC037 showed the strongest antimicrobial activity while K. exigua RC037 and RC038 were the most efficient co‐aggregating bacterial pathogens. All strains exhibited strong autoaggregation. None of the tested yeast strains showed homologous inhibition towards other yeasts and heterologous inhibition towards lactic acid bacteria strains. Debaryomyces hansenii RC031 demonstrated aflatoxin B₁ adsorption capacity (21%). The results of the present study indicate that select strains of Kazaschtania exigua and D. hansenii showed potential to improve the health of rainbow trout by inhibiting pathogens and binding AFB₁ and their use as probiotics may improve the production of rainbow trout in aquaculture systems.     

虫草饲料添加剂在畜禽生产上的开发与应用

文章就虫草组分、药理学作用以及虫草在畜禽生产中的应用等研究动态作简要综述,并展望了虫草饲料添加剂在畜禽生产上的应用前景,为畜禽饲料添加剂的开发提供参考。