水产动物中药添加剂的作用机理及应用概况

水产动物中药添加剂是利用中药为原料制成的一种饲料添加剂,兼有营养与药用功能,具有预防水产动物疾病、促进摄食生长、提高生产性能、改善水产品质量等功能。概述了水产动物中药添加剂的种类、作用机理及其应用概况。     

生物技术在水产动物营养与饲料研究中的应用

简要介绍了基因工程、酶工程、微生物工程等生物技术在水产动物营养研究及饲料业中的应用.用生物技术生产的饲料添加剂,对提高养殖动物的生产性能和健康水平有重要作用;用生物技术可开发饲料源,提高饲料的营养价值及利用率,促进养殖业健康持续发展.     

中草药饲料添加剂的应用特点与效果

<正> 随着当代养殖业的发展,饲料添加剂几乎用于各种畜禽、水产动物的全部生产过程。这些添加剂的使用对提高动物的营养效率和生产性能起着极大的作用。但目前这些添加剂大多由抗生素、化学合成药物和激素类物质组成,长期使用易使动物产生抗药性,使抗生素的抗病促生长效果明显降低,     

中草药饲料添加剂在水产养殖中的应用

随着我国水产养殖业的迅猛发展，特别是集约化养殖程度的提高，鱼、虾等水产动物的病害问题已成为制约水产养殖的重要因素之一。化学药品、农药等对防治病害虽然有一定的成效，但同时也带来了病原体的抗药性与日俱增、治疗效果下降、成本提高，甚至还产生致畸、致突变等一系列副作用。而中草药作为饲料添加剂中的绿色产品，具有天然、高效、毒副作用少、抗药性不显著、资源丰富以及性能多样等优点，在提高水产动物生产性能和饲料利用率的同时，兼有药性和营养性双重作用，是化学合成饲料添加剂不可比拟的。因此，以中草药替代抗生素的添加剂…     

饲用酶制剂在水产动物营养中的研究应用

饲用酶制剂能够促进饲料中营养成分的分解和吸收,提高动物生产性能,提高饲料转化率,降低粪便污染和动物死亡率,已被公认为是一种无残留、无污染、无公害的绿色环保型添加剂,在畜禽上研究较深,应用很广,目前越来越多地应用于水产养殖中。本文主要阐述饲用酶制剂的种类、饲用酶制剂在水产动物中的研究应用以及饲用酶制剂存在的问题。     

寡糖在水产动物饲料上的应用

寡糖是一种绿色的水产动物饲料添加剂,能够促进水产动物肠道内有益菌增殖,抑制有害菌生长,维持正常的消化道环境,提高水产动物机体的免疫力、抗病力、饲料利用效率以及促进脂类的代谢等,本文就寡糖对水产动物的作用及其在水产动物饲料中的应用现状进行综述,并探讨应用中存在的问题,尝析寡糖在水产动物饲料中的应用前景。     

生物尖性添加剂在水产动物和畜禽饲料中应用效果浅析

随着生物工程的发展，生物活性添加剂在水产动物和畜禽饲料中应用日益广泛，作者搜集了国内外文献，对其生物活性添加剂在水产动物和畜禽饲料中应用效果作扼要地浅析。     

一种新型水产饲料添加剂--酵母细胞壁

酵母细胞壁是一种新型的环保型饲料添加剂,在水产养殖中应用十分广泛。大量试验表明,它能影响肠道微生态平衡,增殖肠道有益菌,抑制有害菌,提高动物免疫机能,促进新陈代谢,从而提高动物的生产性能和经济效益。综述了酵母细胞壁的组成成分、免疫机理及其在水产养殖中的应用情况,并展望了酵母细胞壁作为水产饲料添加剂的应用前景。     

生物活性添加剂在水产动物和畜禽饲料中应用效果浅析

随着生物工程的发展,生物活性添加剂在水产动物和畜禽饲科中应用日益广泛。作者搜集了国内外文献,对其生物活性添加剂在水产动物和畜禽饲料中应用效果作扼要地浅析。     

中草药饲料添加剂在鱼类养殖中的应用（综述）

中草药添加剂是一种新型绿色的饲料添加剂;具有高效、低毒、促生长等优点,它具有增强鱼体免疫力、抗病防病、促进鱼体生长、抗应激、改善鱼类品质等作用。不仅可以提高水产动物生产性能,还能保证水产品卫生安全,对我国水产品进入国际市场具有重要意义。本文简要的探讨鱼用中草药饲料添加剂的作用、研究成果与应用前景。     

Short‐chain fatty acids as feed supplements for sustainable aquaculture: an updated view

Restriction or ban on antibiotic administration in aquaculture encourages the development of environment‐friendly feed additives as immunostimulants. Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their salts are ‘Generally Regarded as Safe’ and are often used as antimicrobials in the livestock feed industry. Formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate and their salts are among the most studied SCFAs in aquaculture. These SCFAs affect the host performance as well as physiological response upon three ways: either through effects of the feeds that are being administered, through effects on the gastrointestinal tract of the animal or through direct effects on metabolism. To date, most of the available data are focused on the effects of SCFAs on growth performance and feed utilization. Despite extensive research studies on the effects of the different type of SCFAs and their salts on growth performance and feed utilization, the effects of these feed additives on the health of aquatic organisms have only been receiving attention recently. The results of the studies demonstrated beneficial effects of SCFAs as promising feed additives in aquaculture. The present review article summarizes and discusses the topic of dietary administration of SCFAs and their salts in aquaculture with a closer look at the recent findings regarding the effects of SCFAs on growth performance and health status of fish and shellfish. Furthermore, this review identifies the gaps of existing knowledge regarding the roles of SCFAs in the growth and health status of aquatic animals and suggests research areas that merit further investigations.     

绿色水产饲料添加剂的最新研究进展

某些抗生素药物、生物活性物质在水生动物机体中的残留,往往直接影响着人类的健康.要从根本上解决这一问题,必须树立环境保护观念,大力研制、开发和推广使用功能强、价格低、性能优、无毒副作用、利于环保的绿色水产饲料添加剂.本丈综述了绿色水产饲料添加剂的最新研究进展.     

投喂策略对水产动物生长生理及行为特征影响研究进展

近年来,中国水产养殖业高速发展,水产动物投喂策略逐渐受到重视。列举与分析了一系列国内外水产动物饲料投喂策略的相关研究内容,并进行了较为系统的整理与总结。投喂策略是现代集约化水产养殖生产过程中重要的生产管理要素,其技术内涵可简要概括为投喂频率、投喂率和投喂作业方式等,不同的水产动物种类以及不同的生长阶段所需的适宜养殖投喂策略亦不相同。叙述了投喂策略对养殖动物生长性能、消化代谢能力、应激免疫水平、行为响应以及存活率等影响,为水产动物饲料投喂策略的选择和相关技术理论的研究提供参考。     

Improved digestion and initial performance of whiteleg shrimp using organic salt supplements

Organic acids or their salts are promising feed additives for aquatic animals to improve growth performance. We determined the effect of supplementing diets with sodium salts (formate, acetate, lactate, propionate, butyrate, fumarate, succinate and citrate) on trypsin and chymotrypsin activities, in vitro digestibility and zootechnical performance in the whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Shrimp trypsin and chymotrypsin activity increased in the presence of acetate and propionate and decreased in the presence of lactate and citrate. The highest in vitro protein digestibility of the experimental diets, using shrimp enzymes, was obtained for diets containing fumarate and succinate, which was significantly greater than the control diet (no supplements). In a growth trial, the highest final weights were in shrimp fed diets supplemented with fumarate, succinate, butyrate and propionate, increasing 53%, 46%, 38% and 29%, respectively, compared to the control. Shrimp that were fed diets with fumarate digested more feed and had a feed conversion ratio 23% higher than the control shrimp. Shrimp survival did not differ among treatments. We concluded that organic salts in the diet modify digestive enzymatic activity and in vitro protein digestibility of whiteleg shrimp. Fumarate, succinate, butyrate and propionate have potential as feed additives for L. vannamei.     

虫草饲料添加剂在畜禽生产上的开发与应用

文章就虫草组分、药理学作用以及虫草在畜禽生产中的应用等研究动态作简要综述,并展望了虫草饲料添加剂在畜禽生产上的应用前景,为畜禽饲料添加剂的开发提供参考。     

Effects of formic acid in abalone diets that contain ingredients derived from fish processing by-products

The study aimed to investigate the effects of formic acid inclusion in abalone diets, which contained ingredients produced from fish processing by-products, and to quantify effects on production performance. Four diets (a commercial reference and iso-nutrient diets containing fish silage oil, unprocessed rainbow trout viscera or shrimp protein hydrolysate) were evaluated both with and without addition of 2 g kg^?1 dietary formic acid, thus yielding a total of eight treatments, in feeding trials with cultured South African abalone Haliotis midae. Results indicated that inclusion of unprocessed rainbow trout viscera without formic acid decreased production performance of experimental animals, as evidenced by significantly decreased final animal weight and daily weight gain, and significantly increased feed conversion ratio compared to the iso-nutrient control. The decreased production performance was attributed to decreased feed water stability of the diet incorporating untreated trout viscera. Dietary formic acid supplementation partially mitigated the negative impacts of viscera inclusion on production performance of the experimental animals, as seen in significantly higher final animal weight and daily weight gain, and lower feed conversion ratio when compared to non-formic acid-supplemented, viscera-containing diet. However, no beneficial effects on production performance or water stability were found upon formic acid inclusion in diets not containing trout viscera. In conclusion, dietary formic acid can partially mitigate negative impacts on production performance when unprocessed trout viscera are included in formulated abalone diets by improving feed water stability, but the exact mechanism by which this is achieved was not established.     

海洋生物多糖在水产养殖中的应用

介绍了海洋生物多糖的种类——海洋动物活性多糖、海洋植物活性多糖、海洋微生物活性多糖,阐述了海洋生物多糖对水产动物的生理功用,指出了海洋生物多糖在水产养殖中的应用前景和展望,这对配制、推广应用高效环保型、功能性水产配合饲料,促进水产养殖业的健康、可持续发展,具有参考意义。     

Application of immunostimulants in aquaculture: current knowledge and future perspectives

Similar to other industries, aquaculture constantly requires new techniques to increase production yields. Modern technologies and different scientific fields, such as biotechnology and microbiology, provide important tools that could lead to a higher quality and a greater quantity of products. New feeding practices in farming typically play an important role in aquaculture, and the addition of various additives to a balanced feed formula to achieve better growth is a common practice of many fish and shrimp feed manufacturers and farmers. As ‘bio‐friendly agents’, immunostimulants, such as biological factors, probiotics and vitamins, can be introduced into the culture environment to control and kill pathogenic bacteria, as well as to promote growth of the cultured organisms. In addition, immunostimulants are non‐pathogenic and non‐toxic and do not produce undesirable side effects when administered to aquatic organisms. In this review, we summarize previous studies performed with both traditional immunostimulants and the most promising new generation of immunostimulants, such as polysaccharides, nutrients, oligosaccharides, herbs, microorganisms, prebiotics and different biological factors. This review primarily focuses on their protective efficacies and on what is known concerning their effects on the immune systems of aquatic organisms when delivered in vivo.     

鳜胃蛋白酶基因外显子7上SNP检测及其与食性驯化相关分析

本研究旨在探寻胃蛋白酶(pepsinogen,PEP)基因的等位基因及其基因型在不同食性驯化表型鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)群体中的分布情况.通过2周食性驯化,挑选出最易驯化和最不易驯化的2组,提取各组鳜鳍条组织DNA,采用PCR产物直接测序法(direct sequencing,DS)、限制性片段长度多态...     

中草药在家禽养殖业中的应用

以中草药为主要成分制成的饲料添加剂统称为中草药饲料添加剂。中草药饲料添加剂克服了化学饲料添加剂带来的负面影响,具有促进畜禽生长和保健作用,并因其无毒、无害、无残留、无耐药性的独特优势愈来愈被我国畜牧兽医工作者重视。中草药这一古老的瑰宝,在现代家禽养殖业中发挥着越来越重要的作用。