Mitochondrial DNA variation in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea populations of Japanese Spanish mackerel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scomberomorus niphonius</Emphasis>

Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius is a commercially important species in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea, but there is limited knowledge of its genetic population structure. In order to detect its genetic structure, sequence variation of the first hypervariable segment of the control region was analyzed among eight populations of S. niphonius from the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. A total of 119 polymorphic sites were detected in the 505-bp segment of the control region among 134 individuals of S. niphonius, defining 112 haplotypes. Mean haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity for the eight populations were 0.9963 ± 0.0017 and 0.0236 ± 0.0119, respectively. As expected, analysis of molecular variance detected no significant differences at all hierarchical levels, and most of the conventional population Φ_ST statistics were negative, indicating that no significant population genetic structure exists in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. Moreover, the exact test of differentiation supported the null hypothesis that S. niphonius within the East China Sea and Yellow Sea constitutes a panmictic mtDNA gene pool. Neutrality tests and mismatch distribution revealed that S. niphonius underwent population expansion in the late Pleistocene. Strong dispersal capacity of larvae and adults, long-distance migrations, and ocean currents in the studied area could be the reasons for genetic homogeneity in this species in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. Insufficient time to accumulate genetic variation might be another explanation for the lack of genetic structure in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea.     

西北太平洋鸢乌贼种群遗传结构

为检测西北太平洋鸢乌贼种群遗传结构,采用线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因(Cytb)序列分析方法对鸢乌贼东海群体、南海群体与菲律宾海群体进行遗传变异分析。结果显示,(1)所有群体总的单倍型多样度与核苷酸多样度分别为0.982±0.006、0.012±0.006;菲律宾海群体对应的遗传多样度均最高,分别为0.973±0.014、0.015±0.008;南海群体与东海群体的单倍型多样度分别为0.959±0.026、0.943±0.031,核苷酸多样度均为0.006±0.003。3个地理群体均具有较高的遗传多样性水平。(2)分子方差分析结果显示,34.6%的遗传变异来自于群体间,群体间遗传分化极显著。两两群体间Fst分析表明,西北太平洋鸢乌贼群体间均具有极显著的遗传分化。构建的单倍型邻接系统树和最小跨度树显示,西北太平洋鸢乌贼群体存在明显的系统发育谱系结构(谱系A、B、C),3个谱系单倍型类群间也存在极显著的遗传分化(Fst=0.735~0.805)。(3)中性检验和核苷酸不配对分析结果均表明,谱系B可能经历过近期群体扩张事件,发生群体扩张的时间在10.3~12.5万年前。综合分析认为,西北太平洋鸢乌贼的种群遗传结构模式及系统发育地理格局模式是由其栖息地海洋环境与更新世气候变化共同塑造的。建议在渔业管理上将3个地理群体划分为3个独立的管理单元。     

基于线粒体Cyt b基因序列的绿鳍马面鲀6个野生群体的遗传结构分析

利用线粒体细胞色素b(cytochrome b,Cyt b)基因分析了我国沿海绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)6个野生群体(大连、秦皇岛、蓬莱、日照、舟山和汕头)的遗传多样性和群体遗传结构。结果显示,在176个个体915 bp的Cyt b部分序列中共检测到32个变异位点和30个单倍型;6个群体的单倍型多样性为0.883~0.953,核苷酸多样性0.0032~0.0039;群体间固定指数较小,呈中低度分化;AMOVA分析表明,遗传变异主要来源于群体内,群体间遗传分化未达到显著水平。群体历史动态分析表明,绿鳍马面鲀在16.9万~42.2万年前经历种群扩张。总体上,各群体间的遗传分化较小,并未形成相应的地理支系,推测黑潮的输送作用以及绿鳍马面鲀的洄游习性维持了各群体间高强度的基因交流;中更新世中晚期的气候波动对绿鳍马面鲀的种群扩张以及地理分布格局可能具有重要影响。本研究结果加深了人们对于绿鳍马面鲀资源情况的认识,为绿鳍马面鲀资源的保护和合理利用提供了理论依据。     

基于线粒体Cyt b分析入侵云南四大水系的麦穗鱼群体遗传结构

为揭示麦穗鱼入侵云南后群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化差异现状,实验采集了云南澜沧江、怒江、红河、伊洛瓦底江水系13个样点,及黄河、长江、珠江原产地水系6个样点的麦穗鱼群体共计220尾样本,利用线粒体细胞色素b基因(Cyt b)全序列作为分子标记,初步分析了麦穗鱼群体的遗传多样性、遗传结构和遗传分化情况。结果显示,共检测到72个变异位点,定义25个Cyt b单倍型。云南四大水系麦穗鱼单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.828±0.014和0.005 44±0.001 18。云南四大水系和黄河、长江、珠江水系相比,具有较高的遗传多样性。单倍型系统发育树与单倍型网络图显示,黄河群体单倍型独立,云南各水系单倍型与珠江、长江单倍型混杂,推测云南麦穗鱼主要来源于珠江和长江,这与云南省引种经济鱼类历史一致。分子变异分析(AMOVA)显示,云南四大水系麦穗鱼群体间具有程度较高的遗传分化,其中大多数遗传变异存在于群体内(72.60%),群体间的遗传变异为28.62%,水系间为1.22%。结果发现麦穗鱼遗传分化与当前水系的分布格局不吻合。Fu’s Fs中性检验结果和核苷酸不配对分析结果均表明,云南四大水系麦穗鱼群体未发生扩张。麦穗鱼进入云南各水系后,单倍型多样性较高,可能来源于多个地区。在后续对麦穗鱼的管理过程中,需要注意避免单倍型特殊的群体与其他地区群体的交流,减少水系间相互引种。此外,通过开发麦穗鱼资源利用方式来提高麦穗鱼利用率,以控制其群体数量,从而减小其对当地土著物种和渔业养殖的危害。     

基于mtDNACytb基因序列的我国不同水系野生鲇种群遗传多样性与种群历史分析

为进一步了解鲇这一广布种的遗传多样性与种群遗传结构,阐明该经济鱼类的种群历史动态,本研究对我国长江(上游、中游)、珠江、福建、海南、辽河地区的野生鲇样本进行mtDNA Cytb基因序列测定与种群遗传多样性和遗传结构分析。结果显示,在所分析的216个序列样本中,共检测出78个单倍型,其中Hap_45在鲇不同群体中分布最为广泛;鲇总群体具有较高的单倍型多样性(Hd=0.948±0.009)和核酸多样性(Pi=0.017 99±0.000 55),暗示了其自然种群数量的相对稳定;单倍型系统发育与网络关系图分析显示,78种单倍型被分为4个分支,且不同单倍型分布相对集中,划分为4个谱系。中性检验与错配分析表明,不同水系野生鲇种群(4个谱系)在约晚更新世时期(0.04~0.05百万年)经历过近期种群扩张事件。     

基于线粒体D-loop基因的中国海三疣梭子蟹遗传多样性与遗传分化研究

为探明分布于中国四大海区的天然三疣梭子蟹群体遗传多样性与遗传分化状况,实验以大连(DL)、东营(DY)、连云港(LYG)、舟山(ZS)、湛江(ZJ)和漳州(ZZ)6个三疣梭子蟹地理群体为研究对象,采用线粒体控制区D-loop全基因序列为分子标记,对中国海三疣梭子蟹野生群体的遗传多样性及群体遗传结构进行了分析。结果发现,在用于分析的1 141 bp的D-loop全基因序列中共有185个变异位点,129个简约信息位点。60个个体中共计48个单倍型,单倍性多样性指数和核苷酸多样性指数显示中国沿海三疣梭子蟹群体具有较高的遗传多样性,而且三疣梭子蟹在过去没有出现很强的选择效应,群体大小稳定。6群体三疣梭子蟹遗传分化指数(F_ST)为0.189 7,将中国沿海三疣梭子蟹作为一个大群体来讲已产生了中度分化,群体分化时间推断为(19.68～26.05)万年。LYG分别和DY、ZJ、ZZ,以及ZJ和ZZ这4组之间无明显分化,基因流较大(N_em>5),而其他11个群组间已存在一定程度的分化。特别是ZS与其它5群体产生了高度的遗传分化,DL与其他4群体发生了中度分化。遗传距离与地理距离不存在显著的相关性,群体发生与扩散可能有更复杂的原因。     

Genetic diversity and population structure of Sepiella japonica (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Decapoda) inferred by 16S rDNA variations

In order to describe the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of five populations of cuttlefish (Sepiella japonica) along with China's coasts, partial 16S rDNA (510 bp in length) was amplified from 110 individuals. The five populations of cuttlefish inhabit Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea. In total, six haplotypes were identified and formed only one clade. Among the six haplotypes, one was shared by all populations, three appeared only in a single population, two appeared in two or three populations. Pair‐wise FST were not proportional to the geographical distances. Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were low, 0.3866 ± 0.067 and 0.00120 ± 0.00081 respectively. Among the five populations, Zhoushan population exhibited the highest genetic diversity which was suggested as the better select of germplasm resources for the reproduction and releasing of S. japonica.     

Genetic variation of hatchery and wild stocks of the pearl oyster <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinctada fucata martensii</Emphasis> (Dunker, 1872), assessed by mitochondrial DNA analysis

In order to provide baseline information for the genetic resources, genetic variation in wild and cultured Pinctada fucata martensii from southern Korea and Japan was studied using nucleotide sequence analysis of 379 base pairs (bp) in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI). The study included three hatchery stocks from Korea (Tongyeong) and Japan (Mie and Tsushima) and one wild stock from Korea (Geoje). A total of 3 haplotypes were identified in hatchery stocks of 78 individuals, of which 63 individuals shared 1 haplotype. Overall, nucleotide diversity (π) was low, ranging from 0.000 to 0.002, and haplotype diversity (h) ranged from 0.000 to 0.541. Considerably low haplotype and nucleotide diversities in hatchery stock indicated that low effective population size and consecutive selective breeding of P. fucata martensii could be responsible for the reduction in genetic variation. The wild stock exhibited low haplotype diversity (0.507 ± 0.039) with two shared haplotypes. The results of the present study with first record of wild pearl oyster in Korea support the possibility that the transplanted pearl oyster for overwintering experiments could have survived in winter. In order to enhance and/or maintain genetic diversity in the hatchery stock, further research should be directed toward genetic monitoring and evaluation of the hatchery and wild pearl oysters.     

基于线粒体COⅠ和Cytb基因序列的北太平洋柔鱼种群遗传结构研究

为准确掌握柔鱼的种群遗传结构,拟通过线粒体DNA的COI和Cytb基因序列分析方法对柔鱼不同产卵季节群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行研究。经PCR扩增与测序分别获得600 bp COI与481 bp Cytb基因序列。基于COI基因序列分析得到的单倍型数、单倍型多样性指数、核苷酸多样性指数及平均核苷酸差异数分别为24、(0.729 ±0.033)、(0.005 70 ± 0.003 25)和3.421。基于Cytb基因序列分析得到的单倍型数、单倍型多样性指数、核苷酸多样性指数及平均核苷酸差异数分别为28、(0.852 ± 0.016)、(0.006 45 ± 0.003 73)和3.101。分析认为, 北太平洋柔鱼2个产卵季节群体均具有较高的单倍型多样性指数和较低的核苷酸多样性指数。单倍型邻接树、两两群体间的F_st值以及AMOVA分析结果均表明, 北太平洋柔鱼2个产卵季节群体间的遗传差异不显著, 不存在显著的群体遗传结构。初步认为, 该海域因缺乏地理上的障碍, 加之北太平洋海流的作用以及柔鱼个体较强的游泳能力, 使得群体之间具有较强的基因流。     

基于COⅠ基因序列的东、黄海区野生与养殖大黄鱼遗传多样性分析

为研究野生与养殖大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)群体的遗传多样性,对大黄鱼8个野生群体及6个养殖群体共336个样本的线粒体COⅠ基因部分序列进行了扩增和测序分析。实验最终获得序列片段长621 bp,总变异位点38个,简约信息位点23个,单变异位点15个,其中野生群体包含38个变异位点,占总变异的100%,养殖群体包含8个变异位点,占总变异的21.05%。在所有样本中共检测出单倍型34个,单倍型多样性为0.587,核苷酸多样性为0.00194,野生及养殖群体单倍型多样性指数分别为0.714~0.952、0.000~0.581。大黄鱼养殖与野生两个组群间的遗传分化指数为0.04982,占总变异的4.98%,差异极显著(P0.01),组群间群体间的变异占1.46%(P0.05),群体内的变异占93.56%(P0.01)。以上结果表明,大黄鱼的遗传变异主要来自于群体内,养殖群体的遗传多样性显著低于野生群体,两者的遗传多样性程度均处于较低水平,养殖群体间或野生群体间不存在显著的遗传分化,而养殖与野生两大组群间存在着显著的遗传分化。此外,通过对群体遗传结构及进化树的分析表明,东、黄海大黄鱼应属于同一地理种群,但两者间存在较低程度的遗传分化现象,黄海的大黄鱼群体遗传多样性高于东海群体。本研究可为大黄鱼种质资源的保护和恢复提供理论依据。     

Wild stock structure of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Girella punctata</Emphasis> in Japan revealed shallow genetic differentiation but subtle substructure in subsidiary distributions

Twelve populations of Girella punctata, from widespread locations of the species’ range in Japan and Korea, were screened for sequence variability within the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (n = 128) and at five polymorphic microsatellite loci (n = 547) to determine the genetic structure maintaining population integrity. mtDNA variability of 132 variable sites within a 334-bp region reveals shallow genetic differentiation across populations. The weak differentiation of G. punctata was partly supported by the screening of five polymorphic microsatellite loci. However, hierarchical analysis of molecular variance and principal component analysis on the basis of allele frequencies in microsatellite loci extracted a subtle substructure in a subsidiary population and in near-subsidiary populations in the semi-enclosed Seto Inland Sea.     

河南省小黄黝鱼群体遗传多样性

小黄黝鱼[Micropercops swinhonis (Günther, 1873)]是中国特有的一种小型淡水虾虎鱼类,广泛分布于长江及以北各水系,其中在河南省各水系均有分布。为评估河南省小黄黝鱼种质资源现状及其遗传多样性,本研究对河南省境内黄河、长江、淮河和海河4个水系77尾小黄黝鱼样品进行线粒体COI基因的扩增。结果显示,河南省小黄黝鱼的平均单倍型多样性(H_d)为0.89088,平均核苷酸多样性(π)为0.00361,其中淮河水系华行村种群(HXC)核苷酸多样性最高(π=0.00433),黄河水系马颊河种群(MJH)核苷酸多样性最低(π=0.00078);系统发育树和单倍型网络图结果均显示小黄黝鱼并未按照水系形成明显的地理遗传支系;根据4个水系进行分组, AMOVA分析显示仅16.00%的变异来自于水系间,而78.43%遗传变异来自各群体内部;同样地,未预先设定分组情况的SAMOVA分析也得到了相似的结果,不支持小黄黝鱼具有明显的地理遗传结构的假设;种群历史动态分析显示,河南省小黄黝鱼种群呈逐步增长趋势; Fu’s FS中性检验与错配分析表明,河南小黄黝鱼种群可能经历过近期群体扩张事件,且该过程可能与气候变为暖湿型有关。     

长江流域4个野生大眼鳜群体的遗传多样性分析

为探讨长江流域大眼鳜(Sinipercakneri)野生群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构,为长江大眼鳜野生群体资源的有效管理和合理开发利用提供基础科学数据支撑,本研究基于线粒体细胞色素b (cytochrome b, Cyt b)基因及控制区(D-loop)全序列,对4个群体(赤水河群体-CS、南京群体-NJ、岳阳群体-YY、宜昌群体-YC)共计79尾个体进行了分析。结果如下:(1)获得了长1141 bp的Cyt b基因全序列,共检测到26种单倍型。单倍型多样性(haplotype diversity,Hd)指数为0.685 (CS)～0.924 (YC),核苷酸多样性(nucleotide diversity,π)指数为0.176%(CS)～0.285%(YY)。群体内与群体间的遗传距离均在0.002～0.003。(2)获得了长度为834～840bp的D-loop全序列,在79尾个体中共检测到46种单倍型。单倍型多样性指数为0.754 (CS)～0.990 (NJ),核苷酸多样性指数为0.548%(CS)～1.412%(YC)。群体内遗传距离在0.005(CS)～0.014(YC),群体间遗传距离在0.008～0.012,提示4个野生群体均尚未达到亚种分化水平。分子方差分析(AMOVA)显示群体内的变异是总变异的主要来源,长江流域大眼鳜野生群体无显著遗传结构差异。     

Recent expansion of Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean populations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Melicertus</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Penaeus</Emphasis>) <Emphasis Type="Italic">kerathurus</Emphasis> (Crustacea: Decapoda)

We analysed the genetic diversity of Melicertus kerathurus (Penaeidae), a commercially valuable penaeid shrimp that is distributed in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic Ocean. We examined the polymorphism of a 494 bp DNA segment of the mitochondrial COI region in 173 individuals, sampled in nine Mediterranean and two Atlantic samples, covering the whole range of the species from the tropical waters of the Gulf of Guinea to the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. The mean nucleotide and haplotype diversities were π = 0.00275 and h = 0.718, respectively, for the global data set, with the highest values occurring in the African samples and the lowest in the Adriatic Sea. A clear sample differentiation was found (F _st = 0.194), but this did not reflect a geographical pattern and there were only faint traces of an Atlantic–Mediterranean subdivision. Mismatch analysis and a high significant negative value of Tajima’s D suggested that M. kerathurus is not at mutation drift-equilibrium, but underwent a recent expansion after a period of low effective sample size. A postglacial recolonisation of the Mediterranean from an Atlantic refuge could be hypothesised based on these data.     

Population structure of long tailed hake Macruronus magellanicus in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans: Implications for fisheries management

Pre-spawning adult samples of long tailed hake, Macruronus magellanicus, were obtained from fisheries vessels in one location in the southeast Pacific Ocean and three in the southwest Atlantic Ocean, at different latitudes. Population structure was determined based on six nuclear hypervariable microsatellite loci and on mitochondrial DNA sequence variation at the locus COI. Paired tests of genic differentiation for microsatellite loci indicate the existence of genetic population structure for this species, where significant differences exist between some southern and northern samples. Multivariate analysis (factorial correspondence analysis) of microsatellite variation showed differentiation between the Pacific and the Atlantic populations. Analysis of the mitochondrial variation confirmed the microsatellite analysis of population structure, and revealed some additional differentiation between northern and southern Atlantic samples and exclusive haplotypes in each region. These findings suggest that the species should be managed as north–south separate stocks in the Atlantic Ocean.     

我国近海星康吉鳗群体的形态学、遗传学比较研究

结合形态学、遗传学的方法,分别对青岛近海(黄海)、舟山近海(东海)的星康吉鳗群体做了相关系统的研究。通过单因素方差分析、判别分析、主成分分析方法对两个星康吉鳗地理群体的9个可量性状进行形态学比较研究;基于线粒体DNA (mtDNA)序列进行遗传学分析研究。形态学研究结果显示,舟山海域的星康吉鳗肌肉中含有"I"形硬肌间骨,青岛海域星康吉鳗的肌肉中无硬肌间骨;单因素方差分析结果显示,两个群体的7个可量指标:肛长、头宽、吻长、口裂长、眼径长、背鳍前长和胸鳍长存在显著差异;在主成分分析中,基于前两个主成分绘制的散点图基本能够将两个星康吉鳗群体区分开来;判别分析结果显示,青岛、舟山两群体的判别准确率分别为100%和94.7%。3种多元统计分析结果均表明青岛、舟山两个星康吉鳗群体在外部形态上存在一定程度差异,但根据75%识别与划分规则,认为两组群体的形态学差异尚未达到亚种水平。遗传学研究表明,在所检测的mtDNA水平上两个星康吉鳗群体遗传多样性无明显差异,邻接系统发育树未呈现明显的谱系关系,遗传分化指数FST也显示两群体遗传差异小,遗传分化不显著,属同一种群。     

中国东南沿海青蟹线粒体COI基因部分序列分析

对我国东南沿海5个地区的72个青蟹个体的线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基I (COI)部分序列序列进行了测定和分析。获得的72个细胞色素氧化酶亚基I (COI)序列可分为12个单倍型，与GenBank中已知的Scylla paramamosain COI序列的相似性达到98%以上，与其它3种 青蟹的差异为7.36%～15.54%。这些序列与S. paramamosain的遗传距离仅为0.00783，但是与S. serrata、S. olivacea和S. tranquebarica〗的遗传距离却分别达到0.11659、0.17812和0.08423。序列特征、遗传距离和系统进化等分析结果都表明本文研究的青蟹为S. paramamosain。结果提示，在进行青蟹属相关研究应当仔细鉴别采集样本的种类。     

Genetic population structure of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nibea albiflora</Emphasis> in Yellow Sea and East China Sea

ABSTRACT:   The population genetic structure and level of gene flow of Nibea albiflora from the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea were examined with a 479-bp segment of a mtDNA control region. In total, 65 samples were collected from three locations and 37 haplotypes were obtained. Mean haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity for the three populations ranged from 0.9130 ± 0.0308 (Zhoushan) to 0.9926 ± 0.0230 (Xiamen), and from 0.0073 ± 0.0043 (Qingdao) to 0.0099 ± 0.0057 (Xiamen). Analysis of molecular variance and pairwise F _ST revealed little genetic structure between the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in N. albiflora . But based on the exact test of differentiation, the null hypothesis that N. albiflora within the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea constitutes a panmictic mtDNA gene pool was rejected. This might be caused by the broad spawning areas but not by the Yangtze River outflow. Mismatch distribution revealed that N. albiflora has undergone population expansion, possibly before the last 85 000–170 000 years. The existence of high gene flow between stocks in the studied area was supported by our results. Annual migrations, larval drift in the ocean currents, and recent range expansion could be the reasons for little genetic structure in the studied area.     

秋季我国近海不同海域短蛸角质颚形态学研究

根据2015年10—11月在黄海、东海和南海北部渔业生产期间采集的393尾短蛸样本,通过标准化方法对不同海域短蛸的10项角质颚形态值进行了差异性分析,同时建立判别函数以区分不同群体。结果显示,东海和黄海样本短蛸个体大小较为类似,南海个体明显较小;经角质颚形态值标准化处理,南海海域个体的角质颚形态比其他2个海域更小;方差分析显示,3个海域短蛸角质颚形态存在显著差异,其中除了下翼长外,东海与黄海个体的角质颚形态值均不存在差异,而南海与其他2个海域的角质颚形态值均存在显著差异;主成分分析结果发现,第一主成分因子均为下颚形态值,第二、第三主成分均为上颚形态值;通过逐步判别分析,选取了6项角质颚形态值建立判别函数,判别正确率在80%以上;回归树分析结果发现,短蛸的下颚形态值(下头盖长和下翼长)能够更快速地辨别不同海域的短蛸。研究表明,因摄食和栖息环境的不同,不同海域短蛸角质颚形态存在较大差异,因此可通过角质颚的形态来判别短蛸的种群。     

Development of Gene‐derived SNP Markers and Their Application for the Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Wild and Cultured Populations in Sea Cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus

The Apostichopus japonicus is a valuable aquaculture species in China. In this study, 51 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified from expressed sequence tags of sea cucumber using high‐resolution melting. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.2462 and 0.2897, respectively. Thirty‐two of these loci were used for estimating the genetic similarity and variation between the five hatchery stocks from China and two wild stocks from Japan. No significant differences in Ho or He were observed between the wild and hatchery populations. The pairwise Fst (which ranged from 0.0119 to 0.0236) and the genetic identity (which varied from 0.9802 to 0.9915) showed no significant differentiation between the wild and cultured stocks. The analysis of molecular variance indicated the source of variation was at the level of “within the populations.” The information on the genetic variation and differentiation in cultured and wild populations of A. japonicus obtained in this study is useful for setting up suitable guidelines for founding and maintaining of cultured stocks and for future genetic improvement by selective breeding.