野生与人工养殖褐牙鲆亲鱼微量元素组成的差异比较

分析了野生与人工养殖褐牙鲆亲鱼肝脏、背肌及卵中硒、铁、锰、铜、铬、镉和铅等微量元素的含量。结果表明,野生褐牙鲆亲鱼肝脏中硒、铁含量均显著高于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05),铜含量则显著低于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05),其他各元素间均未见显著差异(P>0.05);野生褐牙鲆亲鱼背肌中除硒和锰的含量显著高于养殖亲鱼外(P<0.05),其他各元素含量均基本保持恒定(P>0.05);野生褐牙鲆亲鱼卵中硒、铁和锰的含量均显著高于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05),其中硒的含量约为养殖亲鱼的1.7倍,铁的含量约为养殖亲鱼的2.0倍,而锰含量则为养殖亲鱼的2.8倍。养殖褐牙鲆亲鱼卵中镉含量与野生亲鱼相比高出78%(P<0.05)。两种亲鱼卵中铜、镉、铅3种重金属含量均未见显著差异(P>0.05)。     

乳山海域养殖太平洋牡蛎中营养成分及重金属含量分析及评价

牡蛎是中国主要养殖经济贝类之一,乳山作为"牡蛎之乡",牡蛎的品质及食品安全问题引人瞩目。根据2015年对乳山市4个海域的养殖太平洋牡蛎的检测数据,对太平洋牡蛎中蛋白质、牛磺酸、锌、铁、硒、铜等人体所需营养成分及砷、汞、铅、镉、铬等重金属元素的含量水平、产品中分布特征进行分析讨论,评价其安全性,引导健康安全消费。结果表明,调查海域养殖牡蛎蛋白质、脂肪质量分数为9.78%和3.0%;牛磺酸、磷含量分别为7.84和1.5 mg/g;硒、铁、锌、铜、锰的含量分别为0.46、105.7、152.7、34.2和10.7 mg/kg。该海域养殖太平洋牡蛎营养成分含量较高,而重金属元素含量远低于食品安全国家标准中食品污染物限量,表明其未受到重金属污染,故在该海域进行太平洋牡蛎养殖具有一定的地域优势;不同海域对比,太平洋牡蛎个体间蛋白质、水分、脂肪、磷、砷、汞、镉等含量分布差异不明显,牛磺酸、硒、铁、锰、锌、铜、铬、铅的含量具有显著差异,说明太平洋牡蛎对不同参数的选择性累积存在差异;同一海域不同元素分布差异不同,表明不同元素体内累积可能存在相互竞争或抑制作用。     

原子吸收光谱法测定黄颡鱼体中微量元素的初步研究

黄颡鱼肌肉经过硝酸、商氯酸等处理后，用火焰原子吸收光谱法。测定其中的铁、锌、镉、铅含量，用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定其中的铬。结果表明：长湖黄颊鱼肌肉中含铁208．19μg/g，含锌68．50μg／g，含镉37．57μg/g，含铅130．90μg／g，含铬377．01ng／g。     

重金属元素在克氏原螯虾体内的生物富集作用

汞和砷的检出率为0，镉、铅的检出率分别为96.15%、50%，铜和锌的检出率均为100%，铜、镉的超标率分别为38%、22.2%，锌和铅的超标率均为0。鳃、肝、螯足肌肉的重金属含量高于腹部肌肉，且腹肌中的残留量符合国家卫生标准。     

洋口港水产品重金属含量状况调查及评价

调查了南通洋口港水产品中重金属铬、铜、铅、砷、汞、镉的含量，结果显示：同一水产品对不同的重金属的富集程度是有差异的，同一重金属在不同的水产品中含量水平也各不相同。其中，铬、铜、铅、汞在水产品中的含量均远低于我国水产品重金属质量相关限量标准，砷在各种水产品中含量普遍较高，镉在贝类中超标严重，应引起有关部门重视。     

重金属离子的处理方法

<正>一、海水养殖用水重金属离子限量标准海水养殖用水水质标准规定各重金属的限量为:汞≤0.0002mg/L、镉≤0.005mg/L、铅≤0.05mg/L、总铬≤0.1mg/L、砷≤0.03mg/L、铜≤0.01mg/L、锌≤0.1mg/L、硒≤0.02mg/L。从上可看出,汞、镉、铅、砷是有害无益的重金属离子,限量较低;铬、铜、锌、硒、铁、锰是对虾和藻类生长均需要的营养元素,在饲料中还需专门添加这些微量矿物质以促进对虾健康快速生长,但这些超量了亦会有害;铁作为重金属离子在标准中不作要求,可见相对是安全的。     

象山港重点增养殖区重金属残留量分布及污染源分析

根据2002年6月对象山港重点增养殖区水体中重金属含量的调查,研究象山港水体中重金属残留量、分布及其来源。研究结果表明,象山港水体中重金属铜、铅、锌、镉、总汞、砷、总铬的含量均符合二类海水水质标准,其中铜、镉、砷、总铬的含量很低,符合一类海水水质标准,铅、锌、总汞的含量在一类和二类标准之间。重金属铜、铅、锌、镉在支港黄墩港含量较高,4区(主港)或3区(西沪港)最低,其中锌以港口及其延伸的主港区含量最高;汞、砷、铬则在4区及其邻近分区含量较高。象山港水体中的重金属含量在东海10个重点河口港湾中)属于偏高,近5年来水体中铜、汞和砷含量波动大,其它重金属含量稳中有升。象山港水体中的重金属来源于自然和人为活动两部分,前者主要来源于象山港汇水区土壤和矿物中的重金属,后者为周边各汇水区电镀、化工等乡镇企业的污水汇入。     

金沙江长鳍吻鮈的含肉率及其营养成分分析

试验测定了长鳍吻鮈(Rhinogobio ventralis)含肉率及其肌肉常规营养成分(蛋白质、脂肪、灰分、水分)、矿物元素(钙、磷、钠、镁、铜、锌、铁、锰、铬、硒)和氨基酸组成,并对其营养价值作了综合评定。结果表明,长鳍吻鮈含肉率为(69.51±4.91)%;肌肉(鲜样)中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分的含量分别为(70.14±0.72)%、(17.26±0.47)%、(11.28±0.64)%、(0.87±0.03)%;肌肉中17种常见氨基酸(除色氨酸外)总含量为(16.15±0.26)%;其中,必需氨基酸含量为(6.31±0.11)%,占氨基酸总含量的39.10%。必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸含量的比值为64.20%。鲜味氨基酸含量为(6.27±0.11)%,占氨基酸总含量的38.83%。必需氨基酸指数为82.17。长鳍吻鮈的限制性氨基酸主要是异亮氨酸、蛋氨酸+胱氨酸、缬氨酸。10种矿物元素中,钙、磷、钠、镁4种常量元素的平均含量在296.32～3278.14μg/g,而铜、锌、铁、锰、铬、硒6种微量元素含量的平均值则在0.06～112.5μg/g;平均钙磷比为1∶2.1。     

鱼虾类对微量矿物元素的需要

微量矿物元素(以下简称微量元素)在动物体内含量甚微,但在机体生命活动中起着重要作用。研究鱼虾类微量元素的营养、生理作用及需要量,对完善饲料营养成分,提高饲料效率和促进鱼虾类生长发育及维护健康具有积极的作用。鱼虾类需要的微量元素有14种:铁、锌、锰、铜、碘、钻、氟、硒、镍、钼、铬、硅、钡、砷。     

橄榄蛏蚌软组织4种微量元素含量分析

利用原子吸收分光光度法测定了橄榄蛏蚌不同组织的锌、铜、铅、镉等4种金属元素的含量。锌平均含量最高,其次是铅。足、肝脏中4种微量元素含量高于其它组织,特别是铅和镉;铜在外套膜中含量很高,而在闭壳肌中最低。     

苏州地区泥鳅与大鳞副泥鳅肌肉微量元素含量比较

为了评价泥鳅与大鳞副泥鳅营养与食品安全性，采用电感耦合等离子体一原子发射光谱法（ICP—AES）对苏州地区泥鳅与大鳞副泥鳅肌肉组织中的K、Ca、Na、Mg,P、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Se、Cr、Pb、Cd、As14种元素含量进行测定与分析。结果显示：泥鳅与大鳞副泥鳅肌肉组织中均富含K、Ca、Na、Mg、P等常量元素，并含有人体所必需的Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn等微量元素，As未检测出，Cd、Pb的含量均低于国家限量标准。     

Bioaccumulation and distribution of trace elements in tissues of giant river prawn <Emphasis Type="Italic">Macrobrachium rosenbergii</Emphasis> (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from South Vietnam

ABSTRACT:   Accumulation profiles of 22 trace elements in abdominal muscle, abdominal exoskeleton and the hepatopancreas of the giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii were analyzed. The giant river prawn is an indigenous freshwater species from South Vietnam, and is cultured commercially and fished in the wild. Samples were collected from Ho Chi Minh City and the surrounding area (SKEZ, South Key Economic Zone), and from the Mekong River Delta between 2003 and 2005. Highest accumulations of essential (Cu, Se and Mo) and toxic (As, Ag, Cd and Hg) elements were observed in hepatopancreatic tissue, except for Mn, Sr, Sn, Ba and V in the exoskeleton and Rb and Cs in muscle tissue. Spatial differences showed concentrations of Cs and Pb in muscle and Sr in exoskeletons from the SKEZ were higher than those from the Mekong River Delta. The opposite trend was observed for Cr, Se and Sb in muscle, Mo, Sb and Tl in exoskeleton, and Se, Hg, Mo, Cd, Sb, Tl and Bi in the hepatopancreas. These differences in trace element concentrations in prawns likely reflect differences in industrialization and human activities between the two regions of South Vietnam.     

成体瘤背石磺不同组织中的重金属含量及其评价

采用原子吸收法测定了瘤背石磺栖息地(崇明北支芦苇滩涂)的水质、土壤及成体瘤背石磺不同组织中的各项重金属含量,并与相应的国家标准进行了比较。结果表明:瘤背石磺栖息地的水质和土壤基本符合相应的国家标准,仅土壤中的Cu和Zn含量略超过国家标准《土壤环境质量标准》,污染指数分别为1.39和1.09。瘤背石磺肝胰腺中积累了较多的Cu、Zn和Fe,含量分别高达314.33、258.33和192.40μg/g组织湿重,两性腺中的Zn含量为309.33μg/g组织湿重,显著高于其它组织(P<0.05),肌肉和卵黄腺中的重金属含量均较低。除Cd含量外,瘤背石磺肌肉中的其它重金属含量均符合国家标准《农产品安全质量:无公害水产品安全要求》中的规定要求,但是肌肉中Cd含量远低于CAC标准(国际食品法典委员会标准)规定的2.0μg/g湿重。     

Heavy metal residues in dulse,an edible seaweed

Dulse from three geographically different areas and a common holding tank was analyzed for As, Cu, Cd, Pb, Se, Zn and Hg by flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy. Concentration ranges (μg/g dry weight) were: As 5.50-7.50, Cu 3.90-6.34, Cd 0.97-2.65, Pb 0.688-3.5, Se 2.00–2.91, Zn 57.5–84.1, Hg < 0.02. Percent moisture was 13.50-23.45.     

Effect of cage culture environment on farmed fish in terms of metal accumulation

Metal pressure under farm conditions was examined on the gill and muscle tissues of farmed Sparus aurata and compared with their wild counterparts (Sparus aurata, Trachurus trachurus, Mullus barbatus). Al, Mn, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn accumulation amounts in gill tissue of farmed fish were 28.821, 37.620, 0.136, 0.300, 3.730, 2.441, 3.222, 2.474 and 127.494 mg/kg respectively. Among them, Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb concentrations in gill tissue of farmed fish were higher than that in wild fishes. Metal depositions in muscle tissue of farmed fish were far below that in the gill tissue. The accumulated Al (6.700 mg/kg) in the muscle tissue of farmed fish was higher than in wild ones. The results showed that metal accumulation levels (especially Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb) in the gill tissue of farmed fish indicate metal pressure under captive conditions. Furthermore, the calculated hazard index (HI) and total hazard index (THI) of the considered elements in the edible part of farmed fish were below the level considered safe, which elucidates that farmed fish do not pose any threat to the human consumer in terms of metal toxicity.     

Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Nauplii of Artemia salina

Artemia salina cysts (San Francisco Bay Brand) were exposed in seawater containing multiple concentrations of either a single heavy metal (Hg, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn and Fe) or combination of heavy metals. The heavy metal accumulation in Artemia nauplii increased linearly with an increase in the heavy metal concentration in water. The metals could be detected in nauplii exposed to a single heavy metal at dosages of 5 μg/L for Hg, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu; 25 μg/L for Cd and Cr; 50 μg/L for Co; 100 mUg/L for Ni; and 250 μg/L for Pb. Cysts exposed to several heavy metal combinations had minimum effective dosages equal to or lower than the single heavy metals- 5 μg/L for Cu, Cr, Zn, Mn and Fe; 25 μg/L for Cd and Ni; 50 μg/L for Co; and 250 μg/L for Pb. The accumulation of Cu, Ni and Co by Artemiu nauplii did not differ for animals exposed to single or combined heavy metal solutions. Cr, Zn and Pb had a synergistic effect of heavy metal uptake in combined heavy metal element solutions, however, Fe, Cd and Mn had an antagonistic effect.     

Experimental insight of trace metal environmental pollution problems in mussel farming

A survey was made on the content of nine trace metals in waters of 12 predetermined coastal stations in the Island of Penang, Malaysia, with the object of establishing mussel culture farms in the near future. The results indicated low concentrations of these trace elements except for Cr and Ni, which ranged from trace level to 35 ppm and BDL (below detectable level) to 2.07 ppm, respectively. These values are slightly above the upper limits (Cr, 0.05 and Ni, 1.0 ppm) set by the national Division of Environment, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, under the Environmental Quality (Sewage and Industrial Effluents) Regulations 1978.Investigations on tissue level bioaccumulated trace metal contents in mussel from an experimental culture farm indicated BDL values for As in all tissues, Cd highest in the intestines and stomach (6.24 ppm), Co in the mantle (59.85 ppm), Cr in the siphon (1869.85 ppm), Cu in the mantle (23.94 ppm), Fe in the intestines and stomach (218.82 ppm), Mn in the style (365.28 ppm), Ni in the mantle (23.94 ppm), Pb in the mantle (279.3 ppm) and Zn in the style (152.2 ppm). However, culture experiments at 10 ppm concentration stresses of the different trace elements over a 48-h period did not result in a similar tendency in tissue bioconcentration, except for Cd (378.35 ppm) and Fe (419.66 ppm) in the intestine and stomach, and Mn (748.5 ppm) in the style. Co was highest in the style (187.35 ppm), Cr in the gill (2924.91 ppm), Cu in the gill (457.22 ppm), Ni in the intestines and stomach (222.44 ppm), Pb in the gill (1897.2 ppm), and Zn in the mantle (1077.73 ppm).Short-term stress studies over a 48-h period with trace metal concentrations ranging between 10 and 300 ppm indicated the patterns of biodeposition for Cd, Cr, Co, Pb, Mn and Zn to be closely related even though their toxicity levels varied. Cu indicated a bioaccumulation maximum after 12 h of incubation followed by a regulatory mechanism, while Fe and Ni demonstrated a drastic spiked absorption after 6 h exposure followed by the normal trend of biodeposition as observable for the other trace metals. The biodeposition factors at most instances, were highest for the 10 ppm concentration cultures of 48 h.     

原子吸收法测定大嶝海域牡蛎中微量元素含量

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对大嶝海域牡蛎鳃和肚腹中微量元素的含量进行测定,同时用加标回收法检验方法的可靠性。研究结果表明,牡蛎含有丰富的微量元素,鳃中Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe的含量分别为15.35±0.36μg/g、72.86±1.12μg/g、11.39±0.76μg/g、40.07±0.40μg/g;肚腹中Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe的含量分别为5.37±0.40μg/g、41.93±0.81μg/g、6.74±0.34μg/mg、24.89±0.53μg/mg。牡蛎鳃中Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe的含量均高于肚腹。用原子吸收方法测定牡蛎中微量元素的效果较好,回收率为89.0%～102.5之间,相对标准偏差在1.4%以下。     

Trace metal distribution in pelagic fish species from the north-west African coast (Morocco)

International Aquatic Research - In the current study, ten elements contents (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg) have been measured in muscle and liver of four pelagic fish species...