盐度对南美白对虾生长性能的影响

在八种不同盐度条件下进行南美白对虾的养殖试验,比较其生长性能,结果表明:盐度显著地影响南美白对虾的生长(F>F0.05=3.50),其中南美白对虾在盐度为18的养殖水体中生长速度最快、存活率高、投饵系数较低;方差分析表明南美白对虾的最适生长盐度范围为14～22(｜Xi-Xj｜>LSD0.05)。     

南美白对虾养殖池混养青虾试验

为探索新的养虾模式,采用在南美白对虾养殖池中混养青虾,并辅以池塘种草和生物制剂调控水质等生态养殖技术进行了养殖试验。试验结果:混养塘南美白对虾亩产量比单养塘提高了8.3%,同时青虾单产为30 kg/亩(15亩=1 hm2,下同),可增加600~800元/亩的收入,整体经济效益提高了1647元/亩。结果表明,此种养殖模式在不需要增加投饲、用药和能源消耗的情况下提高了南美白对虾的成活率,并且改善了池塘的养殖环境,是一种值得推广的养殖模式。     

花尾胡椒鲷幼鱼的呼吸和排泄代谢

研究了不同环境条件对花尾胡椒鲷Plectorhynchus cinctus幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响.试验结果表明,随着放养密度的增加,花尾胡椒鲷的耗氧率逐渐降低,耗氧率与放养密度的相关关系可用幂函数方程Y=8.1304X-1.0512(R2=0.9879)表达;排氨率呈先上升后下降的趋势,排氨率与放养密度的相关关系可用二次方程Y=-0.0047X2+0.0542X+0.0776(R2=0.5806)表达.花尾胡椒鲷幼鱼的耗氧率和排氨率随着鱼体重的增加而逐渐下降,体重与耗氧率和排氨率的相关关系可分别用幂函数方程式Y=2.163X-0.8495(R2=0.9273)和Y=0.2394X-1.0344(R2=0.7794)表达.白天平均耗氧率和排氨率低于夜间值,耗氧率的低谷值为高峰值的89.19%,排氨率的低谷值为高峰值的22.01%.花尾胡椒鲷的活动耗氧率为基础耗氧率的1.19～1.39倍,活动排氨率为基础排氨率的1.23～1.96倍.     

南美白对虾池塘海水养殖稳产高效技术

近两年来,南美白对虾以生长快、饵料系数低、适盐广、规格整齐、单位产量高等优良特性已在全国沿海乃至内陆等许多地区养殖并推广开来。笔者2001年在海南省文昌市翁田镇养殖南美白对虾,该镇上半年南美白对虾单产最高的达2000kg/亩(1亩=667m~2)以上,一般的养殖户正常的养殖单产平均也达1000kg/亩左右,经济效益十分显著,但下半年整个海南省南美白对虾病害开始流行,几乎每家养殖场无一幸免地发生虾病,有     

南美白对虾的最佳投饲曲线

过去三年里，国联公司在南三基地46口高位地膜池里一直进行南美白对虾养殖，我们选择了其中养殖成功暨饵料系数底、收益较高的虾塘，收集养殖记录绘制成最佳投饲曲线。     

南美白对虾工厂化养殖投苗密度与生长速度、成活率、饲料系数的关系探讨

利用原有的海参育苗室改造成南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei Boone)养殖车间,进行了从定苗开始为期62 d的工厂化养殖南美白对虾不同投苗密度与对虾生长速度、成活率、饲料系数的关系试验,结果表明工厂化养殖南美白对虾的最佳投苗密度为500~550尾/m^3,产出商品虾规格在47~50尾/kg之间,成活率平均在90%左右,饲料系数最低为1.17~1.18,单位水体产量高,经济效益最好。     

克氏原螯虾仿生态繁殖适宜亲虾放养密度的研究

在克氏原螫虾仿生态繁殖中,亲虾放养密度分别与成熟度和抱卵率呈显著相关(R>R0.05);放养密度(A)与抱卵量(P)和亲虾存活率(Q)间呈极显著相关(R>R0.01),其回归方程分别为P=-0.697A+714.077(R=0.92682)、Q=-0.095A+109.877(R=0.95341)。     

地下卤水养殖对虾Ca2+适宜浓度的试验

本试验研究了经调配的地下卤水在不同盐度下,不同Ca2+浓度对南美白对虾生长的影响.通过对比盐度在10‰和20‰,在水温28℃,K+浓度在180 mg/L时的同等条件下,不同的Ca2+浓度对南美白对虾养殖的影响试验.结果表明,不同盐度相同Ca2+浓度,南美白对虾的成活率及产量差距不大;Ca2+浓度在250～330 mg/L时,南美白对虾成活率最高达95％以上,产量达15.8 kg/m2以上,达到工厂化生产要求.从养殖成活率、产量、节约成本等综合因素考虑,Ca2+浓度为250 mg/L时为本次试验的最佳添加浓度.     

南美白对虾海水高位池养殖高产技术试验

为探寻高产高效的养虾模式,应对环境恶化及疾病蔓延对南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)养殖的制约,以自繁自育的SIS优质虾苗为对象,采用海水高位池养殖系统及其相关配套技术,进行了高位池养虾高产技术生产性研究,以探析高位池养虾的适宜条件与高产技术。试验在6个海水高位池中进行,放养公司自行培育的青年虾(平均规格2 500尾/kg),放养密度分别为150和175尾/m~3。经80 d左右饲养,平均单产3.65 kg/m~3(3.29～4.14 kg/m~3),平均成活率94.29%(92.52%～95.91%),饲料系数0.89。结果表明,海水高位池系统不仅适合开展南美白对虾高密度养殖,还能达到高产高效。     

富肽素、鱿鱼内脏粉、墨鱼浸膏、鱼露对南美白对虾的诱食效果比较研究

1　研究目的研究富肽素 (主要成分为小肽 ,湛江大富洋生物实业有限公司出品 )、鱿鱼内脏粉、墨鱼浸膏、鱼露对南美白对虾的诱食效果。2　材料与方法2 .1　实验虾和饲养条件试验南美白对虾苗来自南海水产研究所深圳盐田试验基地育苗场 ,体重 0 .5 g左右。试验虾饲养在露天水泥池 ( 3m× 2m× 1m)中 ,池底铺一层珊瑚砂。共设计 3个试验组 ,每试验组 3个水泥池 ,每池饲养 30 0尾试验虾。放苗 1周前将池水盐度调为 1 6ppt,每池设置 4个充气石充气。养殖期间每天巡池观察虾的活动情况和水质 ,测定水温 ;投饲 2次 ,分别为 9:0 0和 1 8:0 0 ,投饲率…     

Density-Dependent Growth and Survival of Penaeus setiferus and Penaeus vannamei in a Semi-Closed Recirculating System

Abstract.— Two growth trials utilizing Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus setiferus were conducted at densities of 28.4, 56.8, 85.2, 113.6, 170.4, 227.3 and 284.1/ m² in an indoor recirculating system. There was an inverse linear relationship between stocking density and growth among both species. The relationship between final weight and stocking density is described by the following linear equation: P. setiferus , Y =−0.00619X ± 4.46, adj. r²= 0.8572;. P. vannamei, Y =−0.00717X ± 7.39, adj. r²= 0.6230. Although the responses in terms of growth depressions were similar, P. setiferus growth was lower than that of P. vannamei . There was an inverse relationship between stocking density and survival for P. setiferus . Survival of P. vannamei was highly variable but was negatively correlated with density. Based on the results of the present study, P. setiferus has a similar tolerance of high density as that of P. vannamei and hence may be suitable for intensive culture systems. However, depressed growth rates of P. setiferus , which do not appear to be due to effects of water quality or density, must be solved if growth rates similar to P. vannamei are to be realized.     

不同放苗密度凡纳滨对虾生物絮团养殖的环境和产出效应

本研究尝试将生物絮团养殖技术(Bio-floc aquaculture technology, BFA)应用到凡纳滨对虾高密度养殖系统中,研究生物絮团在凡纳滨对虾不同放苗密度下的水质调控、对虾生长及存活等方面的作用效果。试验将200、400和600尾/m2的放苗密度分为传统养殖组(TF200、TF400和TF600)和絮团养殖组(BFA)(BF200、BF400和BF600)共6组,分别在18个室内水泥池中进行,其中BFA组通过添加益生菌和赤砂糖培养生物絮团,并在养殖过程中极少换水,而传统养殖组进行传统换水养殖管理。经过113d的养殖试验,随着放苗密度的增加,水质、对虾存活率和对虾特定增长率逐步下降,然而BFA在400尾/m2的凡纳滨对虾封闭式养殖中有良好效果。与400尾/m2的传统养殖组(TF400)相比,400尾/m2的BFA组(BF400)在养殖过程中生物絮团平均形成量提升3.25倍;水体中的亚硝酸氮和氨氮平均含量分别降低67.9%和72.7%,而用水量只有传统养殖组的33%左右;对虾的体重、存活率、特定生长率及单位产量分别提高了14.5%、156.3%、2.4%和194.1%;400 尾/m2的BFA组对虾单位产量达到4.01±0.94 kg/m2,具有最好的环境和产出效应。     

Semi-Intensive Commercial Grow-Out of Penaeus vannamei Fed Diets Containing Differing Levels of Crude Protein During Wet and Dry Seasons in Honduras

Shrimp were grown under ideal management conditions during two distinct seasons of the year at stocking densities used most often in Honduras with the objective of evaluating the usefulness of high protein diets. A randomized design in 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was used to test a diet composed of either 20 or 40% crude protein in earthen ponds that were stocked with juvenile Penaeus vannamei at 5 to 11/m². The study was repeated during wet and dry seasons. Dietary protein level had no significant effect ( P > O .05) on survival, yield, or average weight of shrimp at either density during either season. Higher stocking rates yielded significantly greater shrimp production during both seasons. Mean shrimp weight in high density ponds was significantly lower than mean shrimp weight in low density ponds during the wet season, but there was no significant weight difference because of stocking density during the dry season. Mean survival was significantly lower at the higher stocking rate during the dry season. Net income was negative during the dry season, particularly at the high stocking density. Mean production was 240% greater in the wet season than in the dry season. Diets offered P. vannamei stocked at 5 to 11/m² should contain no more than 20% protein, regardless of season. Higher dietary protein levels increase costs and waste nitrogen without resulting in greater shrimp yields. The high stocking density might increase profitability in the wet season, but long term sustainable production may be more feasible at lower stocking rates because of reduced nutrient wastes.     

螺蛳投放量对中华绒螯蟹规格、产量和成活率的影响

研究了螺蛳投放量对池塘生态养殖的中华绒螯蟹平均育成规格、产量和成活率的影响.结果表明,中华绒螯蟹产量(Z)与螺蛳投放量(x)的关系为:Z=528.138+0.228x-0.000029x~2(R~2=0.959)(P＜0.05);中华绒螯蟹规格(Y)与螺蛳投放量(x)的关系为:Y=155.368+0.014x-0.0000017x~2(R~2=0.934)(P＜0.05);中华绒螯蟹成活率与螺蛳投放量的关系为:L=52.208+0.018x-0.0000023x~2(R~2=0.957)(P＜0.05).中华绒螯蟹池塘生态养殖中螺蛳最佳投放量为4500 kg/hm~2.     

Effect of stocking density on the growth performance and yield of Nile tilapia [Oreochromis niloticus (L., 1758)] in a cage culture system in Lake Kuriftu,Ethiopia

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of stocking density on the growth performance and yield of Oreochromis niloticus in cage culture in Lake Kuriftu. The treatments had stocking densities of 50 (50F), 100 (100F), 150 (150F), and 200 (200F) fish per m^?3. All treatments were in duplicate. Juveniles with an average weight of 45. 76±0.25 g were stocked in the treatments. The fish were fed a composite mixture of mill sweeping, cotton seed, and Bora food complex at 2% of their body weight twice per day using feeding trays for 150 days in powdered form. The growth performance of O. niloticus was density dependent. The final mean weight of O. niloticus ranged 147.76±0.28–219.71±1.42 g and the mean daily weight gain was 0.69±0.01–1.15±0.02 g day^?1. Fish held in cages with lower density were heavier than the ones held at higher densities, and showed higher weight gain and daily weight gain. The most effective stocking density, in terms of growth parameters, was 50 fish m^?3. The gross yield (4.5–20.55 kg cage^?1) showed a significant difference with increasing stocking density (P<0.05). Moreover, the apparent food conversion ratio (2.48–7.22) was significantly affected by stocking density (P<0.05). However, survival rate was not affected by stocking density (P>0.05). It can be concluded that the most effective stocking densities were at 50 fish m^?3 cage for larger size fish demand in a short period and 200 fish m^?3 for higher gross production with supplementary feed.     

Growth, Yield, Dressout, and Net Returns of Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Stocked at Three Densities in Catfish Ictalurus punctatus Ponds

Abstract— Alternative fish species that can be cultured together with catfish Ictalurus punctatus provide an opportunity to diversify caffish farms. A 2-yr study was conducted in 0.10-ha earthen ponds to evaluate the effect of bighead carp (BHC) stocking density on growth, yield, dressout yield, and net returns. Initially, bighead carp (average weight of 22 g) were stocked at rates of 380, 750, or 1,130 fishha in ponds with catfish. Caffish were cultured under commercial conditions by stocking caffish at a density of 12,500/ha, aerating nightly and feeding at an average rate of 82 kgha per d. Stocking rates for 2-yr-old fish were reduced to 77, 260, and 435/ha in the second growing season. There were no significant differences among treatments ( P > 0.05) in summer growth of bighead carp in either year. Bighead carp stocked at 1,130 fishha had significantly higher yields than those stocked at 380/ha, but did not reach minimum market size of 2.2 kg during the first year ( P > 0.05). There were no significant differences ( P > 0.05) in caffish growth, yield, survival, or feed conversion ratios due to the bighead carp stocking densities. Partial budget analysis indicated that net benefits were positive for all three treatments over a range of prevailing prices of bighead carp. Bighead carp production in catfish ponds is economically feasible over a wide range of prices. Given the market risk of producing smaller fish at the higher density, the medium density is the preferred stocking density of fingerling bighead carp in catfish ponds.     

凡纳滨对虾地膜光伏集约工程化养殖试验

为研究地膜光伏工程化养殖模式的实用性,在地膜光伏工程化养殖系统中开展凡纳滨对虾养殖试验。地膜光伏工程化养殖系统由对虾养殖系统和光伏发电系统组成。取3口池塘进行凡纳滨对虾高密度养殖试验,放养密度为500尾/m^2,养殖试验周期100 d。凡纳滨对虾平均体长达到(9.77±0.11)cm,平均体质量(10.80±0.82)g。1号池塘产量为4.25 kg/m^2,存活率为78.71%,饲料系数为1.22;2号池塘养殖产量为4.42 kg/m^2,存活率为81.85%,饲料系数为1.18;3号池塘产量为4.07 kg/m^2,存活率为75.37%,饲料系数为1.25。养殖期间8:00水温范围为22.5~31.0℃;15:00水温范围为22.5~32.0℃,日气温差最大为11.0℃,日水温差最大为2.5℃。养殖期间pH稳定在7.00~8.34。养殖期间亚硝酸盐氮(NO-2-N)0~8.47 mg/L,总氨氮(TAN)0~7.83 mg/L。地膜光伏工程化养殖模式养殖凡纳滨对虾,实现了对虾养殖和光伏发电的双重收益,具有较大的实用价值,是一种值得推广的养殖模式。     

密度胁迫对凡纳滨对虾稚虾免疫指标及生长的影响

将体长为（3.59±0.26）cm的凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）按1 800尾.m-3、1 500尾.m-3和1 200尾.m-3的密度分别饲养在注水0.3 m3的圆形玻璃纤维桶（容量为0.5 m3）中30 d,检测了基本水质因子、对虾肝胰腺和肌肉组织中的酚氧化酶（PO）活力、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力、抗菌活力（Ua）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活力、体质量增长和成活率,研究了不同放养密度对凡纳滨对虾稚虾免疫指标及生长的影响。统计分析发现,试验过程中水体理化因子均在适宜范围,各处理间水质因子的差异不显著;对虾的PO活力、Ua和AKP活力均随着密度的增加而降低,SOD活力则反之;对虾的体质量增长、体质量特定增长率和成活率随着密度的增加而降低,成活率差异显著（P〈0.05）。结果表明,凡纳滨对虾（体长〈4.8 cm或体质量〈1.2 g）在密度为1 200～1 800尾.m-3时,密度胁迫可明显影响其免疫指标和生长。     

不同养殖密度对长江鲟稚鱼生长的影响

为了解不同养殖密度对长江鲟(Acipenser dabryanus)稚鱼生长的影响,设置初始密度为0.27(D 200)、0.46(D 350)、0.66(D 500)和0.87(D 650)kg/m2的4种养殖密度,对初始体重3.38 g和体长7.79 cm的2月龄长江鲟稚鱼进行4周的养殖实验。结果表明:养殖密度对体重、体长、变异系数(CV)、日增重(DWG)、净增重(NY)、特定生长率(SGR)和饵料系数(FCR)有显著影响,对存活率和肥满度无显著影响;D 200组的生长速度最快,与D 350组差异不显著,D 650组生长速度最慢;D 200组的体重、体长、特定生长率、日增重均最大,与D 350组无显著差异,但D 350组的变异系数和饵料系数均较D 200组要小;特定生长率与养殖密度(D)呈负相关关系:SGR=-1.171 5D+6.331 5(R2=0.484 5);变异系数与养殖密度呈正相关关系:CV=3.989 1D+13.533(R2=0.480 5)。此阶段长江鲟稚鱼最适养殖密度为D350(0.46 kg/m~2)。     

密度对网箱养殖硬头鳟生长及经济效益的影响

本文主要研究密度对网箱养殖硬头鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss存活和生长的影响。在水温8.2~19.1℃下,将体质量1.02 kg的硬头鳟鱼种养殖在5m×10m×6m网箱中,网箱放置在松花江上游的松山水库中,密度分别为5尾/m~2(Ⅰ组)、8尾/m~2(Ⅱ组)、11尾/m~2(Ⅲ组)和14尾/m~2(Ⅳ组),投喂粗蛋白含量为42%、粗脂肪22%的颗粒饲料,常规养殖。145d的养殖表明:网箱养殖的放养密度对硬头鳟的生长有一定影响。第Ⅳ组鱼的存活率显著低于其他3组(P0.05);放养密度为5~11尾/m~2时硬头鳟的生长与密度呈正相关,大于此密度范围则呈负相关。第Ⅲ组鱼的终末体质量、日增重、增重率、利润和利润率显著高于其余3组(P0.05);4个密度组硬头鳟的产量随放养密度增加而递增。本试验表明:网箱养殖硬头鳟的放养密度为11尾/m~2较适宜。