红毛藻中多组分藻胆蛋白及其亚基的分离

采用DEAE-52离子交换柱对红毛藻(Bangia fusco-purpurea Lyngb.)中的藻胆蛋白进行分离，依次洗脱出蓝色、紫色、深红色、红色和浅红色等几种组分的藻胆蛋白；经光谱分析发现蓝色组分为R-藻蓝蛋白，紫色组分为1种三峰型的藻胆蛋白，深红色组分和红色组分为2种不同但又非常相似的藻红蛋白，其中深红色组分可能与某些色素物质结合较为紧密，而最后洗脱出的浅红色组分则为变性的藻红蛋白。尿素洗脱结果表明，蓝色组分的R-藻蓝蛋白是由2种双峰型的亚基构成。本研究旨为揭示藻胆蛋白的能量传递机制提供理论和技术依据。     

紫菜藻胆蛋白质的提取纯化与抗病毒研究

用溶胀法和反复冻融法粗提取紫菜中的藻胆蛋白,并经羟基磷灰石（HA）柱用不同浓度的磷酸缓冲液梯度洗脱,分离纯化出藻胆蛋白,研究其对感染病毒小鼠的抗病毒活性。结果表明：当纯度（A558nm＋A616nm）/A280nm〉4时,洗脱液离子强度为200mmol／L,收集液在280nm处有明显的吸收峰;感染病毒的小鼠注射藻胆蛋白后活动量比未注射时频繁,体重增加较明显。     

螺旋鱼腥藻鱼种塘的初步探讨

螺旋鱼腥藻（Anabaena spiroides)是兰藻门（Cyanophyta）鱼腥藻属（Anabaena）内的一种,因其形如弹簧呈螺旋状,故谓之螺旋鱼腥藻。     

鱼腥藻添加剂养鱼试验

鱼腥藻添加剂养鱼试验鱼腥藻属蓝藻门植物，含蛋白质５０～６０％，脂肪２～３％，糖１６～１８％，氨基酸４７～５７．５％．及ＶＡ、ＶＢ、ＶＢ６、ＶＦ、Ｂ—胡萝卜素等，是鱼类饲料的良好添加剂。在养殖业发达的国家已作为渔饲添加剂，而在国内尚无类似报导。１９９３...     

鱼腥藻毒素及其检测、去除方法研究进展

水体富营养化加剧而引起有害藻类水华的频繁发生已经成为相关研究者普遍关注的环境问题。鱼腥藻毒素被划分为鱼腥藻毒素a、鱼腥藻类毒素同系物a、高鱼腥藻毒素a、鱼腥藻毒素a(s)以及antx3/b、antx-b(s)。综述了鱼腥藻毒素的化学结构和化学特性,并从食品生物安全的角度综述了其检测及去除方法。     

藻胆蛋白提取方法研究进展

藻胆蛋白（Phycobiliprotein）是红藻和蓝藻特有的捕光色素蛋白，包括藻红蛋白、藻蓝蛋白和别藻蓝蛋白3类。藻胆蛋白本身为亮丽的天蓝色，在蓝紫光激发下能发出强烈的荧光，它含有人体必需的氨基酸，因此，藻胆蛋白用途极为广泛，既可以作为天然色素应用于食品、化妆品、染料等工业，又可制成荧光试剂，用于临床医学诊断和免疫化学等研究领域中，同时还是一种重要的生理活性物质，可制成保健品及药品等。     

利用纤维素酶辅助提取紫菜藻红蛋白的研究

利用纤维素酶辅助破壁,显著提高了紫菜藻红蛋白的提取率.比较了纤维素酶结合反复冻融破壁、超声波破壁、自溶破壁等各种方法的提取效果,最终确定选用纤维素酶+反复冻溶破壁法提取藻红蛋白.并确定提取条件:添加纤维素酶50 μl/g干紫菜,于4 ℃、pH 7.0条件下作用2 h,反复冻融3次,在此条件下提取率达1.55%,纯度1.36.室温、光照、Fe2+、Zn2+和Cu2+等金属离子存在均会破坏藻红蛋白.     

藻胆蛋白的研究和应用

藻胆蛋白(Phycobiliproteins,PBP)是存在于蓝藻(Cyanophyceae)、红藻(Rhodophyceae)、隐藻(Cryptophyceae)和少数甲藻(Pyrrophyceae)中的一类色素复合蛋白,已知的藻胆蛋白主要可以分为4大类,即藻红蛋白(P h y c o c y a n i n s,P E)、藻蓝蛋白(Phycocvardn,PC)、藻红蓝蛋白(Ph     

江苏盐城发现一海生隐藻

隐藻含有丰富的DHA、藻蓝蛋白和藻红蛋白,具有较高的开发利用价值.于江苏盐城射阳盐场发现1种海生隐藻,可以在含氯化钠80 g/L的盐度培养基中良好生存, 但它的形态特征与淡水森氏藻相似,该海生隐藻国内未见报道,因此具有重要价值.     

海水控制罗非鱼池塘中裸藻试验

用5‰、10‰、20‰及32‰4种盐度的海水，对罗非鱼池塘中的裸藻进行了杀灭试验。5‰盐度，64．8h以上可对裸藻的活动产生抑制作用；10‰盐度，72h可杀灭部分裸藻；32‰盐度，48h以上可完全杀灭裸藻。在罗非鱼养殖池塘中，控制裸藻宜用10‰盐度，处理时间55一146h。     

罗非鱼下脚料蛋白水解液对钝顶螺旋藻生长的影响

将罗非鱼下脚料蛋白水解液添加到Zarrouk培养基中对螺旋藻进行混合营养培养,研究罗非鱼下脚料蛋白水解液对螺旋藻的生物量、叶绿素、藻蓝蛋白含量及氮素代谢的影响.试验结果表明,添加0.5‰～5.0‰的罗非鱼下脚料蛋白水解液,均能增加螺旋藻的生物量与叶绿素含量,其中以添加3.0‰时增幅最大,分别比对照组增加了40.4‰与35.4‰,同时可明显提高硝酸还原酶活性,但对藻蓝蛋白含量影响不大.添加罗非鱼下脚料蛋白水解液对藻液体系的pH值有一定的缓冲作用.     

印度洋西北部海域鸢乌贼腕足断裂强度的试验

为降低鸢乌贼钓捕脱钩率,2004年12月~2005年1月对鸢乌贼的触腕和腕足断裂强度进行了现场测定。结果认为,触腕的平均断裂强度是其体重的1.06倍;第Ⅰ腕足的平均断裂强度是体重的2.55倍,第Ⅱ腕足的平均断裂强度是体重的2.87倍,第Ⅲ和Ⅳ腕足的平均断裂强度是体重的2.88倍。其断裂强度与体重的比值分别比太平洋褶柔鱼和柔鱼低。研究认为,触腕平均断裂强度低是造成高脱钩率的主要原因之一。断裂强度与体重之比值分别与体重和胴长呈直线相关。     

Biochemical Properties of Pelagic Fish Proteins as Affected by Isolation Methods and Gel Properties by Heating Methods

The biochemical and gel properties of Pacific sardine and Pacific mackerel were characterized as affected by preparation and cooking methods. Four to eight times more salt soluble proteins were extracted from water-washed paste than fish protein isolate (FPI) paste. Higher total sulfhydryl content was measured in FPI, indicating the exposure of sulfhydryl groups during alkaline extraction. Comparing gel properties based on two cooking methods (slow and fast), the two pelagic fish proteins performed quite differently. Heating rate did not differentiate between surimi and FPI gels from sardine. However, mackerel exhibited higher texture values when using the fast cooking method, indicating the presence of high levels of proteolytic enzymes. Water-washed surimi gels were whiter than FPI for both species. Water retention ability appeared to be higher with mackerel than sardine, regardless of isolation and cooking method. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) also supported a difference in processing chemistry and thermal behavior between two methods for protein isolation and cooking, respectively.     

条斑紫菜优良品系(LC-14)的筛选与特性分析

从条斑紫菜(Pyropia yezoensis)绿色突变体和红色突变体种内杂交产生的F_1叶状体中,分离出新品系LC-14。该品系的F_1叶状体在生长速度和品质等方面均显著优于条斑紫菜野生型栽培品系(WT)。日龄70 d的叶状体平均长度和湿重,LC-14品系分别为106.53 cm和3.07 g,分别是WT品系的4.39和10.27倍。培养至第55天,LC-14品系的3种主要光合色素(叶绿素a、藻红蛋白和藻蓝蛋白)含量分别为9.85 mg/g、52.09 mg/g和23.26 mg/g,分别比WT品系提高了65%、65%和49%,而其藻体的平均厚度(20.89μm)反而降低了32%。此外,LC-14品系的壳孢子放散总量为761.32×10~4 ind/壳,是WT品系的1.28倍。上述结果表明,LC-14品系具有生长快、品质优、壳孢子放散量大的优点,藻体颜色与野生色(棕褐色)相近,是条斑紫菜的优良品系,有望在生产中应用。     

固相萃取-液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定养殖海水中17种喹诺酮类药物

建立了固相萃取-液相色谱串联质谱法(SPE-LC-MS/MS)同时检测养殖海水中17种喹诺酮类药物残留的分析方法。海水经酸化处理后，采用HLB固相萃取柱富集、净化目标化合物，通过对比水样在不同上样pH、淋洗液与洗脱液等条件下的回收率，以此对前处理方法进行优化。收集到的洗脱液经氮气吹干后用流动相定容至1 ml，待测。色谱流动相A相为0.1%甲酸水溶液，B相为乙腈，所有药物经梯度洗脱进行分离，在LC-MS/MS正离子模式的多反应监测模式下进行定性定量分析。17种化合物可以在10 min中内得到较好的分离，线性范围为1–200 ng/ml，线性相关系数均大于0.999，检出限均在2–10 ng/L范围内，定量限均在5–20 ng/L范围内。以空白海水为基质，在20、100、200 ng/L三个不同添加水平下采用内标法定量的加标回收率均在71.3%–125.0%范围内，相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.44%–12.27% (n=5)。采用该方法对黄海灵山湾近岸4个养殖场进行海水采集并检测，共检测出4种喹诺酮类药物，分别是恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星和环丙沙星，其中，恩诺沙星浓度最高。研究表明，该方法快速、可靠，适用于养殖海水中喹诺酮类药物的检测。     

Induction of (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis>)-8-heptadecene in marine green alga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bryopsis maxima</Emphasis> by mechanical wounding

ABSTRACT:   After mechanical wounding of the marine green alga Bryopsis maxima in a phosphate buffer, one main organic component was released to the solution. The organic compound was characterized by a molecular ion at 238  m/z by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and was deduced as 8-heptadecene by the fragment pattern. To identify the stereochemistry of 8-heptadecene, synthetic ( Z / E )-8-heptadecene was coinjected to the solution of wounded B. maxima . Comparing retention times and mass spectra with the synthetic sample, the target hydrocarbon obtained from wounded B. maxima was coincident with ( Z )-8-heptadecene.     

A comparison of one‐slope straight broken‐line,two‐slope straight broken‐line,quadratic broken‐line and quadratic models to estimate an accurate optimum feeding rate for juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Two feeding trials using different commercial feeds and different fish sizes were conducted to compare model performance of various regression models on the estimation of optimum feeding rates (OFR; % BW/day) for juvenile olive flounder. Six feeding rates ranging from 1% to 11% in trial I and another six feeding rates ranging from 1% to 6% in trial II were tested. Final body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, condition factor, nutrient gains, and whole‐body lipid and energy contents were significantly influenced by the feeding rates in both trials. The overall responses shown in trial I were generally comparable to those observed in trial II. In trial I, the OFR was estimated to be 7.3%, 5.7%, 9.8% and 10.2% by the one‐slope straight broken‐line, two‐slope straight broken‐line, quadratic broken‐line and quadratic models, respectively. In trial II, the OFR was estimated to be 4.8%, 4.6%, 8% and 8% by the one‐slope broken‐line, two‐slope broken‐line, quadratic broken‐line and quadratic models, respectively. Based on the model selection criteria (R²_adj and AICc), the quadratic broken‐line model was selected as the best‐fit model in both trials. This model that describes the dose–response relationship best among the tested models can be recommended when determining an OFR.     

乙醇-超声法在浮游植物叶绿素a含量测定中的应用

叶绿素测定是生物监测及水质评价中估算藻类生物量的重要指标。以超声波破碎藻细胞,以热乙醇为萃取剂测定浮游植物叶绿素a的含量,并与常规的丙酮-研磨法进行比较对照,结果证实该方法是可行的。其提取时间仅为10m in,因此尤适于快速检测。     

Why do young Pacific bluefin tuna repeatedly dive to depths through the thermocline?

Young Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis with archival tags were released in the East China Sea. Time-series data for depth, and ambient and peritoneal temperatures for nine fish, recorded every 128 s, were analyzed. Our objectives were to describe monthly changes in diving patterns in relation to the ambient thermal structure and the occurrence of feeding events during March–June, and to discuss possible reasons why bluefin tuna repeatedly dived to depths below the thermocline in terms of their thermoconservation mechanisms. It was found that the fish repeatedly dived through the thermocline at intervals of 1.2 h on average, and the dive frequency was high during March–May. However, the dive frequency and periodicity decreased in June, when the gradient became steeper. In contrast, feeding events increased in June. These results indicate that from March to May, bluefin tuna repeatedly dive because food biomass is inadequate at the surface, and they stop undertaking repeated dives in June when food becomes more readily available at the surface, in addition to low visibility caused by low solar radiation. Further, the range of heat transfer times for these fish was so long that their peritoneal temperature was probably maintained by engaging in brief dives. The periodicity of dives may lead to a lower fluctuation in the peritoneal temperature, suggesting that the dives are a kind of behavioral thermoregulation.     

栉孔扇贝夏季大规模死亡的神经网络预测模型

根据2002年和2003年对山东荣成桑沟湾栉孔扇贝养殖海区的水温、盐度、pH、氨氮浓度、亚硝氮浓度等环境因子和扇贝血清中的蛋白浓度、酸性磷酸酶活力、碱性磷酸酶活力、超氧化物歧化酶活力和过氧化氢酶活力等免疫学指标及栉孔扇贝养殖密度和死亡率的监测数据,运用人工神经网络(artificial neurd network,ANN)的原理和误差反相传播(back propagefion,BP)网络的方法,利用MATLAB软件初步建立养殖栉孔扇贝夏季大规模死亡的BP人工神经网络预测模型.预测模型经过300次的学习训练,误差平方和由67.46下降至0.009 1.该预测模型对未参与模型构建的样本预测的结果与实际监测结果的符合率达到87.5%.首次将人工神经网络与水产动物病害死亡的预测相结合,建立的预测模型具有对数据适应能力强,可适时学习,预测结果准确等突出优点,为水产养殖动物病害死亡程度的预测提供了一个新的研究方法.