锦鲤疱疹病毒-CJ株ORF81基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

为了解锦鲤疱疹病毒中国吉林株(KHV-CJ) ORF81蛋白的结构特征和进化关系,用框镜鲤尾鳍原代细胞增殖KHV-CJ,提取其DNA,经PCR扩增,获得ORF81基因,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中,构建重组质粒.应用生物信息学方法初步分析KHV-CJ ORF81基因的结构和功能,并与GenBank上已公布的3株KHV构建系统进化树.结果显示,获得了长771 bp的ORF81基因,编码256个氨基酸；预测ORF81基因的理论分子量为28 246.50 u,等电点为8.404；疏水性大于亲水性；信号肽切割部位最可能位于29位的S(丝氨酸)；有4个跨膜区；抗原表位预测显示抗原性良好；结构预测显示,不存在N-糖基化位点、存在6个O-糖基化位点和11个磷酸化位点；系统进化树分析显示,与锦鲤疱疹病毒以色列株属同一分支.     

锦鲤疱疹病毒ORF72基因克隆及结构功能分析

于辽宁丹东采集感染锦鲤疱疹病毒的活鲤Cyprinus carpio样品,经DNA提取、PCR扩增、重组质粒构建步骤成功克隆锦鲤疱疹病毒ORF72基因,并利用生物信息学软件分析ORF72蛋白结构与功能,构建系统进化树。结果显示:ORF72基因开放阅读框共1113bp,编码蛋白由370个氨基酸组成,理论相对分子质量为40.5KD;ORF72蛋白主要由α螺旋、β折叠、无规则卷曲3种二级结构组成;N端35个氨基酸序列为信号肽序列。跨膜结构分析表明:ORF72蛋白无跨膜区,保守结构域预测表明ORF72含有一个保守结构域,抗原表位分析表明,抗原性较好。结构预测显示:ORF72氨基酸序列存在2个潜在的N-糖基化位点、1个潜在的O-糖基化位点、19个潜在的磷酸化位点。系统进化树分析发现,其与锦鲤疱疹病毒美国株、以色列株属同一分支。     

锦鲤疱疹病毒3型ORF126基因克隆及生物信息学分析

为研究锦鲤疱疹病毒3型(KHV-3)ORF126基因编码蛋白的功能,我们对该蛋白的结构特征进行研究分析。本实验采用PCR扩增技术获得KHV ORF126基因的完整序列,构建pMD19-T-ORF 126重组质粒,应用生物信息学方法分析ORF126基因编码蛋白的理化特征。结果显示:KHV ORF126基因翻译合成273个氨基酸;ExPasy预测该蛋白的理论分子量为29.9kDa,等电点为5.11;信号肽的切割部位最可能位于第19~20位氨基酸之间;跨膜区位于第145~168位氨基酸;抗原表位预测显示抗原性良好;编码蛋白不含N-糖基化位点,含有4个O-糖基化位点和17个磷酸化位点。     

传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒NJ株ORF3基因的原核表达及生物信息学分析

为探究本实验室分离的传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒NJ株(IHHNV-NJ)ORF3基因编码蛋白的结构特征,本实验根据ORF3基因序列设计引物,利用PCR方法克隆ORF3基因序列,并构建至原核表达载体p ET-32a(+)中。对成功构建的p ET32a-ORF3重组表达载体进行原核表达,获得49 ku的融合蛋白,符合预期大小。通过生物信息学软件对ORF3基因编码蛋白序列进行分析,结果显示,ORF3基因序列长度为990 bp,编码329个氨基酸;ORF3基因编码蛋白理论分子质量为37 385.2 u,等电点为7.22,为亲水性蛋白;该编码蛋白序列不存在跨膜区、信号肽切割位点;二级结构含有55.9%的α-螺旋、52.0%的β-折叠以及13.4%的β-转角;抗原表位分布较广泛,抗原性强;该编码蛋白序列不存在潜在的N-糖基化位点,存在13个潜在的O-糖基化位点和17个潜在的磷酸化位点。进化树结果表明,NJ株的ORF3基因编码蛋白序列与6株IHHNV序列同源性均高于96%,与厄瓜多尔株同源性最高,为99.7%。研究表明,ORF3基因编码IHHNV衣壳蛋白;O-糖基化位点可参与衣壳蛋白的组装过程及细胞侵染过程,磷酸化位点可参与病毒在对虾细胞内的增殖过程;ORF3编码蛋白序列保守性强,不影响病毒毒力和个体间感染能力。     

传染性造血器官坏死病毒-Sn株基质蛋白基因克隆及生物信息学分析

基质蛋白(matrix protein,M)是传染性造血器官坏死病毒(infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus,IHNV)主要结构蛋白之一,是病毒感染后造成细胞凋亡的主要作用蛋白。为分析IHNV M蛋白的序列及结构特征,研究利用敏感细胞(EPC)培养传染性造血器官坏死病毒-Sn分离株(IHNV-Sn),根据M蛋白基因开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)的序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR的方法克隆得到M蛋白全长ORF,并且构建至表达载体pET27b(+)中,构建出pET27-M重组质粒。生物信息学分析结果显示,M蛋白基因的序列长度为588 bp,编码195个氨基酸残基,推导分子量约为21.88 ku,等电点为9.35;氨基酸序列分析表明,M蛋白富含丝氨酸、苏氨酸以及碱性氨基酸,存在丰富的α-螺旋、β折叠和无规则卷曲;M蛋白不含有信号肽;疏水性大于亲水性;没有跨膜区存在;抗原表位预测显示抗原性良好;结构预测显示,不存在N-糖基化位点,存在7个潜在的O-糖基化位点和15个潜在的磷酸化位点。系统进化树分析显示,IHNV-Sn株与美国分离株同为一簇。     

急性病毒性坏死病毒魁蚶株IAP-86基因全长cDNA克隆和生物信息学分析

为深入探讨急性病毒性坏死病毒(Acute Viral Necrosis Virus, AVNV)魁蚶株的致病机理以及IAP-86蛋白的功能,从感染 AVNV 的濒死魁蚶外套膜中提取总 RNA,反转录获得 cDNA。根据 NCBI公布的 AVNV 全基因组序列中 ORF86序列设计两对反向套式引物,通过 cDNA 末端快速扩增(RACE)技术获得 ORF865￠端和3￠端的非编码区,拼接获得全长 cDNA 序列。Blast 序列比对显示,该基因与牡蛎疱疹病毒的同源性为100%,与栉孔扇贝 AVNV 的同源性为99%,并存在重叠基因。生物信息学分析预测,该蛋白不含信号肽,不存在跨膜区,最大疏水指数为1.800,最小疏水指数为–3.456。该蛋白存在8个潜在的磷酸化位点(包括5个丝氨酸、1个苏氨酸和2个酪氨酸),存在 1个潜在的 O-糖基化位点,不存在潜在的 N-糖基化位点;其抗原表位主要集中在8?11、14?16、28?39、75?76、88?95、97?100和147?158位氨基酸。推测该株病毒可能为牡蛎疱疹病毒的变异株,并且基因重叠在该类病毒进化过程中可能扮演重要角色。     

锦鲤疱疹病毒ORF126-ORF27融合蛋白的表达及免疫原性分析

<正>根据锦鲤疱疹病毒(Koi herpesvirus,KHV)囊膜蛋白ORF27基因和糖蛋白ORF126基因序列设计特异性扩增引物,通过PCR成功克隆了锦鲤疱疹病毒(Koi herpesvirus,KHV)ORF27基因和ORF126基因片段,分别将ORF27基因、ORF126基因以及ORF126-ORF27融合基因与原核表达载体pMAL-c2x连接构建重组表达质粒pMAL-c2x-ORF126,pMAL-c2x-ORF27,pMAL-c2x-ORF126-ORF27,并转化受体菌     

锦鲤疱疹病毒主要囊膜蛋白基因的PCR扩增与序列分析

为了进一步研究锦鲤疱疹病毒主要囊膜蛋白（KHV-MEP）的功能及锦鲤疱疹病毒（KHV）的感染机制,根据KHV-MEP基因序列设计并合成1对引物,从自然感染KHV发病的锦鲤（Cyprinus carpio Koi）肝组织总DNA中扩增获得特异性基因片段。将所得基因片段克隆到pMD18-T Simple Vector载体中,获得重组质粒T-KMEP;酶切鉴定后进行序列测定,并采用氨基酸亲水性分析软件TMpred对其编码氨基酸序列进行分析;在对该片段所编码氨基酸可能抗原位点分析的基础上,进行PCR改造构建原核表达载体,获得重组表达载体pBV-KMEP1和pBV-KMEP2。所获得的基因片段大小为771bp,该基因片段与GenBank中已登录的KHV-MEP基因（AB178537）的同源性为100%,是一个完整的开放阅读框,所编码的蛋白由256个氨基酸组成,分子量为28.2kD,等电点（PI）为8.65。该序列含有4个跨膜区,可构成主要抗原决定簇。结果显示所获得的目的基因片段就是锦鲤主要囊膜蛋白全基因。     

锦鲤疱疹病毒囊膜蛋白ORF59的克隆、分析及其主要B细胞表位区的原核表达

从感染锦鲤疱疹病毒（Koi herpesvirus,KHV）的锦鲤（Cyprinus carpiokoi）肾脏组织中提取DNA,通过PCR扩增了KHVORF59基因。该基因全长411bp,所编码的蛋白包含136个氨基酸,分子量14.3kDa,等电点（PI）6.91,有12个潜在的O糖基化位点。此研究克隆的KHVORF59基因第130位碱基由G突变为A,使其编码的第44位氨基酸由Ala突变为Thr。采用DNAStar程序,在综合分析二级结构柔性区、蛋白的亲水性、表面可能性和抗原性指数的基础上,预测了KHVORF59蛋白主要B细胞表位,并将其区段的编码序列与KHVORF59完整编码序列分别克隆入原核表达载体pET-32a（＋）,构建重组质粒pET32a-ORF59S和pET32a-ORF59C,转入大肠杆菌Rosetta菌株,IPTG诱导表达。SDS-PAGE及WesternBlot分析显示,pET32a-ORF59S可以高效表达,表达的截短KHVORF59蛋白主要以可溶性形式存在,采用HisBindResin填料,层析纯化了该截短蛋白。     

基于间接ELISA的鲤血清CyHV-3 pORF65抗体检测方法的建立

鲤疱疹病毒3型(cyprinid herpesvirus 3,Cy HV-3)囊膜蛋白ORF65基因全长1 785 bp,编码594个氨基酸。该研究在稀有密码子分析及信号肽与跨膜结构预测的基础上,将p ORF65中的N端信号肽与C端跨膜区段删除后进行密码子优化与基因合成,将合成的截短ORF65(truncated ORF65)插入p ET32a(+)载体,构建了p ET32a-trun ORF65;进一步采用DNAstar、ABCpred、Bepi Pred 1.0软件预测了p ORF65的5个B细胞表位优势区段,以合成的截短ORF65为模板,通过SOE-PCR将5个B细胞表位优势区段编码序列融合后插入p ET32a(+)载体,构建了p ET32a-mod ORF65。重组质粒分别转入BL21(DE3)菌株,经IPTG诱导,SDS-PAGE和Western-blot分析,p ET32a-mod ORF65获得高效表达,表达的融合蛋白分子量为56.4 k D。此外,利用r Protein G亲和层析纯化了锦鲤(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus)血清Ig M,免疫小鼠,制备了鼠抗锦鲤Ig M多克隆抗体。在上述研究的基础上,将纯化的p ORF65作为包被抗原,鼠抗锦鲤Ig M多克隆抗体作为检测抗体,建立了间接ELISA方法,该方法可以检测p EGFP-ORF65 DNA疫苗免疫锦鲤后产生的特异性抗体。     

Construction of KHV‐CJ ORF25 DNA vaccine and immune challenge test

KHV ORF25 fragments were cloned from Koi Herpes Virus‐CJ (KHV‐CJ) strains isolated in our laboratory. The amplified products were inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pIRES‐neo, forming recombinant plasmid pIRES‐ORF25. The recombinant plasmid pIRES‐ORF25 at 1 μg per koi, 10 μg per koi and 50 μg per koi was intramuscularly injected into healthy kois, respectively. The results showed that the recombinant pIRES‐ORF25 could induce the production of specific antibodies in koi determined by indirect ELISA. The differences of immune effect between three doses were not significant (P > 0.05), but all of them could induce the production of neutralizing antibodies. The immune challenge test showed that the mortality of koi injected with PBS, blank pIRES‐neo vector and nothing was 90%, 92.5% and 85% at 25 days. While the mortalities of koi injected with eukaryotic expression plasmid pIRES‐ORF25 were 20%, 17.5% and 12.5%. Differences in comparison with the control group were highly significant (P < 0.01). Histopathological staining revealed that the tissues of the immunized koi did not change apparently. In conclusion, the DNA vaccine pIRES‐ORF25 construct could well protect koi against KHV and had the potential to be applied in practice.     

湖北地区克氏原螯虾白斑综合征病毒变异区ORF14/15、ORF23/24基因序列比较分析

试验扩增、克隆了在湖北地区采集的19份克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)白斑综合征病毒(White spot syndrome virus,WSSV)阳性样品的变异区ORF14/15和ORF23/24基因,通过测序比较分析了湖北各WSSV毒株与Gen Bank公布的标准毒株间在变异区ORF14/15及ORF23/24基因的差异性。结果显示,19份WSSV阳性样品中有部分样品在变异区扩增出ORF14/15、ORF23/24基因片段,变异区基因序列分析发现,与Gen Bank已公布的标准毒株相比,存在大片段缺失。在变异区ORF14/15,有3个毒株扩增出1 442 bp的片段,4个毒株扩增出630 bp的片段,基于变异区ORF14/15构建的系统进化树显示,这些毒株归属两个不同的分支。在变异区ORF23/24,有2个毒株扩增出大小为2 096 bp的片段,进化分析发现这2个毒株在变异区ORF23/24的遗传距离较近。     

鲤疱疹病毒3型ORF136基因编码蛋白多克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

为了对鲤疱疹病毒3型(Cyprinid herpesvirus 3,CyHV-3)ORF136基因编码蛋白进行功能研究和血清学诊断,本实验通过对ORF136基因推导的第31~157位氨基酸序列进行PCR扩增,并与原核载体pET-32a(+)连接,转化至大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)感受态后进行IPTG诱导表达,将纯化后的重组蛋白免疫新西兰白兔(Oryctolagus cuniculus)以制备ORF136多克隆抗体,运用Western blot和间接免疫荧光技术对抗体进行鉴定。结果表明,重组融合表达蛋白大小与预期一致,约为35 kD,且主要分布在包涵体中。Western blot分析显示,免疫兔后获得的纯化ORF136多克隆抗体能特异性识别纯化的CyHV-3和感染CyHV-3的KS细胞;间接免疫荧光分析进一步表明ORF136多抗能识别感染CyHV-3的KS细胞。ORF136多克隆抗体的制备为ORF136蛋白功能研究和CyHV-3血清学诊断方法的建立提供了重要基础。     

First detection of koi herpesvirus from koi,Cyprinus carpio L. experiencing mass mortalities in Iran: clinical,histopathological and molecular study

Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is the aetiological agent of an emerging disease (KHVD) associated with mass mortalities in koi and common carp and reported from at least 30 countries. We report the first detection of KHV from koi in Iran using clinical, histopathological and molecular studies. KHV‐infected fish showed reduced swimming activity, sunken eyes and increased mucus production on skin and fins. On post‐mortem examination, gill necrosis was observed in the majority of fish. Histopathologically, the gill showed diffuse necrosis of the branchial epithelial cells. Margination of chromatin was detected in gills, kidney, heart, spleen, intestine and brain. In addition, sequence analyses of the TK gene, ORF 136 and marker I and II, demonstrates that Iranian KHV isolates were identical and classified as variant A1 of TUSMT1 (J strain) and displayed the I⁺⁺II⁺ allele of this Asian genotype.     

27株嗜水气单胞菌致病性及ERIC—PCR指纹图谱分析

从福建省淡水养殖鱼类体内分离到27株嗜水气单胞菌,根据嗜水气单胞菌16SrDNA基因和气溶素基因（aerolysin）的保守序列,设计2对引物,对所分离到的27株嗜水气单胞菌进行双重PCR扩增,扩增结果表明,其中18株为含有Aer毒力基因的潜在致病性嗜水气单胞菌,占总菌数的66．67％。应用ERIC-PCR分型技术对27株嗜水气单胞菌菌株进行分析,以相似度54．00％为限,所有菌株可分为Ⅰ和Ⅱ两大聚类,以76．00％相似度为界,27株嗜水气单胞菌可分为11个聚类,同一个聚类中菌株分离区域基本相同。分析结果表明,分离的嗜水气单胞菌基因型的多样性和分离地域具有一定的关联,也表明ERIC-PCR可以有效应用于嗜水气单胞茵分子流行病学调查。     

Identification of a novel cyprinid herpesvirus 3 genotype detected in koi from the East Asian and South‐East Asian Regions

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) is a highly contagious virus that causes significant morbidity and mortality in common carp Cyprinus carpio L. and considered to be one of the most important pathogens of koi and common carp worldwide. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 infected consignments imported from East Asian and South‐East Asian regions were identified during quarantine period in Singapore, and virus from a 2005 consignment was successfully isolated in koi fin cells. A combination of sequence analyses and duplex PCR were used to characterize 15 CyHV‐3 isolates detected in koi consignments between 2005 and 2011. Sequence analyses of the enlarged 9/5, SphI‐5 and TK gene regions identified both the Asian 1 (n = 11) and European 4 (n = 4) genotypes. Duplex PCR analysis of two variable marker regions between ORF29 and ORF30 (marker I) as well as ORF133 and its upstream region (marker II) revealed viruses of genotypes J (I⁺⁺II⁺), U/I (I⁻⁻II⁻), an intermediate genotype (I⁺⁺II⁻) and a novel genotype, I⁺⁺II^+Δ, which was identified in viruses from seven different consignments. This novel genotype has a 13‐bp deletion in marker II, while maintaining the I⁺⁺ allele of marker I. The I⁺⁺II^+Δ genotype may have emerged from East Asian and South‐East Asian regions in recent years.     

Isolation and characterization of koi herpesvirus (KHV) from Indonesia: identification of a new genetic lineage

Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is the aetiological agent of an emerging disease (KHVD) associated with mass mortalities in koi and common carp and reported from at least 30 countries. We report the first isolation of KHV from koi and common carp in Indonesia and initial characterization of the isolates. Clinical signs, histopathology and virion morphology are similar to those of isolates from other countries. Phylogenetic analyses using the thymidine kinase gene amplified from each isolate and from carp tissue samples collected from KHVD outbreaks throughout Indonesia indicated that the Indonesian isolates are more closely related to the Asian than the European KHV lineage. Sequence analysis of two other variable regions between ORF29 and ORF31 (marker I) and near the start of ORF 133 (marker II) indicated that all Indonesian isolates displayed a marker I allele (I(++)) previously identified only in isolates of the Asian lineage. However, in the marker II region, all Indonesian isolates displayed the II(-) allele, which has been reported previously only amongst isolates of the European lineage, and nine of these displayed a mixed genotype (II(+)II(-)). The I(++)II(-) genotype has not been reported previously and appears to represent a new intermediate lineage that may have emerged in Indonesia.     

Characterization of the monoclonal antibody specific to the ORF72 protein of koi herpesvirus and cellular distribution analysis of the viral protein

Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is an emerging pathogen of koi and common carp that causes a severe disease and mass mortality of infected fish. The KHV ORF72 protein is an important capsid protein that has been suggested to be a candidate for the development of diagnostic reagents and KHV vaccines. The purpose of this study was to clone and express the KHV ORF72 gene for further preparation of a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) and to analyse cellular distribution of the viral protein. The mAb 3E1 could specifically recognize the expressed ORF72 protein of transfected cells by indirect immunofluorescence, and the antigenic site recognized by the mAb 3E1 was mapped to the region of N-terminal 124 residues of KHV ORF72. This mAb was further demonstrated to specifically detect the KHV-infected fish tissue by immunohistochemistry, thereby suggesting its high diagnostic potential. In addition, the cellular distribution analysis of the KHV ORF72 protein revealed that the region of amino acid residues 125–247 was related to mitochondrial localization and proliferation. Furthermore, a putative nuclear export signal (NES) of ORF72 at the residues 201–212 was confirmed on the basis of its function associated with NES activity.     

锦鲤源铜绿假单胞菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

对从发病锦鲤分离出的病原菌主要形态与生理生化特性、16S rRNA基因序列及耐药特性等进行了研究,旨在为锦鲤疾病防治提供理论依据,对铜绿假单胞菌的进一步研究提供基本资料。发病锦鲤体长37~42 cm,体重1.5~2.0kg,眼球脓肿凸出,鳃丝被轻微腐蚀,其上可见附着物,肛门红肿并伴有黄色粘液流出。健康锦鲤体长7~10cm,体重(25±3)g。分离到的1株形态一致优势生长菌株（记为HL2）呈现圆形光滑、边缘整齐、中央隆起、略透明、乳白色,直径约1.4mm。分离菌经革兰氏染色镜检,均为革兰氏阴性、短杆状。肌肉注射感染后,供试健康锦鲤14d内全部死亡,并在试验后期注射部位轻微出血,眼球周边有白浊及化脓的现象。HL2有运动性,精氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸脱羧酶、精氨酸双水解酶阳性,苯丙氨酸脱羧酶阴性,发酵麦芽糖、甘露醇、蔗糖、半乳糖等,不发酵侧金盏花醇与阿拉伯糖等。分离株HL2的序列长度为1461bp(GenBank登录号为KF413420),在系统发育树上与铜绿假单胞菌（KC959478）聚为一支。头孢曲松、卡那霉素、四环素等35种药物有效抑制HL2,庆大霉素、强力霉素、头孢拉定等5种药物具有一定的抑菌作用,青霉素G、氨苄西林、头孢唑林等15种药物无效。使用抗生素时必须更加科学、合理、有效;从药物选择、使用剂量、用药疗程等方面着手,以减少耐药菌株的产生。