黄海北部大连沿岸虾夷扇贝天然苗采集技术研究

在调查了2005、2006年黄海北部大连海域虾夷扇贝的繁殖期、浮游幼虫的时空分布的基础上,对虾夷扇贝海区天然采苗进行了研究。结果表明,2005、2006年该区域的獐子岛海域、大长山岛海域、广鹿岛海域养殖的虾夷扇贝的繁殖期在4月初至5月上旬,盛期在4月15～25日。4月上旬至6月中旬,在此区域均可发现大量的虾夷扇贝浮游面盘幼虫,不同区域浮游幼虫密度变化很大。5月底至6月初是面盘幼虫集中的附着变态时期,在海区投放附着袋可进行虾夷扇贝天然苗的采集。从各海区虾夷扇贝浮游幼虫的拖网调查和采苗结果看,在虾夷扇贝主要养殖区獐子岛、大长山岛海域和广鹿岛海域,浮游幼虫在浮游的初始阶段能够形成较高的密度,但在附着阶段密度极低,不能采集到大量苗种,但在远离虾夷扇贝养殖区的大李家湾和凌水湾,浮游幼虫的出现比养殖区晚,在幼虫附着期能达到较高密度。能够采集到大量天然苗种。2005年在凌水湾的采苗数量达526±131个/袋(壳长0.6～1 mm),2006年在大李家湾的采苗数量达673±200个/袋(壳长0.6～1mm)。     

紫贻贝海区半人工采苗技术研究

紫贻贝具有生长快、产量高、繁殖力强等特点，是海水贝类优良养殖品种之一，其苗种来源主要靠自然采捕及海区投放附苗器采苗。为了进一步提高该苗种的采苗效率及苗种产量，笔者进行了海区紫贻贝半人工采苗试验，现就试验开展情况总结如下：     

虾夷扇贝幼体资源采集技术研究

正虾夷扇贝为品质优良的冷水性双壳贝类,原产于日本北部沿海。在日本,虾夷扇贝海区于20世纪30年代进行了试验性采苗,逐渐形成了成熟的采苗技术,目前全日本虾夷扇贝的增养殖苗种全部依赖天然采苗。虾夷扇贝自20世纪80年代初引入我国以来,其苗种生产方式主要依赖于人工育苗。随着增养殖规模的     

大钦岛海区虾夷扇贝采苗试验

2010年在山东长岛县大钦岛南部海区进行虾夷扇贝采苗试验。采用规格为35cm×50cm的12目聚乙烯网袋组成的采苗器,垂挂于浮筏上,第一组网袋距离水面约3m,采苗器下端绑系质量约4kg坠石。试验结果表明,5月26日至6月1日投放采苗器平均采苗量40～50个/袋,6月6日投放采苗器平均采苗量10个/袋。3m、5m、8m采苗水层分别为30个/袋、48个/袋、71个/袋。远岸区平均采苗46个/袋,近岸区平均采苗24个/袋。     

“虾夷扇贝海区采苗技术研究及应用”获省科技进步二等奖

由辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院与大连獐子岛渔业集团股份有限公司共同完成的"虾夷扇贝海区采苗技术研究及应用"项目成果获2011年度辽宁省科技进步二等奖。该项目通过在开放性海域进行虾夷扇贝采苗技术、天然苗种中间育成技术及天然苗有效利用技术等关     

虾夷扇贝海区采苗技术应用与推广

正随着虾夷扇贝增养殖生产的发展,亲贝资源量逐渐增加,在繁殖季节海区出现大量虾夷扇贝浮游幼虫,为充分利用浮游幼虫资源,获得优良虾夷扇贝苗种,协助采苗业户及相关苗种收购业户对特定海域采苗进行技术支持。技术路线如下。一、海区采苗预报及采苗时机的确定     

贝类半人工自然海区采苗技术要点

贝类的半人工自然海区采苗,就是在贝类的繁殖季节里,通过人工手段投放适宜的采苗器材,生产贝苗的一种技术。它较室内人工育苗具有得苗数量多,苗种生长快和投资小、效益大等特点。近年来,辽宁的长海、山东的长岛、烟台等地沿海,扇贝、魁蚶、贻贝等贝类的海区采苗蓬勃发展,每台采苗筏效益少则几千元多则上万元,不仅为生产者带来较大经济收入,也方当地海水养殖业的发展起到了积极的推动作用。     

旅顺口区虾夷扇贝海区采苗技术研究与现状调查

正虾夷扇贝味道鲜美、肉质丰满、产量较高,并有很高的经济价值,深受人们的喜爱。随着虾夷扇贝养殖生产技术的发展,亲贝资源量逐渐上升,在繁殖季节海区里出现大量虾夷扇贝浮游幼虫。近年来我区相关企业和养殖户每年都在旅顺海域开展"自然采苗",我们在多年采苗实践经验的基础上,对采苗的技术方法进行了改进,对充分利用虾夷扇贝浮游幼虫资源、获得优良苗种有很大帮助。一、虾夷扇贝海区采苗的目的与意义     

关于海产贝类苗种生产和科研工作若干问题初探

海产贝类在我国海水养殖中占有重要地位。我国贝类的主要养殖品种有牡蛎、贻贝，缢蛏、泥蚶、蛤仔和珍珠贝，近年来还试养扇贝和鲍。苗种生产以海区自然附苗为主。为提高天然采苗率，在我国有些海区对牡蛎、蚶、蛏进行过(或仍在进行)附苗预报，平畦预报工作，对生产发挥过一定作用，但没有设立专门的科研组织，     

秦皇岛东姜庄沿海贻贝的繁殖、附着规律和海区采苗技术

本文探讨了东姜庄沿海贻贝的繁殖规律:一年有二次性腺成熟和产卵。第一次在春季水温升到8℃以上开始产卵,到水温20℃结束,时间在4月中旬～5月下旬。第二次在水温下降到19℃以后开始,时间在10月份以后,这次产卵数量少。附苗期水温13℃～24℃之间,时间是5月中旬到7月上旬。附苗盛期在水温14℃～18℃之间。时间是5月下旬～6月上旬,但随每年春季水温的不同,附着时间会提前或推迟。附苗水层以表层附苗最多,个体最大。靠近养殖区和迥流海区附苗量最大。贻贝的附苗绳可选用稻草绳,它来源广,成本低,附苗数量能满足生产需要。投放时间应在附着期以前。采苗器形式,目前以苗绳垂挂为好,在采苗期间,浮筏注意不能下沉。     

虾夷扇贝三倍体诱导与培育技术的研究

取繁殖期虾夷扇贝（Patinopecten yessoensis)亲体，采用阴干、流水和升温海水催产以及小水体、高密度、雌雄分池排放、人工授精的方法，可获得批重受精卵。分别使用浓度为0．05，0．10，0．15，20，0．30，0．50和0．70mmol/L的6－DMAP诱导虾夷扇贝三倍体，实验水温分别为12℃和14℃。结果表明，水温12℃，6－DMAP0．05mmol/L时，在授精后67min处理胚胎45min诱导三倍体效果较好，三倍体率达83．3％，面盘幼虫相对孵化率达69．5％；水温12℃和14℃时，6－DMAP可诱导17．3％－100．0％的三倍体面盘幼虫；6－DMAP处理组胚胎发育至面盘幼虫的时间比对照组慢，故应推迟1d选优；处理组幼虫初始壳长、壳高及日生长速度皆高于对照组；6－DMAP的残留人影响处理幼虫的成活率，用0．2ml/L的DMSO海水浸洗处理可减轻6－DMAP的副作用。     

虾夷扇贝海区采苗技术初步研究

2005—2006年,在大连旅顺沿海进行了虾夷扇贝海区采苗试验。试验结果为:2005年月亮湾海区采苗密度,第1批为231枚/袋,第2批为423枚/袋;2006年月亮湾海区采苗密度为242枚/袋,董砣子海区为456枚/袋。生殖腺指数等调查结果表明,长海县各海区虾夷扇贝开始产卵时间在3月末4月初。虾夷扇贝浮游幼虫附着高峰期出现在5月底。     

栉孔扇贝（♀）×虾夷扇贝（♂）杂交子代胚后发育过程中遗传构成变化研究

采用RAPD和GISH技术对栉孔扇贝（♀）和虾夷扇贝（♂）杂交子代胚后发育4个重要时期（担轮幼虫期、D形幼虫期、壳顶幼虫期和眼点幼虫期）的遗传构成进行了检测。在RAPD检测中,50条随机引物在亲贝中共扩增出35条栉孔扇贝的特异条带和28条虾夷扇贝特异条带,其中栉孔扇贝特异条带在杂交子代4个时期出现的条数分别为：担轮幼虫期21条、D形幼虫期19条、壳顶幼虫期23条和眼点幼虫期23条;而虾夷扇贝特异条带在杂交子代4个时期出现的条数分别为：17、16、1和1。GISH结果表明,杂交扇贝在担轮幼虫期和D形幼虫期均继承了来自父母本遗传物质,而在壳顶幼虫期和眼点幼虫期未检测到来自父本的遗传物质。结果表明,杂交子代遗传结构在进入壳顶幼虫期时发生重大改变,大部分父本遗传物质从杂交贝基因组中丧失。     

Distribution and abundance of two species of codlet (Teleostei, Bregmacerotidae) larvae from the south-eastern Brazilian Bight

Two species of codlet (Bregmacerotidae) larvae were collected during nine survey cruises conducted in the south-eastern Brazilian Bight between 23^oS and 30^oS in 1985-91. Of 4846 codlet larvae collected during nine cruises, 99.2% were identified as Bregmaceros canton and only 0.8% were B. athanticus. The two species were more abundant during winter in the neritic region (60–135 m depth). Vertical distribution of codlet larvae was studied using the BIOMOC net, and vertical profiles of temperature/salinity and chlorophyll a concentration were recorded by CTD and fluorescent sonde. Only 9.0% of larvae were collected in the upper 30 m and 91.0% were found deeper (> 40 m). The depths of highest density of larvae bore a close relationship to the subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer. Some B. canton larvae were found in the upper 30 m layer at night, but no larva was found during the day. Water temperatures where B. canton larvae occurred ranged from 16 to 23^oC, but most larvae were found at 18–20^oC and in salinities of 35.5–36.5 psu.     

有机污染提高双壳贝类对弧菌易感性的研究↑（*）

在实验室条件下,通过投饵不换水所形成的有机污染来研究有机污染提高双壳贝类对弧菌的易感性。结果表明,有机污染时间越高长,弧菌的浓度越高;弧菌的数量与有机污染环境中氨及无机氮（ＴＩＮ） 呈显著的正相关,与亚硝酸盐（ＮＯ－２ － Ｎ） 和总有机碳（ＴＯＣ） 有比较明显的正相关;试验贝类死亡与弧菌浓度呈正相关,它们对弧菌的易感性依次为栉孔扇贝、虾夷扇贝、太平洋牡蛎、海湾扇贝、紫贻贝。     

Vertical distribution of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus larvae in the southern part of the East China Sea

ABSTRACT:   The vertical distribution of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus larvae was described based on discrete depth sampling using a MTD net system from the surface down to 100 m depth at 13 stations in the southern East China Sea between 27 February and 10 March 2002. Of the 20 782 fish larvae collected, T. japonicus larvae were most abundant, accounting for 37.0% of the total catch. The average abundance of the larvae was 419.0 individuals/10 m², with the average (± standard deviation [SD]) body length of 2.6 ± 0.3 mm (range 1.8–7.5 mm). The larvae were concentrated in the mixed layer, with peak densities in the 10–30 m layer. The average (±SD) weighted mean depth was 21.5 ± 7.8 m. There was no evidence of either diel or ontogenetic vertical migration for the early larvae of <5 mm. More than 90% of the T. japonicus larvae were collected in the water temperature ranging from 21 to 23°C. Vertical profiles of the larval densities and chlorophyll a coincided with each other, which might reflect the abundance of their main prey organisms, copepod nauplii and copepodites, since copepod production is known to be closely related with the chlorophyll a concentration.     

Experimental Collection of Pearl Oyster, Pinctada mazatlanica and Pteria sterna, Spat on a Filament Substrate

Juveniles of Pinctada mazatlanica and Pteria sterna were collected with artificial collectors from Falsa Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico during a 12 month experimental period. Filament substrate artificial collectors contained in 2 mm plastic mesh bags (25 ± 25 cm) were deployed from the surface to 17 m of depth, and replaced monthly. Pinctada mazatlanica had the greatest recruitment (12 juveniles/cm²) in late summer and P. sterna (5 juveniles/cm²) in winter. Maximum spat collection from September 1986 to April 1987 occurred at 10 m depth for P. mazatlanica and at 4–7 m depth for P. sterna . However, peak spatfall under 11m depth occurred from late July to August 1987. The mean prodissoconch shell height was 254 μ m (SE = 0.003; N = 50) for P. mazatlanica and 313 μm (SE = 0.004; N = 50) for P. sterna . The growth equations for the first five weeks of both species, based on the prodissoconch shell height and the maximum spat height (measured from the umbo to distal edge) are presented.     

基于高通量测序的虾夷扇贝基因组微卫星特征分析

为全面了解虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)微卫星分布频率和数量,深化对虾夷扇贝基因组的认识,本研究运用第二代高通量测序技术,进行虾夷扇贝简化基因组测序(RAD-seq),从基因组水平阐明虾夷扇贝基因组微卫星特征。结果显示,简化基因组测序共获得序列总长为92,551,435 bp,经过滤筛选,获得259,535个contig,其中,包含微卫星序列3618条,经引物设计共获得3460对微卫星引物。统计微卫星序列的重复类型,其中,三核苷酸重复单元数量最多(1587个,45.87%),其次是二核苷酸重复(1282个,37.05%),六核苷酸重复单元数量最少(20个,0.58%)。在三核苷酸重复中,以ATA重复类型所占比例最高(11.41%),共计181个。此外,虾夷扇贝同一重复类型的微卫星随着重复数增加其数量相对减少,而相同重复数的微卫星随着重复单元长度的增加其数量也呈下降趋势,可见微卫星长度与其数量呈负相关,表明长度较短的微卫星变异速率较快。本研究结果为认识虾夷扇贝基因组特征和在基因组水平开展种群遗传学研究提供了基础数据。     

Horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of larval myctophid fishes in the Kuroshio Current region

The horizontal and vertical distribution of myctophid fish larvae is described based on discrete depth sampling from the surface down to 200 m at seven stations on a transect crossing the Kuroshio Current on 6–9 July 1977. A total of 7819 larvae was collected. Myctophid larvae accounted for 72% of the total fish larvae and included 18 species or types belonging to 12 genera. Based on horizontal distribution patterns these species (or types) were categorized into three groups, i.e. Kuroshio-axis group ( Myctophum asperum , M. orientale , Lampadena luminosa and Symbolophorus evermanni ), Kuroshio east group ( Hygophum reinhardtii , Lampanyctus alatus , Diogenichthys atlanticus , Lobianchia gemellarii , M. nitidulum , Benthosema suborbitale , Lampadena sp. and Ceratoscopelus warmingii ) and Pan- Kuroshio group [ Diaphus stubby type (mostly D. garmani ) and D. kuroshio ]. Larvae of the subfamily Lampanyctinae were distributed in shallower (0–30 m) waters than those of the subfamily Myctophinae (50–150 m), while this relationship was opposite of the night-time depth distribution of adults of the two subfamilies.