传染性造血器官坏死病毒糖蛋白抗血清的制备及应用

应用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)从传染性造血器官坏死病毒(Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus,IHNV)感染的细胞悬液克隆病毒的糖蛋白基因,将其亚克隆至原核表达载体pCWori,转化到大肠杆菌DH 5α,通过发酵大肠杆菌制备病毒糖蛋白.经SDS-PAGE分析,诱导表达的重组蛋白主要以包涵体的形式存在,使用Ni-NTA亲和层析柱在变性条件下进行纯化并透析复性,最终得到了较高纯度的可溶性糖蛋白,分子量约为57 kDa.Western-blot分析结果显示,所表达的蛋白能够被IHNV病毒制备的兔抗IHNV血清识别.用复性后的蛋白免疫小鼠制备抗血清,ELISA显示抗体效价可达1∶64 000.经制备的抗血清可以作为一抗建立ELISA检测方法,用于检测细胞悬液的病毒粒子,将抗血清稀释到1∶16 000仍能与IHNV全病毒发生反应.本研究利用重组的IHNV糖蛋白成功制备了高效价的抗血清,并能够与IHNV全病毒发生特异性结合,为IHNV免疫学检测方法建立奠定了基础.     

传染性胰坏死病毒的生物学研究进展

传染性胰坏死病(infectious pancreatic necrosis,IPN)是一种危害多种水产动物的急性传染性疫病,能造成鲑鳟稚鱼大量死亡,造成世界范围内鲑鳟养殖业重大经济损失。IPN的病原为双链RNA病毒科(Birnaviridae)水生双链RNA病毒属(Aquabirnavirus)的传染性胰脏坏死病毒(infectious pancreatic necrosis virus,IPNV)。本文概述了该病原的基因组结构、生物学特征、诊断技术及免疫防治等研究进展,以期为IPN的防治提供参考。     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒873株逆转录环介导等温扩增(RT-LAMP)检测方法研究

为提高草鱼呼肠孤病毒(grass carp reovirus,GCRV)的检测效率,根据GCRV-873株VP5基因片段,设计了2对特异性引物,建立了检测GCRV-873株的逆转录环介导等温扩增(RT-LAMP)检测方法。结果显示:该方法使用25μL反应体系,经优化后的反应温度为65℃,反应时间1 h,检测限可达10个拷贝数的病毒核酸,比传统的RT-PCR方法要高10倍。且不与鲤春病毒、传染性造血器官坏死病病毒、传染性胰脏坏死病毒和病毒性出血性败血症病毒RNA产生交叉反应。在反应体系中加入染料后,反应结果肉眼直接可见,是一种特异性强、方便快捷的检测方法,适合GCRV-873株的现场初筛和核酸检测工作。     

克氏原螯虾的传染性疾病及其预防方法(下)

正3.核糖核酸(RNA)和推定的核糖核酸(RNA)病毒(RNA and Putative RNA Viruses)——双RNA病毒(Birnavirus)(1)传染性胰腺坏死病毒(Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus,IPNV)——呼肠孤病毒(Reo-like virus)。(2)澳洲红螯螯虾肝胰腺呼肠孤样病毒(Cherax quadricarinatus hepatopancreatic reo-like virus,Cq HRV),澳洲     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒逆转录环介导等温扩增(RT-LAMP)检测方法的建立

根据草鱼呼肠孤病毒(grass carp reovirus,GCRV)衣壳蛋白VP6编码基因的序列设计特异性引物,以病毒全基因组RNA为模板,通过对反应条件进行优化,建立了GCRV的逆转录环介导等温扩增(RT-LAMP)检测方法。检测结果表明,本方法可在63℃下1 h内实现靶片段的大量扩增,扩增产物经凝胶电泳呈现梯型条带,反应体系中添加SYBR Green I荧光染料后,绿色阳性结果明显区别于橙色阴性结果。该检测体系针对草鱼呼肠孤病毒的检测灵敏度高,其最低检测限为33 pg,与常规RT-PCR方法相比较,灵敏度高10倍,且与斑点叉尾鮰呼肠孤病毒(CCRV)、鲤春病毒血症病毒(SVCV)、锦鲤疱疹病毒(KHV)、大鲵虹彩病毒(GSIV)等无交叉反应。该方法灵敏度及特异性高,且不需昂贵仪器设备,为快速检测草鱼呼肠孤病毒与诊断草鱼出血病提供了简捷快速的技术手段。     

传染性造血器官坏死病灭活疫苗的制备及免疫保护效果

为了研发用于预防传染性造血器官坏死病(infectious hematopoietic necrosis,IHN)灭活疫苗,实验以不同感染复数(multiplicity of infection,MOI)在胖头鱥上皮细胞(Epithelioma papulosum cyprinid,EPC)上对传染性造血器官坏死病毒(infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus,IHNV)进行连续传代培养,通过测定各代病毒滴度,结合病毒收获时间确定最佳增殖方案;采用不同浓度的β-丙内酯(β-propanolactone,BPL)在24℃下灭活,经安全性实验验证后确定最佳灭活条件。以不同剂量腹腔注射免疫虹鳟,以磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)为阴性对照组,通过检测攻毒后相对免疫保护率(relative percent survival,RPS)、免疫相关因子表达量及血清中和抗体效价来分析该疫苗的保护效果。结果显示,最佳增殖方案为以MOI为0.000 1接种,15℃培养3 d;最佳灭活条件为以终浓度3.0 mmol/L的BPL将IHNV在24℃下灭活24 h;以最佳免疫剂量10μL/尾腹腔注射免疫虹鳟,免疫后7、21、45和60 d的相对免疫保护率分别为91.37%、84.28%、84.15%和47.5%,免疫后60 d时RPS显著低于其他时间点免疫组;免疫相关基因的实时荧光定量PCR(realtime quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR)结果显示,与阴性对照组相比,Mx-1和IFN-γ表达量在免疫后7、15和30 d脾脏和头肾中均显著上调,在第7天时达到最大值(5倍);CD4和IgM表达量在免疫后15 d脾脏和头肾中均显著上调;在免疫后第30、45和60天虹鳟血清IHNV中和抗体效价依次为67.25、43.40和29.78,呈下降趋势且各组间差异显著。研究表明,该灭活疫苗可诱导虹鳟产生特异性免疫和非特异性免疫反应,对虹鳟具有显著的免疫保护作用。本研究为IHNV灭活疫苗研发提供参考。     

凡纳滨对虾传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(IHHNV)可视化环介导等温扩增(LAMP)技术方法的优化与应用

传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus, IHHNV)作为对虾疾病的主要病原之一,能够感染多种对虾,对幼虾危害尤其明显,虽然死亡率不高,但可以引起对虾生长缓慢,造成巨大的经济损失,严重影响对虾养殖业持续健康发展。本文根据IHHNV病毒基因的保守序列,采用Primer Explorer V4软件设计6条LAMP特异性引物组合,建立了一种以环介导等温核酸扩增技术(Loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP)为基础的快速检测IHHNV的方法。对本研究的LAMP检测方法的敏感性和特异性进行分析,并将其灵敏度与实时荧光定量PCR、普通PCR检测方法进行比较。结果显示:LAMP检测方法在63℃恒温条件60 min内完成反应,阳性结果出现可视化的绿色,阴性结果颜色不发生变化;LAMP方法的最低检出限为10.3 copies/μL,灵敏度与荧光实时定量PCR相当,较常规PCR高。结果表明建立的LAMP方法适用于对虾IHHNV的现场快速检测。     

传染性造血器官坏死病防控试验研究

正传染性造血器官坏死病(Infectious hematopoietic necrosis,IHN)是鲑科鱼类常见的急性病毒性传染病,病原是传染性造血器官坏死病毒(Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus,IHNV)。在我国,IHN病毒于1985年首次随进口鱼带入国内,并在辽宁本溪暴发IHN,死亡率近100%。随后扩散到东北和华北一带,呈散在性流行,近几年来流行有逐渐扩大和日趋严重的倾     

Development of a multiplex RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of the major viruses that affect rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The major viral diseases that affect rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are viral haemorrhagic septicaemia, infectious haematopoietic necrosis, infectious pancreatic necrosis and sleeping disease. In the presented study, we developed a multiplex RT-PCR (mRT-PCR) assay for the simultaneous detection of these four rainbow trout viruses in a single assay. The choice of primers was carried out based on the expected size of the fragments, the temperature and time required for the amplification, and the specificity for the target sequence. Firstly, the method was optimised using reference strains of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and sleeping disease virus (SDV) cultivated with permissive cell culture lines; subsequently, the method was used for the identification of these viral infections in rainbow trout samples. Twenty-two samples of rainbow trout, clinically suspected of having viruses, were analysed by the developed method to detect the presence of the four viruses, by directly analysing the animal tissues. The mRT-PCR method was able to efficiently detect the viral RNA in infected cell culture supernatants and in tissue samples, highlighting the presence of single infections as well as co-infections in rainbow trout samples. VHSV/SDV and IHNV/SDV co-infections were demonstrated for the first time in rainbow trout. The mRT-PCR method was revealed to be an accurate and fast method to support traditional diagnostic techniques in the diagnosis of major viral diseases of rainbow trout.     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒逆转录环介导等温扩增(RT-LAMP)检测方法的建立

根据草鱼呼肠孤病毒 (grass carp reovirus, GCRV)衣壳蛋白VP6编码基因的序列设计特异性引物, 以病毒全基因组RNA为模板, 通过对反应条件进行优化, 建立了GCRV的逆转录环介导等温扩增(RT-LAMP)检测方法。检测结果表明, 本方法可在63℃下1 h内实现靶片段的大量扩增, 扩增产物经凝胶电泳呈现梯型条带, 反应体系中添加SYBR Green I 荧光染料后, 绿色阳性结果明显区别于橙色阴性结果。该检测体系针对草鱼呼肠孤病毒的检测灵敏度高, 其最低检测限为33 pg, 与常规RT-PCR方法相比较, 灵敏度高10倍, 且与斑点叉尾鮰呼肠孤病毒(CCRV)、鲤春病毒血症病毒(SVCV)、锦鲤疱疹病毒(KHV)、大鲵虹彩病毒(GSIV)等无交叉反应。该方法灵敏度及特异性高, 且不需昂贵仪器设备, 为快速检测草鱼呼肠孤病毒与诊断草鱼出血病提供了简捷快速的技术手段。

     

A comparison of detection methods for infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus

Abstract. A comparative study of immunological methods for detecting infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was made. The anti–IHNV antibody titre was measured by solid phase direct binding assays with'¹²⁵iodinated Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus and with immunoperoxidase staining. The binding antibody titre was much higher than that obtained in the virus neutralization assay. The high binding antibody titre of rabbit anti–IHNV sera made the development of two immunological tests for IHNV possible. Virus–specific proteins were detected on nitrocellulose membranes after transfer from denaturing polyacrylamide gels. The immunological methods were highly specific, sensitive lo less than 10 ng of virus protein, and were useful in characterizing the different strains of IHNV.     

First evidence of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in the Netherlands

In spring 2008, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was detected for the first time in the Netherlands. The virus was isolated from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from a put‐and‐take fishery with angling ponds. IHNV is the causative agent of a serious fish disease, infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN). From 2008 to 2011, we diagnosed eight IHNV infections in rainbow trout originating from six put‐and‐take fisheries (symptomatic and asymptomatic fish), and four IHNV infections from three rainbow trout farms (of which two were co‐infected by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, IPNV), at water temperatures between 5 and 15 °C. At least one farm delivered trout to four of these eight IHNV‐positive farms. Mortalities related to IHNV were mostly <40%, but increased to nearly 100% in case of IHNV and IPNV co‐infection. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis revealed that these 12 isolates clustered into two different monophyletic groups within the European IHNV genogroup E. One of these two groups indicates a virus‐introduction event by a German trout import, whereas the second group indicates that IHNV was already (several years) in the Netherlands before its discovery in 2008.