东吾洋中国对虾小规格仔虾种苗放流技术及其增殖效果

根据１９８６－１９９５年在东吾洋放流的９７９４８万尾中国对虾种苗资料。研究了仔虾种苗放流技术和增殖效果，结果表明，只要掌握好种苗放流技术，加强海区管理，直接放流未经中间暂养培育，平均体长在１０ｍｍ以上的仔虾种苗，年平均加捕率可达５．２６％，增殖效果十分显著。     

黄海北部中国对虾放流增殖渔业目前存在的主要问题

黄海北部中国对虾放流增殖渔业目前存在的主要问题佟万金李培军（丹东市渔业指挥部１１８０００）（辽宁省海洋水产研究所大连１１６０２３）黄海北部中国对虾放流增殖从１９８５年至１９９２年共放流平均体长３ｃｍ以上对虾种苗９７亿尾，回捕增殖虾１７９００多吨（包括...     

东吾洋中国对虾移植放流效果的研究

本文根据1986～1995年在东吾洋水域放流的97948万尾中国对虾种苗材料,研究了移植放流虾在放流海区及福宁湾海区的分布和移动规律,阐明了中国对虾已在东海南部福宁湾海区繁衍生息并形成了自然的生殖群体。此外,还分析了不同规格苗种的放流效益比较,得出在东吾洋放流平均体长在10mm的虾苗,其年均回捕率可达5.26％的增殖效果。     

东吾洋中国对虾的移植放流

1986～1990年在东吾洋水域放流中国对虾(Penaeus orientalis)种苗70919万尾,其中96.2%是末经中间培育,体长为8～15mm 的仔虾。共回捕对虾917t,年平均回捕率5.02%,优化了东吾洋对虾种类结构和数量组成。东吾洋中国对虾移植性放流增殖取得了显著的经济、社会和生态效益。还探讨了东吾洋中国对虾的放流时间、海区和增殖前景。     

辽宁近海渔场海蜇增殖放流的回顾与发展

辽宁近海渔场海蜇放流经过1988-1993年、2004年在海洋岛渔场和2002年在辽东湾各渔场的增殖试验与2005-2006年的生产性增殖放流，探索了放流海域选择、放流时间和放流规格，跟踪监测技术，回捕效果检验等相关技术。笔者就海蜇增殖放流情况作系统回顾，并对其大规模发展做以探讨。     

辽宁省全面启动中国对虾增殖放流

正2018年5月21日,辽宁省中国对虾增殖放流在辽东湾和黄海北部全面展开,全省共设置兴城徐大堡、绥中狗河口、凌海大有农场、盘山三道沟、大洼二界沟、老边区外海以及金普新区杏树屯、普兰店皮口、庄河黑岛、东港丹东黄土坎等10个放流点,当天共放流中国对虾26400万尾,其中辽东湾放流中国对虾17500万尾、黄海北部放流中国对虾8900万尾。根据2018年全省渔业增殖放     

崂山湾中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)增殖放流的效果评价

为了评价崂山湾中国对虾的增殖效果,2012年5月在崂山湾分两批次放流中国对虾15673万尾。2012年7–9月开展了中国对虾跟踪与回捕调查,进行了中国对虾放流苗种存活生长状况、洄游分布及回捕情况的研究,并应用“Bhattacharya”法区分了中国对虾的自然群体与放流群体。结果显示,8月中旬中国对虾放流苗种主要生活在崂山湾中部海域,第1、2批放流苗种的平均体长分别达到144.9、130.5 mm,随着水温的降低,作季节性短距离的由浅水向深水区移动,放流种群和自然种群分别占总群体的92%和8%;由于受到竞争生物及栖息地环境因素的影响,中国对虾放流群体的回捕率仅为0.58%。虽然相比其他海域中国对虾的回捕率较低,但是崂山湾中国对虾增殖放流仍然取得了一定的生态、经济和社会效益。     

黄海北部中国对虾增殖渔业管理探讨

增殖渔业的管理与水生自然鱼类种群的管理大同小异。对于增殖渔业来说，每年的放流量是一个可控变量，另有购买放流种苗、暂养、计数和控制放流日期对增殖效果至关重要，这些均属管理范围。本文仅讨论黄海北部中国对虾增殖渔业放流个体入海后到渔汛结束的管理问题，分一般性保护和管理策略两个部分。 一、一般性保护 一般性保护指的是防止放流个体入海后到开捕期这个时段内的人为损害，时间是从６月初放流时开始到开捕期８月２０日左右，前后约８０天，根据放流虾生长特性和栖息水域不同划分为前期管理和后期管理。 １．前期管理 前期管理是…     

辽宁近海渔场海蜇增殖放流情况回顾与发展的探讨

辽宁近海渔场海蜇放流经过1988年～1993年和2002年在辽东湾渔场和2004年在海洋岛渔场的增殖试验与2005年～2006年的生产性增殖放流这三个阶段,探索了放流海域选择、放流时间和放流规格,跟踪监测技术,回捕效果检验等相关技术。现就海蜇增殖放流情况作系统回顾,并对其今后发展做以下探讨。     

山东省副省长陈延明在文登中国对虾放流现场指出——让大海休养生息提高放流试验成功率

山东省副省长陈延明6月下旬在省海洋与渔业厅等有关部门负责同志的陪同下，到文登市小观海洋水产资源增殖站视察对虾增殖放流和地方资源增殖工作。陈副省长认真察看了对虾放流现场，还亲自登船放流中国对虾。陈延明同志对于海洋渔业资源增殖放流工作给予充分肯定。他说，近几年增殖放流的效果是明显的。放流品种和数量不断增加，回捕产量逐渐提高，取得了较好的经济、社会和生态效益。每年安排六七千艘渔船参与回捕对虾，开辟了新的生产门路，对维护渔区稳定做出了较大贡献。陈延明强调指出：目前要着力解决好海洋渔业资源枯竭和渔业可持续…     

微卫星技术对黄、渤海海域7个不同地理群体中国对虾的遗传结构和遗传分化研究

采用微卫星DNA技术对黄、渤海海域7个不同地理群体的中国对虾进行了遗传结构和遗传分化研究.7个地理群体分别来自辽东湾(LD)、渤海湾(BH)、海州湾 (HZ)、乳山湾 (RS)、海洋岛 (HYD)、朝鲜半岛西海岸(KW)以及朝鲜半岛南海岸(KS).7对多态性良好的微卫星引物共检测到109个等位基因,群体平均期望杂合度(He)范围为0.810～0.864.49个群体位点中,只有15个符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡.UPGMA聚类分析显示,各地理群体亲缘关系与地理位置关系密切.根据各地理群体间遗传距离及AMOVA遗传分化检验结果,可将中国对虾分为3个独立种群,分别为中国沿岸黄、渤海群体、朝鲜半岛西海岸群体及朝鲜半岛南海群体;其中中国沿岸黄、渤海群体内部也发生了一定程度的遗传分化,但是否达到种群水平还有待于进一步验证.     

Effects of Stocking Size and Density of Tilapia on Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Polyculture

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of stocking size and density of prawns in polyculture.
In one experiment, postlarval prawns (av. wt. 0.02 g) were stocked in six 0.02 ha earthen ponds at 35,00O/ha. Two ponds were stocked with tilapia fry (av. wt. 0.14 g) and two were stocked with tilapia fingerlings (av. wt. 30.1 g), each at 10,000/ha. Two control ponds had no tilapia. Tilipia stocking size had no effect on prawn growth. Mean weight of prawns after 70 days of culture ranged from a low of 4.5 g when cultured with tilapia fingerlings to a high of 6.6 when cultured in monoculture. Prawn survival was adversely affected by tilapia fry. Average prawn survival in tilapia fry ponds was 65% compared to 75% and 91%, respectively, in tilapia fingerling and monoculture ponds.
In a second experiment, postlarval prawns were stocked in nine 0.02 ha earthen ponds at 40,000/ ha. Six ponds were stocked with 30 g tilapia fingerlings, three at 5,000/ha and three at 15,000/ha. Three control ponds received prawns only. After 100 days of culture, prawn weight ranged from an average of 15.9 g in monoculture ponds to 11.5 g in polyculture ponds. Survival was highest (93.8%) in low density polyculture ponds. Survival was lowest (85.6%) in prawn monoculture ponds. Tilapia reproduction had a negative impact on shrimp production.     

Bionomics of Penaeus kerathurus transplanted into Lake Quarun (Egypt)

The total catch of prawns from the Egyptian Mediterranean waters decreased substantially from 7.23 thousand t in 1962 to 1.06 thousand t in 1976. To compensate for this loss, Lake Quarun, an inland closed saline basin in Middle Egypt, was selected for seeding and culture of prawn fry.The bionomics of Penaeus kerathurus, such as composition and distribution of the catch, growth, length-weight relationship, maturity stages of the females, and food, were investigated to confirm the suitability of Lake Quarun for marine prawns. The study showed that P. kerathurus have an approximate monthly growth rate of 10.0 mm for females and 5.0 mm for males (condition factor 0.62 and 0.58, respectively). The growth rates and condition factors in Lake Quarun did not vary much from those observed for stocks in the Mediterranean Sea. P. kerathurus became abundant in the southwest section of Lake Quarun. Futther studies are recommended to increase prawn propagation in the lake, but the preliminary results indicate that an inland lake fishery for marine prawns can be established.     

乳山湾、塔岛湾增殖中国对虾适宜放流量的研究

根据1984～1992年乳山湾、塔岛湾中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)放流增殖结果，对增殖适宜量进行研究。结果表明随着放流数量的增加，增殖对虾体长瞬时生长速度参数下降，二者呈负相关关系，关系式为kL     

Polyculture of the Giant Malaysian Prawn and the Golden Shiner in Southwestern Louisiana1

Juvenile prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) were stocked at 37,050/ha and golden shiner (Noremigonus crysoleucas) fry at 321,100/ha into 16 earthen ponds at Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, Grand Chenier, Louisiana. Four replicated treatments were tested: fed prawn monoculture, fed shiner monoculture, fed prawn and fed shiner polyculture, and unfed prawn fed shiner polyculture. The study lasted 149 days. There were no significant differences in growth between prawns fed in monoculture and prawns fed in polyculture (P > 0.05). However, fed prawns grew significantly larger (P < 0.05) than unfed prawns. Prawn survival in all treatments combined averaged 63%. Survival was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for fed prawns than for unfed prawns. Prawn yields averaged 533 kg/ha, when all treatments were combined. Yield was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for prawns grown with shiners and for prawns that received supplemental feed. Growth was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for shiners grown with fed prawns than for shiners grown with unfed prawns. Shiner survival averaged 33% and was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in monoculture than in polyculture. Yield for all ponds averaged 392 kg/ha, with no significant differences between treatments (P > 0.05).     

A study of the optimum stocking density and feed rate for school prawns Metapenaeus macleayi (Haswell) in some Australian brackish water farming ponds

A stocking density experiment was conducted in 18 experimental enclosures within a single 0.11 ha pond. As stocking density increased in the range 6.1–21.2 prawns/m², school prawn growth declined while survival rate was unaffected and total harvest (final biomass) increased. A simple economic analysis indicated that the optimum stocking density for juvenile school prawns was 19.1 prawns/m². In a similar experiment the effects of feeding school prawns with a pelleted diet at a range of supplementary feed rates (0–12.5% of prawn biomass/day) were investigated. The optimum feed rate in terms of growth was approximately 5% of biomass/day. However the optimum feed rate, in terms of the economic return index used, varied depending on the estimated cost of the diet.     

渤海秋汛对虾数量预报方法的研究

渤海秋汛对虾的数量预报，是我国渔业预报中比较成功的报例之一。本文简述了此项预报工作的发展过程，介绍取得预报指标——相对资源量的原则和方法、加权系数的推算以及对各种回归方程的预报效果的检验结果，提出了针对不同资源水平的预报计算方法。此外，还对有争议的预报中的渔捞努力量因素问题进行了讨论。     

秀丽白虾染色体核型的初步分析

以抱卵雌虾的受精卵、眼点明显可见的胚胎以及雄虾精巢为材料,空气干燥法制备染色体,进行秀丽白虾的细胞遗传学研究.结果显示,秀丽白虾胚胎细胞染色体数目2N=90,核型组成是2N=56M 8SM 12ST 14T,染色体总臂数NF=154,染色体数略少于长臂虾属和沼虾属,但核型组成相似.     

SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS OF SMALL-SCALE FRESHWATER PRAWN MARKETING SYSTEMS IN MYMENSINGH,BANGLADESH

An investigation was carried out in Mymensingh region of Bangladesh to understand current practices of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) marketing systems. Prawn marketing is almost exclusively maintained by the private sector, where the livelihoods of a considerable number of people are associated with prawn distribution and marketing systems. The market chain from producers to consumers passes through a number of intermediaries. The prawn is a highly valued product in international markets; most of the prawns (60%) are therefore exported, particularly to the USA, Japan and Europe. The rest (40%) of the under-sized prawns are sold to local markets in Mymensingh. The price of prawn depends on quality, size and weight, and grade. In spite of marketing constraints, livelihood outcomes are positive and most of the households of traders (75%) have improved their social and economic conditions through prawn marketing activities. However, concerns arise about the long-term sustainability of prawn marketing due to poor road and transport facilities, inadequate supply of ice, lack of money and credit facilities, and poor market infrastructure. It is therefore necessary to provide institutional, organizational, and government support for a sustainable prawn market.