不同产地的紫苏籽油活性成分检测与主成分分析

为评价油品质与营养功能,有效开发不同产地的紫苏籽油,收集19个产地的紫苏籽,分析了油的理化性质,脂肪酸、维生素E、植物甾醇等活性成分的组成及含量。结果发现：紫苏籽油主要含有棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸五种脂肪酸,亚麻酸含量58.8%～70.9%,不饱和脂肪酸含量91.1%～93.8%;紫苏籽油含有△-5燕麦甾醇、菜籽甾醇、β-谷甾醇及环阿廷醇,总甾醇含量67.0mg/100g～94.4mg/100g;紫苏籽油含有α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚,γ-生育酚占总生育酚含量95%左右,总的生育酚含量为63.4mg/100g～99.4mg/100g。通过主成分分析及主成分中各性状载荷分析发现,α-亚麻酸、γ-生育酚、菜籽甾醇是紫苏籽油的特征活性成分,对不同产地的紫苏籽油差异影响较大。对紫苏籽油的12个脂溶性活性成分进行分层聚类热图分析,可将19个产地的紫苏籽油分成6大类。      

微波和脱皮处理菜籽对油中活性成分的影响

以高、中、低芥酸和硫甙含量菜籽为原料,微波和脱皮预处理后分别冷榨制油。结果表明,同一品种菜籽不同处理方式对基本品质并无影响,但油中植物甾醇和维生素E含量均存在明显差异,且含量大小依次为低芥酸低硫甙菜籽＞中芥酸中硫甙菜籽＞高芥酸高硫甙菜籽。利用SPSS (统计产品与服务解决方案,Statistical Product and Service Solutions)方差分析,探讨4种不同处理方式与3种不同原料对菜籽油中维生素E和植物甾醇的影响。结果表明,不同处理方式对双低菜籽油中α、γ维生素E和△5-燕麦甾醇影响差异显著,对菜籽甾醇、菜油甾醇和β-谷甾醇影响不显著;同一种处理方式下,不同原料对维生素E和植物甾醇都存在显著差异。微波处理后油中维生素E和植物甾醇含量最高,且低芥酸低硫甙菜籽更适宜通过微波处理提高油的品质。     

宁夏麒麟瓜品质检测分析与评价

[目的]检测宁夏不同区域生产的麒麟瓜营养成分,探究品质状况,评价产品优势。[方法]选取宁夏13个县区22份麒麟瓜样品,采用国家相关标准对果实外观、可溶性固形物、总糖、果糖等18项指标进行检测,并与同期取样的宁夏硒砂瓜、地膜瓜进行比较,分析评价感官品质、营养品质,对营养成分含量间进行相关性分析。[结果]麒麟瓜可溶性固形物含量12.1%,粗纤维含量0.06%,蛋白质含量0.79%;钙含量79mg/kg、钾含量181mg/100g,分别比西瓜代表值高9mg/kg、84mg/100g,硒含量0.009 mg/kg,和西瓜代表值相等;胡萝卜素含量308μg/100 g,较代表值高135μg/100 g;富含锌、维生素C、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、番茄红素等营养物质。[结论]宁夏麒麟瓜剖面纤维少,汁多,口感脆,感观品质优,营养物质含量丰富,品质上乘,属A级产品,生产上可通过节水控灌、平衡施肥、膨果期增施钾肥等措施增加西瓜品质元素含量,提高西瓜品质。     

响应面法优化香水莲花甾醇的超声提取工艺

为了分析香水莲花的植物甾醇含量并优化其超声提取工艺,采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定香水莲花中菜籽甾醇、菜油甾醇和β-谷甾醇的含量,再以上述3种甾醇提取量为评价指标,对液料比、超声提取温度和超声提取时间进行单因素试验,在此基础上,再采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化香水莲花甾醇提取工艺并进行验证。结果表明,影响香水莲花甾醇提取量的主次因素是液料比>提取时间>提取温度,其最优工艺条件为以95%乙醇为提取溶剂、超声功率100 W、液料比30∶1（mL/g）、超声提取温度60 ℃、超声提取时间30 min;在最优工艺条件下进行验证实验,得出香水莲花中甾醇含量为菜籽甾醇64.61 mg/100 g、菜油甾醇40.77 mg/100 g、β-谷甾醇99.04 mg/100 g,总甾醇204.42 mg/100 g,综合评分与预测值相比差异不显著（P<0.05）。研究结果为香水莲花资源的开发和利用提供参考。     

高效液相色谱法测定大豆中的维生素E含量及其与粗脂肪含量的线性回归分析

利用高效液相色谱法测定1000份大豆资源中的维生素E含量,使用荧光检测器检测(Ex=295nm,Em=330nm),以α-、β-、γ-、δ-生育酚为标准品,加入母育酚为内标,计算大豆中维生素E各异构体的含量及总含量,α-、β-、γ-、δ-生育酚的加标回收率分别为101.10%、97.50%、96.94%和96.30%,测得野生大豆资源中维生素E含量范围0.05～0.34mg/g,栽培资源0.12～0.38mg/g.同时按国标方法测定粗脂肪含量,其中野生资源粗脂肪含量范围3.01%～20.60%,栽培资源12.00%～23.59%.通过线性回归分析,明确了大豆中维生素E与粗脂肪含量呈正相关的线性关系.     

新疆不同果树套种花生加工品质对比研究

花生的不同栽培方式可影响其加工品质，分析花生与不同果树套种的品质差异，有助于初步筛选适宜林果套种的加工专用花生品种。比较新疆不同果树套种模式下12个花生样品的脂肪、脂肪酸、蛋白质、蛋白亚基、特征氨基酸、蔗糖、维生素E、重金属、农残、塑化剂等指标差异，分析与不同果树套种对花生营养品质和安全品质的影响。结果表明，葡萄套种的花生脂肪、蔗糖、37.5 kDa亚基、精氨酸和谷氨酸含量最高，分别为56.18 g/100 g、5.37 g/100 g、9.96%、4.13 g/100 g和7.28 g/100 g;红枣套种的花生23.5 kDa亚基和维生素E含量最高，分别为19.65%和17.47 mg/100 g;杏树套种的花生O/L值和天门冬氨酸含量最高，分别为75.15和3.97 g/100 g;香梨套种的花生蛋白质含量最高，为25.74 g/100 g。该研究可为花生加工企业建立专用的高品质加工原料基地提供数据参考，也为后续新疆林果套种加工专用花生品种的选育和高产高效栽培技术的发展奠定基础。     

火麻籽油中酚类化合物的检测及抗氧化活性研究

本文建立了采用高效液相色谱法同时检测火麻籽油中10种酚类物质的方法,10种单体酚检出限为0.05～0.12μg/mL,线性相关系数为0.9970～0.9998,回收率为85%～108%。检测了8份不同产地火麻籽油的总酚、总黄酮含量及体外抗氧化活性指标（DPPH、FRAP、ABTS+·）。总酚含量为1.20～17.35mg对香豆酸/100g,总黄酮含量为7.61～51.72mg柚皮苷/100g。DPPH清除能力为9.03～19.71mmol TE/100g,FRAP还原能力为13.12～30.09mmol TE/100g,ABTS+•清除能力为29.40～358.37mmol TE/100g。相关性分析表明,总酚含量与DPPH、ABTS+•清除能力和FRAP还原能力呈显著正相关;总黄酮含量与DPPH清除能力、FRAP的还原能力呈显著正相关。     

东北黑土区沙棘茶用株系叶片营养成分比较分析

本研究以"深秋红"、"杂优雄1"、"杂5-13"、"TF2-27"、"TF2-28"和"06"等6个沙棘株系的鲜叶为试验材料,测定总黄酮、茶多酚、咖啡因、蛋白质、脂肪、可溶性糖及维生素E含量,建立指数方程,对6个沙棘株系进行综合评价.结果表明,6个沙棘株系中,总黄酮含量7.88～9.72 mg/g,差异显著;茶多酚含量37.39～152.64μg/g,差异极显著;咖啡因含量16.13～31.65μg/g,差异极显著;蛋白质、脂肪和可溶性糖含量相差不大,其中蛋白质含量在157.80～178.80 mg/g,脂肪含量在54.4～69.8μg/g,可溶性糖含量在18.47～24.07 mg/g,维生素E含量差异较大,在24.39～46.14μg/g.通过指数方程求得E值在0.9937～1.1086,沙棘叶用株系综合品质排列顺序为TF2-27>杂优雄1>杂5-13>TF2-28>深秋红>06.株系TF2-27更适合作为沙棘茶叶用品种.     

微波预处理火麻籽对油的品质及抗氧化活性的影响

为考察微波预处理火麻籽(Cannabis sativa L.)对油的品质及抗氧化活性的影响,将火麻籽置于微波功率560W条件下预处理7min,冷却至室温后低温压榨制油。结果表明,微波预处理显著增加了油的酸价、过氧化值,降低了油的水分及挥发物含量,使油脂色泽变深,而脱壳处理可使色泽得到明显改善;火麻籽油中检出8种脂肪酸,其中油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸是主要的脂肪酸,含量分别为13.88%、57.59%、16.33%,n-6/n-3脂肪酸为3.52∶1,是一种脂肪酸平衡合理的植物油;微波预处理不影响油的脂肪酸组成,使油中总酚含量增加1倍,总维生素E和植物甾醇含量分别增加41.99mg/kg和58.68mg/100g;微波预处理火麻籽显著改善了油的氧化稳定性,提高了油的抗氧化活性,与未经微波预处理的压榨火麻籽油相比,微波预处理后油的氧化诱导期延长了1.05h,DPPH自由基清除活力和FRAP总抗氧化能力分别增加8.46和81.85μmol/100g。表明微波预处理是一种适宜于提高火麻籽油品质的预处理方式。     

HPLC测定西番莲中叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素

为建立西番莲果肉中叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素的快速提取和HPLC检测方法,以西番莲果肉为试材,对叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素的提取和检测方法进行优化。结果表明:2种类胡萝卜素的最佳提取条件为1 050μL的乙酸乙酯-二氯甲烷-正己烷有机混合溶剂(64∶16∶4,V/V/V),10min左右可高效提取西番莲果肉中叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素。以C30色谱柱;流动相:甲醇-叔丁基甲醚(80:20,V/V)等度洗脱;流速:0.8 m L/min;进样量:20μL;柱温:30℃;检测波长:450 nm。该色谱条件下,叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素线性关系良好,相关系数(R2)分别为0.999 0和0.999 3;检出限为0.01μg/m L和0.02μg/m L;2种类胡萝卜素的平均回收率分别达到了98.47%、96.43%;样品稳定性和检测方法准确度较好,RSD5.0%。对3个西番莲品种果实中叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素含量进行测定,其含量呈现双花西番莲黄果西番莲紫果西番莲的趋势。该提取和检测方法具有速度快、有机溶剂用量少,灵敏度高等优点,能在短时间内实现大量西番莲样品中叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素的提取和检测。     

兜兰离体快繁技术研究进展

由于生境破坏和人工过度采挖及繁殖的障碍,兜兰已是世界上最濒危的植物物种之一,所有野生种均被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录I而被禁止交易。突破其种苗繁殖技术瓶颈有利于兜兰种质资源的保护和可持续利用。本文对兜兰属植物无菌播种、共生萌发和组织培养技术等离体快繁技术的进展进行综述,并提出了目前存在的问题和解决方法,以期为兜兰属植物离体繁殖技术的深入研究和优质种苗的规模化生产提供参考。     

High variation in frequency of infection by endophytes in cultivars of meadow fescue in Finland

Systemic and asymptomatic Neotyphodium fungal endophytes infect numerous species of the Poaceae. The frequencies of Neotyphodium endophyte infection in Finland were investigated among and within seven Nordic cultivars of meadow fescue, Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv., which is a widely grown pasture and forage grass species in Scandinavia. The cultivars were Kasper, Salten, Antti, Fure, Ilmari, Inkeri and Kalevi. Frequencies of infection of cultivars varied from endophyte-free cultivar Fure to highly infected cultivar Inkeri [mean (standard deviation of mean) of 0·95 (0·023)]. Mean frequencies of infection of three cultivars remained lower than 0·10, and two of the cultivars, Kasper and Salten, were intermediately infected. In most of the cultivars, frequencies of infection varied only slightly among seed lots. In cultivar Kasper, however, the frequency of endophyte infection was highly variable (0–0·96) among the 45 seed lots examined. The relative importance of cultivar, seed lot and infection by Neotyphodium endophyte to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. was studied experimentally, using both endophyte-free and endophyte-infected plants of four seed lots of the two intermediately infected cultivars. Endophyte infection increased plant resistance to R. padi , overriding the influences of seed lot and cultivar. It is proposed that variation caused by endophyte infections in cultivars of meadow fescue should be taken into account in assessing plant breeding programmes in Europe.     

Investigation of Polymorphisms in Coding Region of OsHKT1 in Relation to Salinity in Rice

Rice(Oryza sativa) is sensitive to salinity, but the salt tolerance level differs among cultivars, which might result from natural variations in the genes that are responsible for salt tolerance. High-affinity potassium transporter(HKTs) has been proven to be involved in salt tolerance in plants. Therefore, we screened for natural nucleotide polymorphism in the coding sequence of Os HKT1, which encodes the HKT protein in eight Vietnamese rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance level. In total, seven nucleotide substitutions in coding sequence of Os HKT1 were found, including two non-synonymous and five synonymous substitutions. Further analysis revealed that these two non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions(G50T and T1209A) caused changes in amino acids(Gly17Val and Asp403Glu) at signal peptide and the loop of the sixth transmembrane domain, respectively. To assess the potential effect of these substitutions on the protein function, the 3D structure of HKT protein variants was modelled by using PHYRE2 webserver. The results showed that no difference was observed when compared those predicted 3D structure of HKT protein variants with each other. In addition, the codon bias of synonymous substitutions cannot clearly show correlation with salt tolerance level. It might be interesting to further investigate the functional roles of detected non-synonymous substitutions as it might correlate to salt tolerance in rice.     

用蛭石做马铃薯快繁培养基支持体的初步研究

1　前　言目前 ,马铃薯脱毒快繁技术已广泛应用于科研与生产中 ,快繁过程中脱毒苗培养基支持体通常采用琼脂或直接采用液体培养。然而这两种培养基存在着诸多问题 ,例如琼脂培养基中的琼脂价格昂贵、成本高 ,而且胶体不利于营养物质的扩散、透气性差 ,导致瓶苗生长不良。因此 ,该实验在本着降低成本的同时 ,又能保证瓶苗正常生长的前提下 ,以蛭石代替琼脂 ,分析其在实际生产中的应用价值。2　材料与方法2 1　材料供试品种为郑薯 6号脱毒苗 ,试验于 2 0 0 2年在郑州市蔬菜研究所马铃薯脱毒实验室内进行。2 2　方法本试验设两个处理 :处理 1…     

Matlab在玉米子粒灌浆特性分析中的应用

利用Matlab软件对玉米子粒灌浆过程用Richards方程进行拟合后,通过编程实现灌浆次级特征参数计算,并对不同播期子粒灌浆特征进行分析和探讨。结果表明,在黑龙港地区生态条件下,不同播期玉米各部位子粒灌浆均符合"S"形生长曲线,可用Richards方程很好地拟合。不同播期条件下,早播处理子粒起始势最高,达到灌浆盛期时间最早,平均灌浆速率及最大灌浆速率最大,活跃灌浆期较长,粒重最高。各播期玉米不同部位子粒,穗下部与上部相比,子粒的起始生长势较大,平均灌浆速率较高,达到灌浆高峰期时间较短,粒重较高。     

5个马铃薯品种组培幼苗的磷效率差异研究

试验以5个生产用马铃薯品种脱毒试管苗为材料,采用组织培养的方法,初步研究了茎切段在正常磷及低磷培养基中生长30 d时幼苗的磷营养效率差异,为筛选出适宜于生产用的磷高效马铃薯品种奠定了基础。试验结果表明,5个马铃薯品种幼苗在正常磷和低磷胁迫下对磷素的吸收和利用能力均存在明显的基因型差异。利用各品种幼苗的磷效率指标(植株干重、鲜重、吸磷量、磷利用效率)的相对指标(低磷处理的结果/正常磷处理的结果×100)进行聚类分析(类平均法)的结果表明,大白和I-1035属于磷高效基因型品种,中农Ⅷ是磷低效基因型品种,凉薯97和疫不加则属于中间类型品种。     

Role of invertase in the accumulation of sugars in cold-stored potatoes

Freshly harvested potatoes contain low levels of total invertase and high levels of invertase inhibitor. Total invertase increases sharply when potatoes are placed in cold storage, but the inhibitor is not depleted in all varieties. The absence of basal invertase activity in Norchip tubers indicates that an excess of invertase is not required for reducing sugar formation. Analyses of 37 varieties and seedlings after 3 months cold storage revealed that the reducing sugar content is not proportional to the invertase activity. High sugar contents are associated with low inhibitor levels, but low sugars are not necessarily associated with high inhibitor levels. The results indicate that invertase participates in reducing sugar formation, but other factors are responsible for the regulation of starch-sugar conversion in potatoes during cold storage.     

Quantitative assessment of metals in local brands of tea in Pakistan

In present study, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Pb, Cr, Ni and Cd were analyzed by FAAS in green and black tea samples of locally available in the Pakistani market. Na and K were also determined by Flame Photometer. Tea leaves can be the source of mineral components and trace elements, as well as some undesirable substances due to exposure to the environment. Among the metals tested, K was the most abundant one followed by Na, Mn and Fe. Fortunately, toxic heavy metals, Pb and Cd, had the lowest contents in tea samples and also in tea aqueous extracts. Concentration of heavy metals in tea aqueous extract was markedly lower than their total contents except that of K. The solubility of studied metals in tea aqueous extract varied widely and ranged from 0.0-95%. The lowest ranges of solubility were listed for toxic heavy metals Pb and Cd. The possible uptake of metals by the human body from tea aqueous extract has also been determined. The amounts of metals that one may take up through consumption of tea aqueous extract were found to match the acceptable daily intake even taking into account exposure from air, food and drinking water.     

马铃薯试管苗组织培养及微型薯诱导技术的研究

通过加入不同浓度的BA、NAA和KT,以探讨外源激素对马铃薯试管苗生理性状的影响,发现低浓度的外源激素较适合用来进行试管苗的增殖。本试验利用香豆素进行微型薯的诱导,结果表明低浓度的香豆素对提高薯重和大薯率有利,而高浓度有利于提高微型薯的结薯数量。     

植物耐盐性研究进展

盐胁迫损害植物质膜的正常功能,造成植物气孔关闭,光合降低,耗能增加,养分离子吸收不平衡.目前已从许多植物中分离了一些盐胁迫诱导的基因及基因上游序列,但对植物耐盐分子机理尚未完全阐明,主要有渗透调节、拒盐机理、盐的区隔化、钾离子运输调控系统、水通道蛋白和光合途径改变等几种假说,有些耐盐基因已被成功转入植物中.研究表明,添加一些外源物质能提高植物的耐盐性。