全国甘蔗品种第十一轮区试第1年宿根漳州试验小结

以新台糖22号为对照,对国家十一轮区试11个甘蔗品种进行第1年宿根试验。结果表明:福农09-2201和闽糖06-1405蔗茎产量和含糖量排名前二;海蔗22号、柳城07-150和德蔗07-36蔗糖分排名前三,分别达到15.68%、15.13%和14.91%,体现高糖的特性。部分品种出现了病虫害,枯心率、黑穗病、梢腐病、虫孔节率和株蛀率发生率较低,但比新植蔗略有提高,所有品种未见花叶病的发生,抗病虫能力较强。     

广西农科院甘蔗所新品种

5.桂糖49号亲本:赣蔗14号×新台糖22号。特征特性:植株直立,中茎,蔗茎均匀,易脱叶。早熟,高糖,高产。中抗黑穗病;抗倒伏;宿根性强。蔗种耐贮存,萌芽率及出苗率高,分蘖率及分蘖成茎率高。产量:据2013～2014年广西两年新植一年宿根区域的试验结果,桂糖49号平均产蔗量为6.91吨/亩,较对照新台糖22号增产9.8%。2014年新植生产试验平均产蔗量为6.64吨/亩,较对照新台糖22号增产7.5%。     

广西农科院甘蔗新品种

4、品种:桂糖44号亲本:ROC1x桂糖92-66。特征特性:植株直立均匀,中茎,丰产稳产,高糖,宿根性强,亩有效茎数多。蔗茎产量:据2012~2013年广西甘蔗品种区域试验两年新植和一年宿根试验,平均甘蔗亩产量7.19吨,比对照新台糖22号增产5.2%,其中新植增1.85%,宿根增11.8%。     

2016年广西蔗区甘蔗生产情况调研报告

为了预测和评估2016年广西甘蔗生产情况,采用实地调查和数据收集相结合的方法,调查了广西6个甘蔗主产市的甘蔗苗情、品种结构、种植面积及植期、病虫害情况等。结果表明：2016年广西蔗区甘蔗苗情比上年略差,但有足够的苗数和良好的幼苗;螟害枯心率整体低于2015年,螟害综合防治初见成效,黑穗病发生率高于2015年,并有加重趋势;甘蔗种植面积连续3年下滑的局面得到控制,今年略有增加;得益于“双高”基地建设,广西蔗区的品种结构得到进一步改良。建议及时加强田间管理,做好化学除草、后期甘蔗螟虫和绵蚜虫的防治工作。     

广西南宁蔗区2021年甘蔗生产情况调研报告

为全面了解2021年广西南宁蔗区糖料蔗生产情况,采用面上调查、数据收集和实地调查相结合的方法,调查了该蔗区的甘蔗生产形势、苗情、种植面积、品种结构、病虫害发生情况等。结果表明:2021年南宁蔗区甘蔗种植面积有所下滑;总体苗情比去年好,有足够的苗数,甘蔗植株较高,螟虫为害也有所下降,但宿根蔗黑穗病问题严峻;机械化收获水平低,甘蔗生产成本高;甘蔗品种宿根性受到重视。建议坚持优良新品种的选育及应用、加强病虫害防治、继续推进甘蔗收获机械化。     

海南蔗区甘蔗黑穗病菌生理小种鉴定

采集海南蔗区8个县市24个乡镇的甘蔗黑穗病菌样品24份,通过甘蔗黑穗病菌鉴别寄主NCO376(免疫)、NCO310(抗小种2,感小种1)、F134(感小种2,抗小种1)、F173(高感)及主栽品种ROC22,确定海南蔗区甘蔗黑穗病菌的生理小种.接种甘蔗黑穗病菌后1a新植,2a宿根的发病情况表明:海南蔗区甘蔗黑穗病菌生理小种为小种2,或优势小种为小种2.这对了解海南蔗区甘蔗黑穗病菌生理小种的分化及分布情况,以及对今后海南蔗区甘蔗黑穗病的防控及抗黑穗病甘蔗种质的选育提供依据.     

蔗叶粉碎还田对甘蔗螟虫发生的影响

根据生产上甘蔗收获期蔗叶处理方法的不同,通过田间试验,测定了蔗叶焚烧和蔗叶粉碎还田对当年宿根蔗的甘蔗螟虫发生的影响.结果表明:在苗期,甘蔗螟虫以二点螟为主;在甘蔗生长中后期,条螟、黄螟和二点螟混合发生为害,但条螟种群数量最大.与蔗叶焚烧处理相比,蔗叶粉碎还田处理中,螟害导致的螟害株率相当,分别为94.17％和91.39％,但枯心率和螟害节率均显著降低,分别为43.86％、12.29％和17.23％、13.57％,表明蔗叶粉碎还田有利于减轻甘蔗螟虫为害.     

柳州和来宾蔗区黑穗病的发生及甘蔗品种抗性表现

为明确广西柳州和来宾蔗区甘蔗黑穗病的发生情况及品种抗性,2016年采用定点和随机的方法,对广西柳州市和来宾市6个县级蔗区的9个主栽甘蔗品种黑穗病发生情况进行系统调查和抗性评价。结果表明,广西柳州和来宾蔗区新植蔗发病率≤4.41%,宿根蔗发病率≤24.58%,宿根蔗感病较新植蔗严重。柳城05-136在柳州市柳江县发生最严重,其次为柳州市融安县的台优品种。综合各个品种新植和宿根在不同蔗区的抗性表现,ROC16、桂糖40号、粤糖00-236和粤糖93-159表现为高抗,桂柳二号表现为抗,ROC22和桂糖21号表现为中抗,柳城05-136和台优表现为中感。聚类分析结果与田间综合评价的抗性表现一致。不同甘蔗种植区域、不同品种及不同植期存在感抗黑穗病差异性。     

甘蔗新品种海大28号试验初报

通过甘蔗新品种海大28号与新台糖10、新台糖16、新台糖22在2007年新植和宿根试验，结果表明：海大28号萌芽率高、分蘖能力强、成茎率高、蔗茎产量高、甘蔗蔗糖分高。     

甘蔗新品种桂糖36号和桂糖37号种性简介

桂糖36号(原名:桂糖03-1403) 桂糖36号,亲系:新台糖23×CP84-1198.201 1年3月育成.中至中大茎,发芽出苗率好,分蘖能力特强,发株率高.早生快发,前、中期生长快,后期生长势优.特早熟、特高糖、高产、宿根性好、极易脱叶或自动脱叶,适应于广西中等水肥条件下栽培.其最优良的特性是特早熟、特高糖及和极易脱叶.甘蔗蔗糖分较对照种新台糖22增1度糖以上,产蔗量与新台糖22相近、亩含糖量较新台糖22增加. 蔗茎产量:据2009-2010年广西甘蔗品种区域试验,通过7个区域试验点两年新植一年宿根共三个作物季21个点次试验,桂糖36产蔗量为5776公斤/亩,与对照种新台糖22产蔗量(5886公斤/亩)相近.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.