黄Yun品种茶树不同器官中矿质元素的分布

对１９种矿质元素在黄Ｙｕｎ茶树各器官中的分布情况进行了研究。结果表明，多数元素在茶树体内的分布具有相似的特点，即均以花蕾，叶和细根的含量较高；性质相近的元素，在分布上具有极显的相关性，不同器官灰分间各元素的总含量相近。     

铜与锌对茶树生育特性及生理代谢的影响Ⅳ．锌对茶树体内矿质元素含量及分布的影响

采用叶面喷施和土施相结合的方法,研究了不同锌浓度处理对茶树体内主要矿质元素含量及分布的影响、土壤有效锌含量与茶树吸锌量的关系。结果表明,茶树对锌有很强的吸收能力,叶部（喷施）和根部（土施）吸收的锌能很快转移到茶树的其它部位,除成熟叶外,新梢、生产枝、主根和吸收根的含锌量与土壤有效锌含量均达极显著正相关。新梢可作为茶树缺锌诊断的取样部位。叶面喷锌对茶树体内Ｐ含量影响不大,对Ｋ的吸收有促进作用。土施则降低Ｐ和Ｋ的吸收。Ｐ—Ｚｎ间存在明显的拮抗作用,但这种作用并非发生在茶树体内,而是表现在茶树根系的吸收上。对Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃａ和Ｍｇ含量的影响,则无论是叶面喷锌还是土施锌,均表现为茶树多数部位降低,其中土施对这此元素的影响比叶面喷施明显。施锌对Ｃｕ和Ｎａ含量的影响不大。从施锌对茶叶产量、品质和对矿质养分吸收进行综合评价来看,茶树施锌以叶面喷施为宜。     

茶树的钙镁营养及土壤调控

通过多年的大量分析结果表明,正常生长的茶树各器官中的钙、镁保持有一定的含量和比例,钙随组织老化而积累,而镁总是趋向新生的幼嫩组织,Ｃａ／Ｍｇ值则随组织老化而急速增大。叶中的Ｃａ／Ｍｇ值＞ｌ,根中的Ｃａ／Ｍｇ值＜１。茶叶品级随Ｃａ／Ｍｇ值升高而降低。茶树对土壤钙、镁的吸收,不仅取决于土壤活性钙、镁的绝对含量,同时也取决于钙镁的比例平衡。缺钙、缺镁或两者比例失调,对茶树生长和茶叶产量、品质均有一定的影响。文中还对钙、镁的土壤调控进行了讨论。     

Ca2+对水分胁迫条件下芒果叶片膜脂过氧化及膜保护系统的影响

以芒果幼苗为材料,研究Ｃａ２＋对水分胁迫条件下,叶片膜脂过氧化和膜保护系统的效应。结果表明：与对照叶片相比,涂施Ｃａ２＋后,叶片含水量、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性及Ｖｃ含量下降明显减慢;过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性上升加快且幅度加大,而下降延迟;丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）积累显著减少。Ｃａ２＋专一性螯合剂ＥＧＴＡ可削弱Ｃａ２＋的效应。ＣａＭ 拮抗剂氯丙嗪（ＣＰＺ）对叶片ＳＯＤ活性和ＰＯＤ活性有抑制作用,推测Ｃａ２＋可能通过与ＣａＭ结合调节相关酶活性,从而减轻水分胁迫对膜的伤害。      

茶树鲜叶矿质元素含量的季节变化

本文对福建４种茶树鲜叶中１８种矿质元素含量的季节变化进行了研究，结果表明：（１）４种茶树鲜叶中１８种元素的含量均有季节差异；（２）１８种元素在茶树鲜叶中含量的季节变化相似性状况可分为３种类型；（３）鲜叶元素含量季节变化类型元素间的相似性，在同种茶树之间更为明显；（４）茶树鲜叶元素含量的季节变化在一些元素间存在显著相关性；（５）鲜叶元素含量的季节变化具有显著相关性的元素对。     

Ca~(2 )对芒果果实后熟效应的研究

以７～８成熟的芒果果实为材料,比较果实减压渗钙与否对后熟的效应,研究与果实后熟相关酶类的活性和钙调蛋白（ＣａＭ）含量的动态变化,寻找它们之间的相互关系。结果表明：对照果实或者Ｃａ２＋处理果实在后熟过程中,ＣａＭ含量均发生变化,与此同时,伴随着多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（ＰＧ）、淀粉酶（Ａｍｇｌａｓｅ）活性的变化,它们之间存在极显著的相关性。Ｃａ２＋对果实后熟具有双重效应,当Ｃａ２＋处理果实置于室温下时,ＣａＭ含量、ＰＧ、淀粉酶活性明显受到抑制,后熟延缓。但把Ｃａ２＋处理果实冷藏（１２ ｄ）后回至室温第 ３～４ ｄ时,或直接减压渗钙果肉切片,其ＣａＭ含量、ＰＧ、淀粉酶活性增加,后熟加快。外源乙烯能解除Ｃａ２＋的抑制效应。并讨论了Ｃａ２＋的这些效应的可能机制。     

福建茶树鲜叶含氟量的研究

对福建省三个茶区的主要茶树品种鲜叶的含氟量研究结果表明：茶树叶片（尤其是老叶）是氟的主要积累器官,整株叶片的氟积累量占全株氟积累量的９８．１％。鲜叶（一芽三叶）中的含氟量是二、三茶＞四茶＞头茶。品种间的鲜叶含氟量差异显著。在３种地貌－土壤条件下,鲜叶的含氟量与土壤全氟及水溶氟含量密切相关,均为潮土＞红黄壤＞紫色土。鲜叶含氟量还受坡向的影响,它与不同坡向的土壤水溶氟含量差异一致,即：南坡＞北坡。     

高浓度镉胁迫对茶树生理及吸收积累特性的影响

以名山白毫品种茶苗为材料,通过土壤盆栽实验,研究了高浓度镉胁迫对茶树生长、生理及吸收积累特性的影响。结果表明,土壤添加0~120mg/kg镉,茶树未表现出明显受害症状。但随镉胁迫浓度的增加,各器官生长量、叶绿素合成和光合作用均受到明显抑制;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均逐渐降低;丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸（Pro）含量以及相对电导率（RC）大幅上升。茶树各器官镉含量（y）与镉胁迫浓度（x₁）、土壤有效态镉含量（x₂）均呈显著或极显著性正相关关系,各器官镉积累量高低顺序为：细根>粗根>主茎>枝条>叶片>新梢。土壤中有效态镉向茶树迁移是各器官所积累镉的主要来源,镉在茶树体内大部分被细根、粗根固定,向地上部运输的比例较低。     

茶树内生细菌的分布规律初探

以铁观音、黄旦、毛蟹等9种茶树品种一年生有性系苗和扦插苗为试验材料,分别对茶树不同器官的内生细菌数量进行测定分析,结果表明：茶树的根、茎、叶中均存在大量的内生细菌。内生细菌数量在茶树不同器官中的分布规律为：侧根〉主根〉茎部〉叶片。器官间内生细菌数量的差异达到显著水平,茶树有性系后代和无性系品种器官间内生细菌数量的变异系数分别为70.8%和31.9%。茶树有性系后代的侧根和主根的内生细菌数量多于无性系茶树品种;而无性系茶树品种的茎部和叶片内生细菌数多于茶树有性系后代。     

黄棪对元素硒的生物积累特征

本文研究了黄品种茶树对元素硒的生物积累特征。结果表明，黄各器官对元素硒的生物积累呈中等与强积累程度，生物积累系数BAC在n×10°～n×10－1之间，其中细根（5．53）居首位，其次是皮（4．43）与叶（3．69）；各器官含硒量为0，006～0．148μg／g，其中，皮（0．148μg／g）最高，其次是叶与细根，都为0．140μg／g；而对硬的积累量，则以叶最高，可达37．97μg。     

Lime and phosphorus influence Kennebec potato yield and chemical composition

An experiment conducted in 1970 and 1971 with Kennebec potatoes on a Typic Cryothod near Willow Creek in Alaska compared the effects of seven P rates, with and without lime, on yields and chemical content of foliage and tubers. Each P increment increased plant vigor, foliage and tuber yields, P percentage in both foliage and tubers, K, Ca, and Sr concentration in the foliage and tubers, K, Ca, and Sr concentration in the foliage, and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg uptake by both foliage and tubers. The higher P rates depressed the A1 and Fe concentration in the foliage and the Ba in the tubers. Additions of high rates of P also tended to increase available P in the soil. Lime application decreased soil acidity, increased plant vigor, practically eliminated physiological leaf necrosis, and increased Ca and depressed Mn and Zn concentrations of both foliage and tubers. Lime further depressed the concentrations of A1, Ba, B, Cu, Fe, and Sr in the foliage and the Ba of the tubers. The uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na were also increased with lime applications because yields were greatly increased. Comparison of Ca/Mn and Mn/Fe ratios with those of another researcher (5) suggested a possible Mn toxicity. The concentrations of N and Cr in both foliage and tubers, and the amount of P, K, Na, A1, B, Cu, Fe, and Sr in the tubers were not influenced significantly by lime.     

Genome wide association studies (GWAS) of element contents in grain with a special focus on zinc and iron in a world collection of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Genome wide association studies (GWAS) were carried out to map Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) associated with element contents in the grain using 336 spring barley. Of the elements analyzed, Fe content ranged from 21.9 to 91.0 mg kg⁻¹, Zn from 10.4 to 54.5 mg kg⁻¹, Ba from 0.2 to 8.9, Ca from 186.4 to 977.5, Cu from 1.5 to 9.8, K from 353.2 to 7721.5, Mg from 1049.8 to 2024.2, Mn from 8.1 to 22.9, Na from 55.9 to 627.9, P from 2272.9 to 5428.8, S from 880.7 to 1898.0, Si from 19.1 to 663.2, and Sr from 0.35 to 2.62 mg kg⁻¹. GWAS were carried out using 6519 SNP markers and multiple elements in MLM:PCA + K model in TASSEL software. Population analyses showed two sub-populations, primarily based on row types. GWAS for row types showed association with INTERMEDIUM-C, a modifier gene for lateral spikelet fertility in the 4H chromosome, validating current GWAS approach. GWAS also showed that 2 QTL for Ba, 2 for Ca, 4 for Cu, 11 for Fe, 2 for K, 3 for Mg, 6 for Mn, 4 for Na, 3 for S, 5 for Si, and 3 for Zn were mapped in barley chromosomes. The QTL identified in the current study are valuable for breeding nutrient dense barley cultivars in the future, especially Zn and Fe.     

Limitation of multi-elemental fingerprinting of wheat grains: Effect of cultivar,sowing date,and nutrient management

Multi-element fingerprinting demonstrates some potential for tracing the origin of agricultural products but not for discriminating among crop cultivars and nutrient management (source, rate). With principal component analysis (PCA) and univariate statistics, we examined 19 elements in grains from two winter wheat cultivars (Hereford, Mariboss) grown with different rates of animal manure (AM) or mineral fertilisers (NPK) in a long-term field experiment and two sowing dates (early, timely).Nitrogen, Cd and Mn related to NPK, and Mo and Na to AM. Barium, Fe, and P reflected nutrient rate; these elements increased with nutrient rate regardless of source. Unmanured grains were enriched in Cu. Mariboss was characterized by higher concentrations of Sr, Ba and Sc compared to Hereford with Sr in grain as the main separator. Univariate statistics showed higher concentrations of N, P, Mg, Ba, Cu, Mo and Zn in early sown than in timely sown wheat. Compared with Hereford grains Mariboss was higher in P, Mg, Ba, Cu and Sr but lower in Mn, Mo and Zn. Thus, confounding effects of cultivar, sowing date, nutrient source and rate limits the potential of multi-element analysis in discriminating among agricultural products from different sites and cropping systems.     

粳稻“龙锦1号/香软米1578” F3家系群糙米矿质元素含量变异及相关性分析

 利用粳稻品种间杂交组合“龙锦1号/香软米1578”的196份F3家系,对糙米中Fe、Se、Zn、Cu、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na和P等10种矿质元素含量的变异及其相关性进行了分析。 10种矿质元素在F3家系间均有较大的变异,其中Na含量变异最大,Zn含量变异最小,变异系数分别为77.69％和12.04％。各矿质元素含量的变异系数大小顺序为Na>Se>Cu>Fe>Mg>Mn>Ca>P>K>Zn。不同矿质元素含量也有较大的差异,F3家系群各矿质元素含量平均值高低排序为P>K>Mg>Ca>Fe>Mn>Zn>Na>Cu>Se。糙米中10种矿质元素含量在F3家系群中均表现为正态分布,为由多基因控制的数量性状。Zn与Fe、Cu,Mn与Mg、Ca、K、P,Ca与Mg、K、Na、P,Mg与K、P,P与K、Na含量呈显著或极显著正相关,而Fe与Se、Mn与Na、Mg与Na含量呈显著或极显著负相关。Mn、Ca、Mg、K、P含量与其他矿质元素含量间的相关关系较Fe、Se、Cu、Zn含量与其他矿质元素含量间的相关关系更为密切。     

Sodium fertilizer application to pasture. 4. Effects on mineral uptake and the sodium and potassium status of steers

Mineral availability and status in body tissues was examined with four rumen-fistulated steers arranged in a Latin-square change-over design. The steers were fed perennial ryegrass herbage from a pasture fertilized with four Na treatments: 0 (Nil), 32 (Low), 66 (Medium) or 96 (High) kg Na ha^-1 yr^-1. Na fertilizer increased herbage contents and intakes of Na, Mg and Ca but did not affect intakes of K, P and S. Herbage K:Na and K:(Ca+Mg) decreased in direct proportion to the amount of Na fertilizer applied. With increasing dietary Na intake, the Na content of saliva increased and the K content decreased. There was an increase in Na and a reciprocal decrease in K contents of rumen fluid with increasing dietary Na. Blood plasma Na contents were greater when the Na-treated herbages were fed than in the Nil treatment. There was no effect of treatment on blood plasma K content. Increasing dietary Na increased urinary Na but did not affect urinary K. Faecal mineral concentrations of Na, Ca, P and S were increased by increasing dietary Na, whereas K content was reduced and the Mg content was unaffected. There was no difference between treatments in the proportion of mineral rapidly solubilized, except Na which increased with increasing dietary Na content. The fractional rate of degradation was greater for Na, K, and Mg than for Ca and P. Based on effective solubilization, minerals were ranked in the order K > (Mg = Na) > Ca > P, and treatments were in the order Medium > (High = Low) > Nil. Increasing Na intake increased Ca but not P or Mg availability and increased the uptake of all three minerals.     

全反射X-射线荧光法分析茶叶中的矿质元素

用全反射X -射线荧光法 (TXRF)分析了江西婺绿和宁红茶的矿质元素含量。结果表明 ,所测茶叶中P、S、K、Ca的含量在 2 4 70～ 30 70 0 μg/g ;Mn、Fe在 2 0 6～ 10 70 μg/g ;Ti、Ni、Cu、Zn、Rb、Sr、Ba在 5 5～ 12 2 μg/g ;Pb含量均小于 4 0 μg/g (干基 )。宁红还表现出 ,品质越好 ,P、Ni、Zn含量越高 ,而K、Ca、Mn、Sr、Ba含量则相反。茶汤中K、Rb、Ni的浸出率为 30 5%～ 86 4% ;P、S、Mn、Cu、Zn、Sr为 11 6 %～ 4 2 4% ;Ca为 7 2 %～ 12 6 % ;Fe为 1 1% -2 6 %。茶汤中Ti、Ba、Pb的含量均低于TXRF法的检测限。宁红茶汤还表现出 ,品质越好 ,K、Ca、Mn、Zn、Rb、Sr的浸出率越高。但红茶汤中的K、Zn、Rb、Ni浸出率明显低于绿茶     

铜与锌对茶树生育特性及生理代谢的影响Ⅲ．施铜对茶树体内铜及其他矿质元素吸收的影响

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不同品种椰子凋落叶的营养成分分析

测定6个不同品种椰子凋落叶中的营养成分。结果表明,6个品种椰子凋落叶的叶柄中C、N、P、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn营养元素之间差异显著,其中Fe和Cu含量差异不显著;小叶中,C、N、P、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn营养元素之间差异显著,其中Cu含量差异不显著。同时,小叶中的C、N、Fe、Mn、Zn含量高于叶柄,而叶柄中的P、K、Na、Ca、Mg含量高于小叶。     

不同木薯种质资源主要矿物质元素差异性分析

为了解不同木薯种质资源矿物质元素含量,优选含量丰富的品种,为木薯的综合利用提供数据支撑,本文采用马弗炉法、原子吸收和原子荧光法分别对113份木薯种质资源灰分与矿物质元素含量进行测定,结果表明：矿物质元素Cr、Cu、Se含量均低于1 mg/kg（干重）,Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Zn含量分别为66.39~1609.81 mg/kg、4.35~ 38.93 mg/kg、1954.56~8762.78 mg/kg、149.04~1143.73 mg/kg、4.48~37.40 mg/kg、36.80~530.40 mg/kg、6.35~24.83 mg/kg。利用概率分级法将113份木薯种质资源灰分及矿物质元素含量分为5级,即极高、高、中、低和极低,并推荐极高品系作为基础亲本材料。在相关性分析中,灰分与Fe、Mg、Na、Zn含量具有较为显著的相关性,Ca含量与K、Mn含量呈极显著正相关,Ca含量与Mg、Na含量呈极显著负相关,Fe含量与Mg、Na、Zn含量成极显著正相关,K含量与Mn含量呈极显著正相关,与Na含量呈极显著负相关,Mg含量与Na、Zn含量呈极显著正相关,Zn含量与Mn、Na含量呈极显著正相关。Zn与各矿物质元素的吸收有较强的相互促进作用,Fe含量与Mg、Na含量有较强的相互促进作用,Ca含量与K、Mn的吸收有较强的促进作用,而Ca、K、Mn与Fe、Mg、Na的吸收可能存在一定的拮抗作用。结合主成分分析、聚类分析对不同木薯种质资源矿物质元素含量进行综合评价,得到特征值大于1的主成分2个,累计方差贡献率达61.707%。聚类分析可将113个木薯种质资源分为3类,根据矿物质元素含量差异可将不同木薯品种分为Na、Mg、Zn、Fe含量较高和Mn、Ca、K、Zn含量较高两大类,主成分综合评价中‘274'‘50'‘571'‘521'‘417'等木薯种质资源得分较高。     

不同树龄橡胶RRIM600养分含量比较研究

以不同年龄阶段的橡胶无性系RRIM600为研究材料，对各器官(树叶、鲜茎、树根、树皮、树干、胶乳)中五大养分元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg的含量进行研究。结果表明：(1)各养分元素在各器官中的高低顺序，树叶为：N＞K＞Ca＞Mg＞P；树枝为：K＞Ca＞N＞P＞Mg；树根为：Ca＞N＞K＞Mg＞P；树皮为：Ca＞K＞N＞Mg＞P；树干为：N＞K＞Ca＞Mg＞P；胶乳为：N＞K＞P＞Mg＞Ca。橡胶树各养分的高低顺序为：N＞Ca＞K＞Mg＞P。(2)不同器官所含养分的高低顺序，N含量高低顺序为：树叶＞树根＞树枝＞胶乳＞树皮＞树干；P为：树叶＞树枝＞树根＞胶乳＞树干＞树皮；K为：树叶＞树枝＞树根＞树皮＞胶乳＞树干；Ca为：树皮＞树根＞树枝＞树叶＞树干＞胶乳；Mg为：树叶＞树根＞树皮＞树枝＞树干＞胶乳。不同器官养分总含量高低顺序为：树叶＞树皮＞树根＞树枝＞胶乳＞树干。(3)各器官养分含量与月份和树龄之间建立的直线回归均达显著差异，橡胶RRIM600树叶、树枝、树皮、树干和胶乳养分含量主要受月份影响，树根主要受树龄影响；N、P、K、Ca、Mg均主要受月份影响。