干旱对两种金花茶幼苗抗氧化能力及渗透物质含量的影响

以龙州和显脉两种金花茶幼苗为材料,通过缺水方式进行干旱胁迫处理,以探讨金花茶幼苗抗氧化能力以及渗透含量变化对干旱胁迫的响应.结果表明:(1)随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,金花茶幼苗叶片的相对含水量、叶绿素含量逐渐减少,但相对电导率、H202、MDA、可溶性总糖、脯氨酸的含量却逐渐升高；叶片的抗氧化酶SOD、CAT活性呈先升后降的趋势.(2)干旱胁迫下,与显脉金花茶相比,龙州金花茶的叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性较高,其叶片的相对电导率、H202和MDA积累量低于显脉金花茶.说明叶片的高活性的抗氧化能力和渗透物质含量的增加促进龙州金花茶叶片的保水能力,减轻干旱胁迫伤害.     

云南金花茶花的矿质元素及功能成分分析

以云南金花茶的花朵、花蕾为材料,对其矿质元素、生理活性成分进行了测定。结果表明:云南金花茶的花朵和花蕾中富含人体所需的多种矿质元素,其中常量元素均以K元素含量最为丰富,分别为23.48 g/kg和23.30 g/kg;微量元素则以Si元素含量最为丰富,分别为1.30 g/kg和1.73 g/kg;此外,花朵和花蕾中也含有茶多酚、总黄酮和粗多糖,其中以茶多酚居多,分别为5.08%和2.71%。研究结果为云南金花茶的花朵和花蕾的开发利用提供了理论依据。     

贵州金花茶茶花与芽叶制茶生化指标评价

为贵州金花茶茶花与春梢芽叶的代用茶产品加工技术研究提供参考依据,采用分光光度计法、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法等方法测定贵州金花茶茶花和春梢一芽三叶传统蒸青样中的常规生化指标.结果表明,与已报道的金花茶组植物相比,贵州金花茶茶花和春梢芽叶中具有高茶多酚、高钙和高锌特点;贵州金花茶茶花中硒含量为54μg/100g,具有打造富硒金花茶的潜质;贵州金花茶茶花和春梢芽叶中的总黄酮含量较高,黄酮甙元主要为山奈酚和槲皮素;贵州金花茶茶花和春梢芽叶中常规氨基酸组分较少(茶花中2种、芽叶中8种),主要包含精氨酸、酪氨酸、甘氨酸和蛋氨酸4种.     

花生属种间杂种及其早期多倍体世代生理特性变化研究

为了研究花生属异源多倍体进化过程中的生理特性遗传变化规律,以花生区组栽野种间杂种F1、早期多倍体世代(S0~S3)及其亲本为材料,分析植株叶片中的脯氨酸、丙二醛、可溶性糖和叶绿素含量以及过氧化物酶活性等抗病抗逆相关生理生化指标的变化特征。结果表明,杂种F1代各项生理指标都高于亲本,表现出明显的杂种优势;染色体加倍后的S0~S1代植株叶片中的POD活性、脯氨酸含量和叶绿素含量均高于F1代,S1~S3代各项生理指标伴随着自交代数的增加而逐渐降低,但仍高于母本栽培种,说明染色体加倍后的多倍体植株可能具有更强的抗病、抗旱等抗逆和环境适应能力。     

茶树优异资源评价与遗传稳定性研究

鉴定评价了200份种质资源的农艺性状、加工品质、生化成分、抗寒性等。筛选出品质超过国家品种的优异资源6份、茶多酚含量>38％的资源4份、咖啡碱含量>5.2％的资源6份、咖啡碱含量<1.0％的资源2份。对资源扦插后代的DNA多态性、同工酶酶谱特征以及花粉形态结构研究表明,无性后代的遗传性基本稳定。     

5份广东红紫芽茶树资源的叶片植物学特征及主要生化成分分析

红紫芽茶树资源因其富含花青素,具有较好的保健功能而备受关注。本研究对5份广东红紫芽茶树资源的叶片植物学特征和主要生化成分进行了分析,结果表明:5份红紫芽茶树资源的花青素含量均高于正常绿叶茶树,花青素含量最高的是资源1,为0.23%,其中资源1、5的综合品质较突出,可作为今后红紫芽茶树资源开发利用的对象。     

能源植物斑茅在不同生长时期的产量与组分变化

研究不同时期斑茅产量及其化学组分的变化。结果表明:斑茅生物质产量在11月达到最高,其后开始下降;整个生长发育过程中茎叶生物质产量比呈现上升趋势;含水量随生长发育的进行显著降低;叶片灰分含量全年最低为5月,从10月份开始显著增加,至12月份达到最高。茎秆灰分含量略低于叶片,全年最低为10月,最高为7月,变化幅度不大。叶片中木质素含量全年由高到低排列顺序为12月11月9月10月7月8月6月;茎秆中木质素含量全年由高到低排列顺序为12月11月9月7月8月10月6月。10月份茎秆含水量低,灰分含量最低,热值较高,结合产量和燃料品质考虑其更适于直接燃烧,而9月份叶片则更加适于作为生物转化的材料。     

福州8种主要茉莉花茶特征香气成分比较与分析

采用同时蒸馏-萃取法和气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对福州地区的8种茉莉花茶进行香气成分的测定,同时采用内标法确定各香气成分的相对含量,并对结果进行比较与特征分析。结果表明,在8种茉莉花茶样品中挥发性化合物达47~55种,特征香气中共同的挥发性化合物有26种,包括醇类、醛类、酯类、酸类、酮类、酚类、杂环类、烃类等八大类化合物;萜烯指数的范围为0.937~0.970;茉莉花茶香气指数的范围为2.752~5.632。综合对8种茉莉花茶的等级进行评价,结果显示：茉莉龙芽、茉莉针王、生态花茶品质最高;茉莉银毫、茉莉龙毫和茉莉大白毫次之;茉莉白龙珠和特级花茶等级最低。该研究为有效区分福州茉莉花茶提供了理论依据。     

云南茶树优异种质资源的鉴定评价与筛选

从农艺性状、加工品质、生化成分、抗性等方面,对云南500份茶树种质资源进行了全面系统的鉴定和评价。采用近100项评定指标,筛选出52份优质资源,其中：四项常规成分含量均衡的32份;发芽特早生的2份;超常规水平的高多酚（>38%）含量5份、高咖啡碱（>5.2%）7份、低咖啡碱（<1%）的2份、高茶黄素（>1.6%）10份;水浸出物含量>48%的26份;抗根结线虫较强的2份;抗假眼小绿叶蝉较强的1份;抗咖啡小爪螨虫较强的2份;抗寒性较强的6份。     

21个茶树优良单株生化成分分析与特异资源筛选

连续3年对筛选的21个优良单株进行主要生化成分分析,结果表明:不同年份间生化成分含量茶多酚、咖啡碱、酚氨比存在显著差异,氨基酸、水浸出物差异不显著;酚氨比与氨基酸含量的变异系数最大。3年水浸出物含量与茶多酚相关系数分别为0.564、0.664和0.761,均呈中度正相关,氨基酸、咖啡碱与水浸出物、茶多酚之间均无显著相关性。对21个优良单株5个生化成分进行聚类,可分为3个类群,第Ⅰ类群为适制红茶资源,第Ⅱ类群适制绿茶资源,第Ⅲ类群为红绿茶兼制资源。并从中筛选出高氨基酸特异资源3份(≥5%),高水浸出物特异资源8份(≥40%),高茶多酚特异资源8份(≥25%)。     

黑龙江省高皂甙大豆种质资源筛选

为了筛选黑龙江省高皂甙种质资源,采用酶标仪比色法分别检测了黑龙江省15份野生大豆(Glycine soja)、55份栽培大豆(Glycine.max)的皂甙含量.结果表明:不同类型大豆皂甙含量有明显遗传差异,变幅为1156.97～3977.84 μg·g-1.栽培大豆的皂甙含量高于野生大豆,筛选出高皂甙含量的野生大豆种质资源1份、栽培大豆种质资源3份.     

金花茶松散型愈伤组织诱导与悬浮细胞系建立

采用组织培养及显微观察技术,以金花茶植株茎段、叶片、花药及离体培养的金花茶体细胞胚为试验材料,对松散型愈伤组织的获得及悬浮细胞系的建立进行了研究。结果表明:在黑暗条件下,以金花茶体细胞胚切块为外植体,在MS+KT 0.5 mg/L+NAA 8.0 mg/L+硝酸银5mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L培养基上诱导出愈伤组织后,将其转接到该诱导培养基上连续培养3个月,最后从培养物中挑选状态良好的松散型愈伤组织在分别含有肌醇与硝酸银的2种培养基上交替培养,可以获得金花茶松散型愈伤组织;方差分析表明:蔗糖添加量、肌醇添加量及硝酸银添加量均对金花茶悬浮培养液细胞密度有显著影响且后两者分别与光照条件存在相互作用;将松散型愈伤组织在分别添加100 mg/L肌醇与2.5 mg/L硝酸银的液体增殖培养基上交替培养,可以建立并保持金花茶悬浮细胞系。该研究结果可为金花茶大规模细胞培养提供科学依据。     

木薯种质资源淀粉特性分析与评价

为了评价和筛选出淀粉品质优良的木薯资源,对212份国内外栽培木薯种质块根淀粉产量性状及淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、粘度峰值和糊化温度5个重要淀粉特性指标进行研究。结果表明,不同木薯资源各淀粉特性差异较大,不同指标间有一定的相关性,利用概率分级法将8个淀粉产量及特性性状分为5级,即极低、低、中、高和极高,推荐极高品系可作为木薯淀粉品质育种利用的基础亲本材料,其中直链淀粉含量极高资源共17份;支链淀粉含量极高资源共18份。利用主成分分析得出前2个主成分反映木薯参试资源块根淀粉特性的83.79%信息,第1主成分主要包括淀粉率、直链淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量,隶属函数法综合评价得出,‘SM2300-1’等12份木薯资源淀粉综合特性最好,更适合木薯淀粉的深加工与利用。     

文心兰种质遗传多样性的SRAP分析

利用SRAP标记分析文心兰部分种质资源的遗传多样性，采用30对引物组合对33份文心兰种质进行扩增，从中筛选出19个多态性较高的引物组合，共产生277条多态性条带，平均每个引物组合产生14.6个多态性条带，相似系数在0.280～0.927。通过聚类分析发现，在值为0.37时，可将33份文心兰种质划分为4大类群。第Ⅰ类厚叶大花品种，第Ⅱ类为厚叶小花品种，第Ⅲ、第Ⅳ类均为类薄叶品种。 结果表明，文心兰种质的聚类与其遗传背景有很大的关系。     

Qualitative and Quantitative Saponin Contents in Five Sea Cucumbers from the Indian Ocean

To avoid predation, holothuroids produce feeding-deterrent molecules in their body wall and viscera, the so-called saponins. Five tropical sea cucumber species of the family Holothuriidae were investigated in order to study their saponin content in two different organs, the body wall and the Cuvierian tubules. Mass spectrometry techniques (MALDI- and ESI-MS) were used to detect and analyze saponins. The smallest number of saponins was observed in Holothuria atra, which contained a total of four congeners, followed by Holothuria leucospilota, Pearsonothuria graeffei and Actinopyga echinites with six, eight and ten congeners, respectively. Bohadschia subrubra revealed the highest saponin diversity (19 congeners). Saponin mixtures also varied between the two body compartments within a given animal. A semi-quantitative approach completed these results and showed that a high diversity of saponins is not particularly correlated to a high saponin concentration. Although the complexity of the saponin mixtures described makes the elucidation of their respective biological roles difficult, the comparisons between species and between body compartments give some clues about how these molecules may act as predator repellents.     

不同产地西洋参中总皂苷含量的比较研究

目的 通过测定比较西洋参中总皂苷含量,以了解不同产地对其含量变化的影响.方法 用乙醚脱脂,水饱和正丁醇超声萃取纯化皂苷后,以硫酸-香草醛为显色剂,采用比色法测定西洋参中总皂苷含量.结果 西洋参总皂苷含量由高到低依次为吉林长白地区＞山东＞吉林通化＞吉林抚松＞北京怀柔.结论 我国不同产地西洋参总皂苷含量虽有差异,但不明显.     

Reevaluation ofSolanum species accessions showing resistance to bacterial ring rot

One hundred and fifty-six plant accessions, including susceptible checks, from the IR-1 collection were evaluated for resistance/immunity to bacterial ring rot (BRR). Each accession selected had been previously rated as highly resistant to BRR based on symptom expression but, in our tests, 57 of them yielded no plants which failed to produce symptoms. However, the remaining 99, represented by a total of 2589 inoculated plants, yielded 1000 plants which failed to produce BRR symptoms after eight weeks. Immunofluorescent antibody stain testing showed that 679 of the symptomless plants supported detectable numbers ofCorynebacterium sepedonicum cells. Comparison of root-inoculated and tuber-inoculated accessions showed that root-inoculations yielded significantly fewer symptomless and bacterial cell-free plants. No significant differences were found in BRR reactions of fiveSolanum spp. when inoculated with two different strains ofC. sepedonicum. Appreciable numbers of symptomless plants were obtained from inoculated progeny of crosses with resistant cultivars but none of those retested proved to be immune.     

海南油茶林土壤养分状况调查

为了给海南油茶的科学施肥提供参考，以五指山地区为重点调查了海南油茶林土壤的pH、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾和速效钾含量等养分状况。结果表明，海南油茶林土壤存在一定程度的酸化，碱解氮含量丰富，有机质、全氮和全钾含量中等，速效磷和速效钾含量偏低，全磷极度匮乏。海南油茶林土壤养分管理应根据土壤养分状况，实行配方施肥，防止土壤进一步酸化。     

Potential for improving freezing stress tolerance of wild potato germplasm by supplemental calcium fertilization

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of supplemental calcium fertilization on the levels of freezing tolerance in different wild potato species. For this purpose, the freezing tolerance of a broad spectrum of theSolatium taxa was evaluated with and without supplemental calcium fertilization. Previous studies have shown that there is a large variation in the calcium accumulation capabilities among species and among various accessions within species. While this study confirms such variation, no direct relationship between the leaf calcium content and the improvement in freezing tolerance was found. Nevertheless, overall 45% of the species accessions had significant higher leaf calcium content and 52% of the species accessions showed a significant drop in the frost score average at the p<0.05 level. In terms of this experiment, a drop in the frost scores meant an improvement to withstand cold. One third of the frost tolerant accessions and 41% of the frost sensitive accessions showed both, a significant increase in leaf calcium content and at the same time a significant lower average frost score. The different response observed among the accessions may suggest that even though most of the accessions are able to accumulate calcium, only some of them may have the ability to benefit from the supplemental calcium. Future breeding schemes may be able to use this information for selecting clones that would respond positively to calcium fertilization in terms of frost survival. Results of this study also suggest that calcium fertilization may be used as a rather inexpensive cultural practice for protecting potatoes from frost damage. The results of the present study also suggest that soil calcium levels should be taken into consideration when freezing tolerance of potato germplasm is being evaluated.