人工microRNAs干扰At3A06基因增强了拟南芥对菌核病的敏感性

基于本研究室自主开发的油菜防御cDNA芯片分析结果,油菜基因Bn3A06受菌核病诱导后特异上调表达。序列比对发现,该基因与拟南芥基因At3A06高度同源,后者编码289个氨基酸,功能未知。本研究用花序浸染法将At3A06基因的人工微RNA(amiRNA)干扰载体(该载体包含一个除草剂草胺磷抗性基因)转化拟南芥。经草胺磷筛选获得3株T1代转基因植株,PCR检测均为阳性;荧光定量PCR检测表明,与野生型对照相比,3个转基因植株的At3A06基因的表达量均显著降低;对其T2代进行菌核病抗性鉴定,结果显示转基因株系对菌核病的敏感性均显著增强(P0.05)。推测At3A06基因可能参与了植物的防御反应,与植株对核盘菌抗性相关。     

Mapping of putative sucking inhibitory gene to whitebacked planthopper by linkage analysis with CAPS markers

Resistance to whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) in Chinese japonica rice Chunjiang 06 (CJ-06) was mediated by sucking inhibitory and ovicidal mechanism.     

中国粳稻春江06抗白背飞虱的遗传

分析了高抗白背飞虱、对白背飞虱的抗性表现为拒取食性和杀卵作用的中国粳稻春江06和感虫籼稻品种TN1正反交获得的F1和F2代拒取食性和杀卵作用的遗传方式.所有的F1稻株都具有拒取食和杀卵作用.两种抗性在F2代中以3∶1的抗感比例独立分离. 具有拒取食和杀卵抗性的不同组合的4种表现型以9∶3∶3∶1分离.表型分离说明春江06中的拒取食性和杀卵抗性分别受一个显性基因控制.采用常规的杂交方法可以容易地将春江06中的拒取食抗性导入日本粳稻品种日本晴、北陆-153和越光中.     

一种毛尖茶叶多糖MTP06的提取分离及其活性测定

本研究对一种毛尖茶叶多糖的结构与活性开展了研究。采用水提醇沉法提取毛尖茶叶粗多糖,经除蛋白后得到精制多糖(MP),以不同的柱层析方法对MP进行多次分离纯化,得到1个均一组分的毛尖茶叶多糖(Maojian Tea Polysaccharides No.06,MTP06)。采用1,1–二苯基–2–三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除、小鼠免疫细胞RAW264.7增殖、吞噬能力和产生NO等试验方法对MTP06的活性进行研究。结果显示MTP06对0.1 mmol·L~(-1) DPPH溶液的自由基清除率为30.85%,对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7的增殖、吞噬能力和产生NO的能力均有促进作用,与空白对照组间有显著差异(P0.01),且质量浓度为500 mg·L~(-1)时,活性最大。     

中国粳稻品种春江06的抗白背飞虱机理

与感虫杂交稻汕优63相比较,研究了具有抗性的中国粳稻春江06对白背飞虱的抗性.结果表明,春江06高抗白背飞虱.迁入的白背飞虱拒绝在春江06上着陆,也不能在其上繁殖种群;而白背飞虱更趋向于在汕优63上定居,并繁殖良好.在自由选择的试验条件下,选择春江06的白背飞虱数量显著地低于选择汕优63的.白背飞虱在春江06上平均每天每只雌成虫分泌的蜜露量仅为4.8 mg,而在汕优63上为17.4 mg,表明春江06明显抑制白背飞虱的取食活动.如果让刚羽化的白背飞虱在春江06上连续取食和产卵的话,其产卵能力和卵孵化能力明显降低.白背飞虱在春江06和汕优63上的平均产卵量分别为每只雌成虫42.4个和133.6个,孵化率分别为20.1%和64.5%;在春江06上孵化出的若虫数量只有在汕优63上的10%左右.白背飞虱卵在春江06的水渍状产卵部位有很高的死亡率.在卵孵化之前,水渍状褐变部位迅速形成坏死症状.卵死亡出现在产卵后的1～2 d内.这样的水渍状褐变则极少发生在卵孵化正常的汕优63上.根据以上的发现,可总结出在春江06对白背飞虱的抗性中,抑制取食和杀卵作用是关键的因素.这些作用分别与对迁入白背飞虱的忌避性机理、与居留型白背飞虱产卵能力和卵孵化能力下降的抗生性机理相关.这种品种抗虫性的双抗机理使得粳稻品种春江06具有了稳定和持久的田间抗虫性.     

大豆GmFDL06基因抗干旱及耐盐性研究

bZIP转录因子在植物防卫反应和逆境胁迫应答过程中起着十分重要的作用,大豆GmFDL06是bZIP转录因子家族A组成员,其表达水平受PEG和高盐胁迫影响。本研究分析了GmFDL06转基因大豆苗期的抗干旱和耐盐性。PEG和盐处理后GmFDL06转基因植株的相对植株高度(RPH)和相对植株干重(RSDW)显著高于非转基因大豆东农50。在盐胁迫下,GmFDL06转基因植株比东农50伤害程度低,并且GmFDL06过表达减少了Na~+离子积累,降低了盐胁迫带来的伤害,且过表达GmFDL06促进了下游逆境胁迫基因的表达。这些研究结果表明GmFDL06参与大豆非生物胁迫反应,并有潜力改善大豆的干旱和盐胁迫耐受性,为大豆抗逆基因的研究及抗逆大豆材料的筛选提供了依据。     

根际促生细菌对干旱胁迫下水稻生理特性的影响

【目的】本研究旨在探究植物根际促生菌蜡状芽孢杆菌F06菌株对不同干旱胁迫下水稻汕优63生理特性的影响。【方法】在盆栽试验条件下,以水稻汕优63为种植材料,研究了轻度(LD)、中度(MD)、重度(SD)3个干旱强度下接种蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)F06对水稻生理特征的影响。【结果】与正常水分管理相比,干旱胁迫(DS)下水稻叶片光合速率(P_n)和气孔导度(g_s)逐渐降低;而干旱胁迫下接种F06可显著减缓P_n和g_s下降,与不接种(NP)处理相比,P_n和g_s分别增加7.67%、12.97%、18.14%和11.51%、16.63%、17.07%,且呈现出随着干旱胁迫程度的提高,增幅增大的趋势。干旱胁迫下水稻叶片初始荧光(F_o)、非荧光淬灭系数(NPQ)显著上升,最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、光化学猝灭系数(q_P)显著下降;而干旱胁迫下接种F06可显著抑制F_o、NPQ升高和F_v/F_m、q_P降低,明显改善水稻叶片光能转换效率。干旱胁迫下接种F06虽然不能改变叶片水势、相对含水量和相对电导率的变化趋势,但可以有效降低其变幅。正常水分处理下接种F06虽然没有增加光合色素含量,但干旱环境下显著抑制了光合色素的分解或降低。干旱显著降低了水稻叶片和根系细胞分裂素(CTK)含量,增加了叶片中脱落酸(ABA)的含量;在干旱胁迫下,接种F06可显著提高叶片和根系中CTK的含量。【结论】由此可见,干旱生境下接种F06,可调节植物体内的激素含量,减少干旱胁迫下光合色素的分解或流失,提高光合速率,增强水稻在干旱环境中的适应能力。     

Resistance Performance to Whitebacked Planthopper in Different Phenotypes of Japonica/Indica Doubled Haploid Rice Lines

Field performance of whitebacked planthopper （WBPH）-resistance of four phenotypes was evaluated in Chunjiang 06 （C J-06） / TN1 DH rice lines, which were expressed by different combinations of sucking inhibitory and ovicidal traits inherited independently from C J-06. WBPH established the highest populations in susceptible DH lines that had neither sucking inhibitorynor ovicidal resistance. Both immigration and subsequent population levels were kept below the damage-causing density in the sucking inhibitory DH lines even under a WBPH outbreak. WBPH could not build up populations in the DH lines having both the sucking inhibitory and ovicidal resistance. Although WBPH immigrated preferentially to non-sucking inhibitory DH lines with ovicidal resistance, subsequent population buildup was significantly suppressed. It was concluded that the differential performance to WBPH-resistance in CJ-06 / TN1 DH lines was primarily due to the sucking inhibitory trait, and complementarity to the ovicidal trait.     

甘蓝型油菜BnaA06.mTERF1基因的功能及进化分析

在高等植物中,线粒体转录终止因子(mTERF)影响线粒体或叶绿体的基因表达及植物对逆境的反应等生物学过程。为了研究甘蓝型油菜中线粒体转录终止因子1(mTERF1)的功能,本研究以甘蓝型油菜品种中双11号为材料,在A06连锁群上克隆了mTERF1,该基因编码285个氨基酸,含有5个mTERF功能结构域。利用生物信息学分析筛选到37个甘蓝型油菜mTERF家族蛋白,并进行了系统进化树、基因结构及染色体定位分析。此外,构建甘蓝型油菜BnaA06.mTERF1基因的功能互补表达载体,转化拟南芥mTERF1(soldat10)突变体后,拟南芥的表型恢复到野生型(Ler),说明该基因在油菜和拟南芥中具有保守的功能。本研究填补了油菜中线粒体转录终止因子研究的空白,为进一步探究油菜中线粒体转录终止因子的分子功能奠定了基础。     

花生蛋白突变体籽粒不同发育时期转录组分析

花生是优质的食用蛋白资源,在食品工业中有广泛的应用。本研究通过对潍花8号进行EMS诱变获得蛋白质含量显著增加的突变体,并对潍花8号突变体及其野生型开花后20天、40天和60天的籽粒分别进行转录组测序,构建野生型（P05-20、P05-40、P05-60）和突变体（P06-20、P06-40、P06-60）样品文库。将野生型与突变体3个不同发育时期测序结果进行比对,分别获得2936、3329、2849个差异表达基因,上调的差异表达基因为1599、2471、707个,下调的差异表达基因为1337、858、2142个。对差异基因进行KEGG富集分析,分别得到26、23、31条具有显著差异的代谢通路,其中与蛋白质合成相关的通路有糖酵解/糖异生、脂肪酸生物合成、丙酮酸代谢,并在其中筛选到15个与蛋白质合成相关的候选基因。该转录组测序结果有利于揭示花生籽仁中蛋白质合成调控的相关基因,为更好地理解油料作物蛋白质合成机制提供了理论依据。     

水稻籼粳交DH群体白叶枯病抗性的QTL定位

以中抗白叶枯病的粳稻品种春江06、感病品种TN1及其DH群体为材料,接种白叶枯病菌浙173后,考察了该DH群体的白叶枯病抗性,并进行了数量性状座位(QTL)分析。共检测到控制白叶枯病的3个QTL（qBBR1、qBBR3 1和qBBR7）,分别位于第1、3和第7染色体上,其中第3染色体上的qBBR3 1和第7染色体上的qBBR7加性效应为正值;而位于第1染色体上的qBBR1为负值,3个QTL的总效应达54.4%。春江06中不存在白叶枯病抗性主基因,它的抗性由微效多基因控制,其中在第3和第7染色体上分别有1个QTL。     

Seed Germination and Coleoptile Growth of New Rice Lines Adapted to Hypoxic Conditions

We investigated the morpho-physiological traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.) during the germination and post-germination phases to explore avoidance of hypoxic conditions. We compared four lines selected for anaerobic germination (AG lines) with the variety IR42. The germination capacity of AG lines was higher than that of IR42. The germination percentages and coleoptile elongation differed among the four AG lines; IR06F459 showed the fastest germination and rapid coleoptile elongation. The coleoptiles of IR06F459 were significantly longer than those of IR42. The α-amylase activity in germinating seeds was significantly higher in IR06F459 than in IR42. At 2 days after sowing, the sucrose and glucose concentrations in germinating seeds were higher in IR06F459 than in IR42. These results show that IR06F459, an AG line with a long coleoptile, has high α-amylase activity and high sucrose and glucose concentrations in germinating seeds. These attributes partly explain its vigorous germination and coleoptile growth under hypoxic conditions.     

Inheritance of the Male Sterility in a New Photo/Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Line B06S of Rice

The major male sterile genes in a new photo/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) line B06S of rice were analyzed by the manipulation of mixture distribution theory. The results indicated that a pair of major male sterile nuclear genes with large effects were responsible for controlling the male sterility of B06S.     

Inheritance of the Male Sterility in a New Photo/Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Line B06S of Rice

The major male sterile genes in a new photo/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) line B06S of rice were analyzed by the manipulation of mixture distribution theory. The results indicated that a pair of major male sterile nuclear genes with large effects were responsible for controlling the male sterility of B06S.     

Inheritance of the Male Sterility in a New Photo/Thermo-Sensitive Genie Male Sterile Line B06S of Rice

The major male sterile genes in a new photo/thermo-sensitive genie male sterile (PTGMS) line B06S of rice were analyzed by the manipulation of mixture distribution theory. The results indicated that a pair of major male sterile nuclear genes with large effects were responsible for controlling the male sterility of B06S.     

电子记录白背飞虱的取食和产卵行为

摘要： 采用电子记录的方法,并结合蜜露量和产卵量测定,研究了白背飞虱在春江06,Rathu Heenati(RHT)和明恢63上的取食和产卵行为。结果表明：白背飞虱在RHT和春江06上的取食刺探频率显著高于明恢63,且取食韧皮部的时间明显少于明恢63;RHT和春江06对白背飞虱具有很强的拒取食作用,明恢63则较感虫;白背飞虱产卵的次数、每次持续时间、总时间及产卵量都不存在品种间的显著差异,具有杀卵作用的只有春江06。春江06具有杀卵和抑制取食两种抗虫性机制,RHT只具有抑制取食的机制,明恢63是感虫的杂交稻恢复系。     

Phenotypic Expression of Whitebacked Planthopper Resistance in the Newly Established japonica / indica Doubled Haploid Rice Population

A new doubled haploid (DH) rice population was established from a cross between WBPH-resistant japonica Chunjiang 06 (C J-06) and susceptible indica TN1. Sucking inhibitory and ovicidal resistance of the DH rice lines were evaluated on the basis of non-preference response of WBPH immigrants and honeydew excretion by WBPH females, and appearance of watery lesions in the necrotic discoloration of leaf sheaths ovipositied by WBPH,respectively. Both the major gene resistance to WBPH, sucking inhibitory and ovicidal resistance, showed 1 (resistant): 1 (susceptible) segregation ratio in the DH population. Relative density of WBPH populations and damage scores in the DH population indicated combined functions of both the major resistance genes as well as QTLs affecting the host plant response to WBPH infestations. Thus, the newly developed CJ-06/TN1 DH population could be a useful material to analyze major genes and QTLs for WBPH resistance in japonica rice.     

Phenotypic Expression of Whitebacked Planthopper Resistance in the Newly Established japonica ／ indica Doubled Haploid Rice Population

A new doubled haploid (DH) rice population was established from a cross between WBPH-resistant japonica Chunjiang 06 (C J-06) and susceptible indica TN1. Sucking inhibitory and ovicidal resistance of the DH rice lines were evaluated on the basis of non-preference response of WBPH immigrants and honeydew excretion by WBPH females, and appearance of watery lesions in the necrotic discoloration of leaf sheaths ovipositied by WBPH,respectively. Both the major gene resistance to WBPH, sucking inhibitory and ovicidal resistance, showed 1 (resistant): 1 (susceptible) segregation ratio in the DH population. Relative density of WBPH populations and damage scores in the DH population indicated combined functions of both the major resistance genes as well as QTLs affecting the host plant response to WBPH infestations. Thus, the newly developed CJ-06/-I-N1 DH population could be a useful material to analyze major genes and QTLs for WBPH resistance in japonica rice.     

DTOPSIS法综合评价甘蔗创新种质

运用DTOPSIS法对17份甘蔗创新种质及两份对照种进行综合评价。结果表明,云野07-58、云野06-34、云野06-28、云野07-129、云野06-464、云野07-99、云野06-141、云野07-133八份材料的综合性状优于双对照,云野07-124、云野06-185、云野07-98、云野07-114、云野07-10、云野06-216、云野07-100、云野06-168优于ROC10,次于ROC22,该组材料可作进一步试验观察,云野06-207次于双对照种,予以淘汰。     

微生物土壤活化剂对甘蔗根系及地上部分作用效果

利用大型容器对甘蔗品种ROC22和云蔗06-407进行桶栽种植,探讨微生物土壤活化剂对甘蔗根系及地上部分的作用效果。结果表明:(1)施用微生物土壤活化剂对ROC22、云蔗06-407的根系和地上部分的提高均有一定效果,其中对云蔗06-407效果更显著,云蔗06-407的株高和茎径分别增加12.37%和28.81%;地上鲜重和根系鲜重分别增长32.61%和37.10%,白根根长增长92.57%,白根表面积增长66.08%,以上指标除株高外差异均达显著水平。(2)侧根数量越多,根系平均直径越小。(3)甘蔗地上部分的茎径、株高和地上鲜重均与根系鲜重呈极显著正相关,相关性系数均在0.797 9以上。表明微生物土壤活化剂可促进甘蔗根系的生长,有利于提高株高和茎径,从而提高甘蔗产量。