不同品种鲜食玉米的营养成分及抗氧化活性比较

测定6个不同鲜食玉米品种的粗脂肪、蛋白质、淀粉、还原糖和总酚含量,对脂肪酸组成进行气相色谱分析。通过比较玉米浸膏的Fe~(3+)还原力和羟自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子(O_2-·)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除率,评价其抗氧化活性,探讨抗氧化活性与玉米总酚的相关性。结果表明,鲜食玉米含粗脂肪6.17%~13.63%、蛋白质9.57%~15.30%、淀粉58.90%~69.52%、还原糖33.51%~42.12%、总酚1.52~2.68 mg/g。迪甜6号、晋超甜1号和超甜1825的粗脂肪、蛋白质、还原糖、总酚含量较高;京科糯2000、美玉糯13和都市丽人淀粉含量较高;美玉糯13饱和脂肪酸含量较高;晋超甜1号不饱和脂肪酸含量较高。超甜1825的Fe~(3+)还原力最强,迪甜6号清除·OH、O_2-·、DPPH自由基能力较强,抗氧化活性与玉米总酚含量呈正相关。     

红茶菌饮料澄清度与抗氧化性能力的研究

初步研究了不同培养时间对红茶菌的澄清度与抗氧化能力的影响。实验结果表明:(1)随着培养时间的延长,红茶菌饮料澄清度逐渐降低,培养5d的红茶菌饮料澄清度较好,达80%以上;但是超过5d,红茶菌饮料澄清度显著降低。(2)红茶菌饮料具有较强清除1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-pierylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基和·OH自由基能力。研究结果表明:在前5d内,红茶菌饮料清除DPPH自由基和·OH自由基能力随之增强;但是培养5d后,清除DPPH自由基和·OH自由基能力反而发生了降低。     

不同武夷名丛鲜叶茶多糖组成分析及体外抗氧化活性比较研究

为了探明不同武夷名丛茶多糖组成和体外抗氧化活性差异,选取雀舌、瓜子金、胭脂柳、老君眉4个武夷名丛鲜叶为原料,通过水提醇沉淀法提取茶多糖,测定了4个品种鲜叶的茶多糖中中性糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质和茶多酚等组分含量,并比较了4个品种茶多糖清除1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼自由基(DPPH)、羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O₂^-·)活性的差异。结果表明,不同武夷名丛茶树品种鲜叶提取茶多糖得率不同,胭脂柳品种得率较高,老君眉得率较低;4个武夷名丛的茶多糖在中性糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质和茶多酚含量上存在较大差异;体外抗氧化活性测定结果显示,不同武夷名丛茶多糖清除DPPH、·OH和O₂^-·活性具有明显差异,但对3种自由基的清除能力均呈现出剂量-效应关系;4个品种的茶多糖清除DPPH和O₂^-·的IC₅₀值均高于阳性对照Vc,清除·OH的IC₅₀值均低于阳性对照Vc,表明雀舌、瓜子金、胭脂柳和老君眉4个品种的茶多糖是良好的·OH清除剂。研...     

椰子花序汁液中多糖的抗氧化活性

对椰子花序汁液(Coconut inflorescence sap,CIS)中多糖的抗氧化活性进行研究.结果表明,椰花汁多糖对超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)、DPPH自由基和羟基自由基(·OH)都有较强的清除能力,对ge2+的络合能力也较强,同时椰花汁多糖还有一定的还原能力.说明椰花汁多糖的抗氧化活性较强,具有很好的保健功效.     

五味子-人参混合多糖的抗氧化性研究及复合面霜的制备

用水提醇沉法提取五味子-人参混合多糖,用苯酚-硫酸法计算多糖得率,用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)法评价混合多糖的抗氧化能力。用乳化技术制备五味子-人参复合中药面霜。结果表明:五味子-人参混合多糖的得率为8.96%;在浓度为1~10 mg·mL^(-1)的浓度范围内,人参—五味子混合多糖对DPPH自由基的清除率显著高于Vc;当五味子-人参混合多糖添加量为5%时,所制备的复合面霜具备较好的品质。     

白茶提取物对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症的影响

慢性炎症是导致衰退性疾病和代谢综合征发生与发展的关键病理因素。本研究以细菌脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症作为模型,测定其细胞相对活力、吞噬活性、NO分泌量、iNOS与IL-6基因的相对表达,考察白茶提取物对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症反应的影响。结果表明,10～50 dl滋g/mL白茶提取物能有效提高RAW264.7细胞的吞噬活性,抑制NO分泌(P0.05),且陈年白茶效果优于新白茶;白茶提取物能降低iNOS与IL-6 m RNA基因表达水平,并且呈剂量依赖型,效果与阳性药物组(吲哚美辛)效果相当。本研究揭示白茶提取物对炎症反应具有显著的抑制作用,为后续的炎症评价体系的建立和白茶功效研究建立基础。     

白茶寡肽的抗氧化活性研究

对白茶寡肽的氨基酸序列及其抗氧化能力进行研究,将有助于了解白茶功效的物质基础。本研究首先制备白茶寡肽,对其氨基酸序列构成进行分析,然后通过测定其对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH)自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率、总还原力和HepG_(2)细胞的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,进而评价其抗氧化能力。结果表明,白茶寡肽DPPH自由基清除能力的半抑制浓度(IC_(50))为0.170 mg·mL^(-1),羟自由基清除能力的IC_(50)为0.850 mg·mL^(-1);白茶寡肽的总还原力呈现浓度依赖性;进一步的细胞实验还发现白茶寡肽能使HepG_(2)氧化损伤细胞中SOD活力增强。白茶寡肽不但具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,而且对HepG_(2)细胞氧化应激损伤具有保护作用。     

石榴皮多糖的制备及其抗氧化活性研究

采用水浸乙醇沉淀法从怀远石榴皮中提取多糖,通过单因素实验和正交试验,确定石榴皮多糖的最适提取条件为:料液比为1∶10,提取温度为80℃,时间为2 h,提取次数为3次,多糖得率为11.13%。并采用不同的体外抗氧化实验,研究石榴皮多糖的抗氧化活。结果显示,石榴皮多糖具有很强的还原力和清除羟自由基的活性,适度螯合亚铁离子的能力和1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH)自由基清除活性。本研究为石榴皮多糖的综合利用以及抗氧化药物的开发提供理论依据。     

富锗树舌胞内多糖抗氧化活性研究

利用树舌深层发酵法制备富锗胞内多糖,并测定其体外抗氧化活性.结果表明:氧化锗在250 μg/mL质量浓度时,对胞内多糖产量及有机锗的含量有显著提高,同时富锗胞内多糖对超氧自由基(02·-)、羟基自由基(·0H)、DPPH·及亚硝酸盐有较好的清除作用,且还原能力较强.     

番荔枝种子粗多糖抗氧化能力研究

为了探讨番荔枝种子多糖的抗氧化能力,将晒干的种子经粉碎匀浆、乙醇回流、减压浓缩、氯仿萃取和甲醇石油醚抽提后得到粗提物,经干燥后配制成不同浓度的溶液,分别以相同浓度的维生素C作对照,测定了番荔枝种子多糖还原力、抗脂质过氧化能力以及清除DPPH·自由基、超氧阴离子自由基(O·-2)和羟基自由基(·OH)的能力。研究结果表明:番荔枝种子多糖具有较强的还原力,对脂质过氧化有良好的抑制作用,同时具有较强的清除DPPH·、O·-2和·OH的能力,说明番荔枝种子多糖具有较强的抗氧化能力,抗氧化性随浓度增大而增强,但其抗氧化能力弱于维生素C。     

膜过滤绿茶多糖的系统分级纯化及免疫活性分析

采用150kD、20kD、6kD的超滤膜和对水溶性茶多糖进行分级和浓缩,得到的三部分截留液分别经过DEAE-52纤维素离子交换层析和丙烯葡聚糖凝胶Sephacryl S-300柱层析系统分离、纯化,共得到了20多个分级组分;HPGPC-ELSD鉴定各多糖组分的纯度及分子量分布,结果表明得到5个均一多糖组分;用小鼠巨噬细胞系Raw264.7检测免疫活性,发现对小鼠巨噬细胞Raw264.7有显著活性的多糖组分大多集中在20kD左右,大多为不均一多糖。     

In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides Isolated from the Edible Brown Seaweed,Sargassum fulvellum

In the present study, the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of the sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Sargassum fulvellum (SFPS) were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish. The results indicated that SFPS improved the viability of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages from 80.02 to 86.80, 90.09, and 94.62% at the concentration of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively. Also, SFPS remarkably and concentration-dependently decreased the production levels of inflammatory molecules including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, prostaglandin E₂, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6 in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, SFPS significantly inhibited the expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, the in vivo test results indicated that SFPS improved the survival rate of LPS-treated zebrafish from 53.33 to 56.67, 60.00, and 70.00% at the concentration of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, SFPS effectively reduced cell death, reactive oxygen species, and NO levels in LPS-stimulated zebrafish. Taken together, these results suggested that SFPS possesses strong in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities, and could be used as an ingredient to develop anti-inflammatory agents in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.     

Sargachromenol Purified from Sargassum horneri Inhibits Inflammatory Responses via Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in LPS-Stimulated Macrophages

In this study, we isolated sargachromenol (SC) from Sargassum horneri and evaluated its anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. SC did not show cytotoxicity at all concentrations and effectively increased the cell viability by reducing the nitric oxide (NO) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, SC decreased the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and inflammatory mediators (iNOS and COX-2). Moreover, SC suppressed the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, whereas activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Interestingly, the anti-inflammatory effect of SC was abolished by the inhibition of HO-1 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. According to the results, this study suggests that the antioxidant capacity of SC leads to its anti-inflammatory effect and it potentially may be utilized in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical sectors.     

The effect of extraction process on polyphenol content, triterpene composition and bioactivity of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) extracts

Crude ethanol extracts from different tissues of Betula alleghaniensis: wood, inner and outer bark, foliage, and twigs were evaluated for their nitric oxide (NO)-radical scavenging activities and inhibitory effects on the production of NO in LPS/INFγ-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. As a renewed interest in plant-derived drugs has led to an increased need for efficient extraction methods, ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was investigated and compared with conventional maceration. The lower energy consumption by the UAE process compared to maceration determined in our study qualifies also this extraction as an environmentally friendly process. Our results indicate that the foliage extract has the most potent radical scavenging capacity while wood and twigs extracts exert the highest inhibitory effects on the production of NO in LPS/INFγ-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Extracts obtained by UAE present lower cytotoxic activity on RAW cells. Our results also demonstrate that ultrasounds help to selectively extract the bioactive molecules from foliage, twigs and wood, which inhibit the production of NO by macrophages. The highest total phenol content has been determined for the inner bark extracts and the flavonoids are the major phenolics present in foliage extracts. Poor correlations determined between the total phenols and radical scavenging capacity of the extracts indicates to the synergistic or antagonist effects of molecules present, various polyphenols and triterpenes being identified in the extracts studied in this research.     

EGCG和茶氨酸对细胞氧化损伤的协同保护和修复作用研究

研究了表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）和茶氨酸两种茶叶主要活性成分单独和协同清除2, 2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐（ABTS）、1, 1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）和羟自由基的效果,并通过建立细胞氧化损伤模型,测定两种化合物对氧化损伤细胞的氧化水平和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明：EGCG和茶氨酸对ABTS和羟自由基的清除有协同增效作用,对DPPH自由基无协同作用;在细胞水平,EGCG和茶氨酸可协同降低细胞内活性氧自由基及脂质过氧化水平,提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性,即两者共同作用可协同降低细胞所受的氧化损伤,提高细胞抗氧化能力。     

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Mytilus coruscus Polysaccharide on RAW264.7 Cells and DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice

Considerable literature has been published on polysaccharides, which play a critical role in regulating the pathogenesis of inflammation and immunity. In this essay, the anti-inflammatory effect of Mytilus coruscus polysaccharide (MP) on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis model in mice was investigated. The results showed that MP effectively promoted the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells, ameliorated the excessive production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10), and inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. For DSS-induced colitis in mice, MP can improve the clinical symptoms of colitis, inhibit the weight loss of mice, reduce the disease activity index, and have a positive effect on the shortening of the colon caused by DSS, meliorating intestinal barrier integrity and lowering inflammatory cytokines in serum. Moreover, MP makes a notable contribution to the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbial community, and also regulates the structural composition of the intestinal flora. Specifically, mice treated with MP showed a repaired Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and an increased abundance of some probiotics like Anaerotruncus, Lactobacillus, Desulfovibrio, Alistipe, Odoribacter, and Enterorhabdus in colon. These data suggest that the MP could be a promising dietary candidate for enhancing immunity and protecting against ulcerative colitis.     

Morphological and Proteomic Analyses Reveal that Unsaturated Guluronate Oligosaccharide Modulates Multiple Functional Pathways in Murine Macrophage RAW264.7 Cells

Alginate is a natural polysaccharide extracted from various species of marine brown algae. Alginate-derived guluronate oligosaccharide (GOS) obtained by enzymatic depolymerization has various pharmacological functions. Previous studies have demonstrated that GOS can trigger the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α by macrophages and that it is involved in the nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways. To expand upon the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms associated with the GOS-induced immune response in macrophages, comparative proteomic analysis was employed together with two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS) and Western blot verification. Proteins showing significant differences in expression in GOS-treated cells were categorized into multiple functional pathways, including the NF-κB signaling pathway and pathways involved in inflammation, antioxidant activity, glycolysis, cytoskeletal processes and translational elongation. Moreover, GOS-stimulated changes in the morphologies and actin cytoskeleton organization of RAW264.7 cells were also investigated as possible adaptations to GOS. This study is the first to reveal GOS as a promising agent that can modulate the proper balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses, and it provides new insights into pharmaceutical applications of polysaccharides.     

产多酚氧化酶茶树内生真菌的筛选及产酶条件优化

以愈创木酚、α-萘酚、没食子酸、L-酪氨酸和单宁酸等5种酚类物质为底物,采用鉴别培养基筛选法从14株茶树内生真菌中初筛获得4株产多酚氧化酶的真菌。根据变色圈的大小、颜色深浅和摇瓶发酵的结果复筛获得产多酚氧化酶能力较强的菌株CSN-13。对菌株CSN-13产酶营养条件进行初步分析,结果表明,在供试的6种碳源物质中,以麸皮对菌株CSN-13产多酚氧化酶的促进作用最为明显;供试的5种氮源物质中,以硝酸铵的促进作用最为明显;在发酵培养基中添加茶水,对产酶有明显的促进作用。采用正交设计对CSN-13产酶发酵培养基进行初步优化,优化后的培养基配方为：麸皮（40βg·L^-1）、硝酸铵（15βg·L^-1）、茶水（4βg·L^-1）、KH₂PO₄（2βg·L^-1）、MgSO₄·7H₂O（0.5βg·L^-1）、无水CaCl₂（0.075βg·L^-1）、CuSO₄·5H₂O（0.01βg·L^-1）。采用优化后的培养基,菌株CSN-13在28℃下培养5βd,酶活力达到241βU·mL^-1·min^-1,比优化前提高8.5倍。茶树内生真菌菌株CSN-13及其发酵产酶培养基的研究为多酚氧化酶的进一步开发打下了基础。     

Capgermacrenes A and B,Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from a Bornean Soft Coral,Capnella sp.

Two new bicyclogermacrenes, capgermacrenes A (1) and B (2), were isolated with two known compounds, palustrol (3) and litseagermacrane (4), from a population of Bornean soft coral Capnella sp. The structures of these metabolites were elucidated based on spectroscopic data. Compound 1 was found to inhibit the accumulation of the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory IL-1β and NO production by down-regulating the expression of iNOS protein in RAW 264.7 macrophages.