水稻抗白叶枯病微效QTL的定位分析

以不携有抗白叶枯病主效基因的中感籼粳双亲(窄叶青8号和京系17）及其花培DH群体为材料,接种白叶枯病菌浙9612后,考察了该DH群体的白叶枯病抗性,并进行了数量性状座位（QTL）分析。共检测到控制白叶枯病的4个QTL,分别位于第3、4、5和6染色体上,其中第3和第4染色体上的qBBR-3和qBBR-4,其加性效应为正值;而位于第5和第6染色体上的为负值,4个QTL的总效应是38.6%。方差分析和差异显著性比较表明,具有4个QTL抗性等位基因水稻株系的白叶枯病抗性与不含QTL抗性等位基因的株系相比,差异达极显著水平（P<0.01)。说明通过微效基因的聚合可以获得对白叶枯病的一定抗性。     

水稻抗恶苗病微效QTL的定位

对粳稻品种春江06和籼稻品种TN1以及由它们构建的加倍单倍体（DH）群体,采用芽期接菌方法接种恶苗病菌,进行抗恶苗病微效QTL的定位分析。共检测到2个QTL:qB1和qB10,分别位于第1和第10染色体上,2个QTL的抗性基因都来自春江06,贡献率相近。     

水稻高节位分蘖的QTL定位和互作分析

 高节位分蘖是水稻生产中常见的现象,同时高节位分蘖与水稻的驯化也存在密切的联系。利用来源于窄叶青8号与京系17及春江06与台中本地1号的两个加倍单倍体（DH）群体（分别简称为ZJDH群体和TCDH群体）为材料,对水稻高节位分蘖的遗传特征进行了研究。采用复合区间作图法,在ZJDH群体中共定位到qHOT3、qHOT6-1和qHOT8等3个QTL,分别位于第3、6和8染色体上;对TCDH群体的QTL定位共检测到相关位点2个,分别位于第6和12染色体上。同时,在两个群体中分别检测到4对和7对上位性互作位点。QTL比较分析表明在两个群体中分别定位到的第6染色体上的QTL所在区间可能一致,说明水稻第6染色体对高节位分蘖具有重要的影响。     

稻米出饭特性QTL分析及遗传研究

 米粒长、饭粒长和饭粒延伸系数等性状与米饭品质密切相关。以籼稻台中本地1号（TN1）与粳稻春江06为亲本构建的加倍单倍体群体为材料,利用全基因饱和分子标记连锁遗传图谱对多个稻米出饭特性相关的性状进行QTL定位, 共检测到14个QTL。其中,米粒长和米粒浸长QTL各1个,均位于第2染色体上,分别可以解释性状变异的15.20% 和1850%;1个米粒浸泡膨胀率QTL,位于第6染色体上,可解释性状变异的1339%;1个煮饭粒长QTL,位于第9染色体上,可解释性状变异的1360%; 3个蒸饭粒长QTL,分别位于第1、3和12染色体上,共解释性状变异4500%;4个煮饭延伸率QTL, 分别位于第3、6、9和10染色体上,共解释性状变异6130%; 3个蒸饭延伸率QTL分别位于第1、3和6染色体上,共解释性状变异4910%。在已知的Wx和ALK基因所在区域都检测到了米饭延伸性相关的QTL。相比较而言,覆盖ALK基因的QTL对出饭特性的影响更大,LOD值达到了635。该研究结果可为稻米出饭特性相关调控基因的克隆奠定基础,同时对稻米品质的改良及高产优质稻品种的分子标记辅助选育提供理论参考。     

水稻籼粳交DH群体中影响白背飞虱抗虫性QTL的检测

分析了水稻籼粳交加倍单倍体(DH)群体中影响白背飞虱抗虫性和感虫性的QTL.虽然DH株系的亲本窄叶青8号和京系17没有拒取食抗性,但是白背飞虱在6个DH株系中的取食受到了强烈的抑制,可能属超亲分离.在第3染色体的粳型片段中检测到1个影响蜜露分泌的微效QTL.粳稻亲本京系17具有杀卵抗性.DH株系中的杀卵特性是通过叶鞘上杀卵反应产生的坏死症状表现的.在DH株系分蘖早期和中期,将4个杀卵作用的QTL定位在第1、2、6和8染色体的粳型片段上.出现在分蘖中期的另一个QTL被定位在第9染色体的籼型片段上.在分蘖盛期至孕穗期,杀卵位点减少至2个.整个试验期间对每个DH株系的最高杀卵级别的分析显示,在染色体2、6和9上共有4个QTL.两个主效QTL位于近邻第6染色体的粳型片段.在第1、3和5染色体上检测到3个影响第2代白背飞虱若虫密度的QTL.第3染色体上起主要作用的QTL源自粳稻亲本;第5染色体上的微效QTL源自籼稻亲本.两个白背飞虱为害的QTL位于第8和第10染色体的籼型片段,另一个QTL位于第3染色体的粳型片段.这些QTL被认为与水稻品种对白背飞虱田间抗性表达有关.     

水稻耐金属离子胁迫的QTL分析

【目的】 本研究旨在筛选与水稻苗期耐不同金属离子连锁的分子遗传标记,为探讨水稻耐不同金属离子胁迫的遗传研究提供参考。【方法】 以典型籼粳交(春江06/台中本地1号)双单倍体(DH)群体为材料,系统考查该群体及其双亲耐4种金属离子(Fe²⁺、Cd²⁺、Al³⁺、Na⁺)胁迫的情况,利用业已构建并完善的该群体加密的分子连锁图谱,对耐这4种金属离子胁迫的QTL进行检测分析。另外,利用实时定量PCR技术检测处理前后相关基因的表达变化情况。【结果】 发现耐各种金属离子胁迫的QTL共8个,分别位于水稻第1、2、4、6、9、10和11染色体上,其中Fe²⁺处理后检测到的QTL贡献率最大,达到24.47%(阈值为7.78),位于第1染色体上RM1297–RM1061,同时对该区间与耐胁迫相关基因的表达分析发现这些基因在处理前和处理后表达水平存在不同程度的差异;Cd²⁺处理后检测到1个QTL,位于第1染色体上;Al³⁺处理后检测到QTL共5个,分别位于第2、4、6、10、11染色体上;Na⁺处理后检测到QTL有1个,位于第9染色体上。【结论】 根据不同金属离子胁迫处理后DH群体的表型差异进行QTL分析,发现耐各种金属离子胁迫的QTL共8个,并初步定位于各染色体的遗传标记区间,这为精细定位并克隆相应QTL,进而探明水稻耐金属离子胁迫QTL的分子调控机制奠定了基础。     

粳稻垩白性状的QTL检测

 利用大粒粳稻DL115与小粒粳稻XL005杂交获得的F2群体200个单株为作图群体,采用复合区间作图方法,利用SSR标记对稻米垩白性状进行了数量性状基因座(QTL)检测。研究结果表明,稻米垩白粒率、垩白大小和垩白度在F3株系均呈连续分布,表现为由多基因控制的数量性状。检测到与稻米垩白性状相关的QTL 8个,分别位于第3（5个）、第5（2个）和第6（1个）染色体上,包括与垩白粒率有关的QTL 3个,与垩白大小相关的QTL 2个,与垩白度有关的QTL 3个。其中位于第3染色体RM6832-RM411、RM15456-RM6832和RM6266-RM15456区间的qPGWC3、qACE3b和qDEC3b,分别解释垩白粒率、垩白大小和垩白度表型变异的43.89%、18.83%和19.57%,为主效QTL。上述3个主效QTL所在染色体上的位置与前人研究结果均不一致,认为是新的QTL。所检测到的8个QTL中,除qPGWC6的增效等位基因来自无垩白亲本XL005外,其他7个QTL的增效等位基因均来自垩白性状值较大的亲本DL115。垩白粒率和垩白大小基因作用表现为部分显性,垩白度基因作用表现为加性。     

基于SNP标记的玉米容重QTL分析

以240个DH系为作图群体,利用SNP芯片对DH群体进行基因型分析,构建连锁图谱,对DH群体进行容重性状鉴定。结果表明,采用复合区间作图法进行QTL定位分析,在4个环境下共检测到5个控制玉米容重的QTL,联合贡献率为23.61%;位于第1染色体的q Tw1-1介于SNP标记PZE-101032246与SYN13192之间,位于第9染色体的q Tw9-1介于SNP标记PZE-109011840和SYN6085之间,分别解释11.9%和7.8%的表型变异,表明这些区域可能包含调控玉米容重性状关键基因。     

水稻穗芽相关性状的QTL定位

利用305个株系组成的源自籼稻品种中156和谷梅2号的重组自交系群体进行了水稻穗芽性状的QTL检测和遗传效应分析。以穗芽指数及相关指标作为穗芽性状的表型值,采用QTL Mapper 1.01统计软件进行QTL定位和上位性分析,共检测到控制穗芽指数的3个加性效应QTL,分别位于第2、9、11染色体上;控制穗芽速率的加性效应QTL 3个,分别位于第1、3、6染色体上;控制穗穗芽率的加性效应QTL 3个,分别位于第1、9、10染色体上;控制粒穗芽的加性效应QTL 2个,分别位于第9、11染色体上。还检测到3对影响穗芽指数的加性×加性上位性互作效应QTL;3对控制穗芽速率的上位性QTL和3对控制粒穗芽率的上位性QTL。     

利用近等基因系研究3个抗水稻纹枯病QTL的聚合效应

利用特青/Lemont组合的回交群体,证实了特青第7染色体上存在抗纹枯病QTL qSB7Tq。以Lemont为轮回亲本,通过分子标记辅助连续回交结合性状鉴定,构建了qSB7Tq与另外两个抗水稻纹枯病QTL qSB9Tq（位于特青第9染色体）和qSB11Le（位于Lemont第11染色体）的一套近等基因系,对各抗性QTL的单个效应及其聚合效应进行了研究。3个抗性QTL单独存在或在聚合状态下均能显著提高水稻品种对纹枯病的抗性水平。但是,不同抗性QTL之间可能普遍存在一定的负向互作关系。讨论了一致的遗传背景对QTL研究的重要性,以及不同QTL的聚合效应及互作关系对育种实践的意义。     

Phenotypic Expression of Whitebacked Planthopper Resistance in the Newly Established japonica / indica Doubled Haploid Rice Population

A new doubled haploid (DH) rice population was established from a cross between WBPH-resistant japonica Chunjiang 06 (C J-06) and susceptible indica TN1. Sucking inhibitory and ovicidal resistance of the DH rice lines were evaluated on the basis of non-preference response of WBPH immigrants and honeydew excretion by WBPH females, and appearance of watery lesions in the necrotic discoloration of leaf sheaths ovipositied by WBPH,respectively. Both the major gene resistance to WBPH, sucking inhibitory and ovicidal resistance, showed 1 (resistant): 1 (susceptible) segregation ratio in the DH population. Relative density of WBPH populations and damage scores in the DH population indicated combined functions of both the major resistance genes as well as QTLs affecting the host plant response to WBPH infestations. Thus, the newly developed CJ-06/TN1 DH population could be a useful material to analyze major genes and QTLs for WBPH resistance in japonica rice.     

Phenotypic Expression of Whitebacked Planthopper Resistance in the Newly Established japonica ／ indica Doubled Haploid Rice Population

A new doubled haploid (DH) rice population was established from a cross between WBPH-resistant japonica Chunjiang 06 (C J-06) and susceptible indica TN1. Sucking inhibitory and ovicidal resistance of the DH rice lines were evaluated on the basis of non-preference response of WBPH immigrants and honeydew excretion by WBPH females, and appearance of watery lesions in the necrotic discoloration of leaf sheaths ovipositied by WBPH,respectively. Both the major gene resistance to WBPH, sucking inhibitory and ovicidal resistance, showed 1 (resistant): 1 (susceptible) segregation ratio in the DH population. Relative density of WBPH populations and damage scores in the DH population indicated combined functions of both the major resistance genes as well as QTLs affecting the host plant response to WBPH infestations. Thus, the newly developed CJ-06/-I-N1 DH population could be a useful material to analyze major genes and QTLs for WBPH resistance in japonica rice.     

Identification of QTLs for Rice Cold Tolerance at Plumule and 3-Leaf-Seedling Stages by Using QTLNetwork Software

A doubled haploid(DH)population consisted of 120 lines,derived from a cross between an indica variety,TN1, and a japonica variety,Chunjiang 06,was used to identify QTLs controlling rice cold tolerance at the plumule and 3-leaf-seedling stages by using the QTLNetwork software.The percentages of normal plumules after 4°C treatments for 7 d, 9 d,11 d,and 14 d,as well as the cold stress tolerance index(CSTI)and the withering index(WI)of rice seedling were investigated.A total of five single-effect QTLs,each for percentages of normal plumules after 4°C treatments for 9 d,11 d and 14 d,and CSTI and WI,respectively were identified.The QTLs for the percentages of normal plumules after low temperature treatments for 9 d,11 d and 14 d were on chromosomes 4,2 and 11,accounting for 14.1%,17.3%and 21.5%of the phenotypic variation,respectively.QTLs for CSTI and WI were on chromosomes 10 and 1,respectively.Two pairs of epistatic loci were identified,but none of the epistatic loci involved the single-effect QTLs.The RM528-RM340 interval on chromosome 6 interacted with the RM278-RM3919B interval on chromosome 9 for CSTI,and the epistatic interaction accounted for 17.7%of the phenotypic variation.A pair of epistatic loci was identified for WI,the RM246-RM5461 interval on chromosome 1 interacted with the ISA-RM447 interval on chromosome 8,which accounted for 22.6%of the phenotypic variation.     

Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight in a Somaclonal Rice Mutant HX-3 at Cellular Level

The interaction between rice host and its pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) at cellular level was studied by using a resistant somaclonal mutant HX-3 and its susceptable donor Minghui 63. After inoculation with Xoo strain Zhe 173 (Chinese pathotype |\ ). the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in the callus of Minghui 63 was increased dramatically, and the active oxygen(O2^-) was produced at a higher rate; Meanwhile, the callus grew slowly with the reduction of protein content. Compared to the activity of SOD and POD. the production rate of O2^- and the fresh weight in HX-3 callus varied little after the inoculation. It could be proposed that there were great differences between the resistance of HX-3 and Mighui 63 at cellular level. There was no difference detected concerning resistance to bacterial leaf blight in HX-3 between the plant and the callus.     

Resistance Performance to Whitebacked Planthopper in Different Phenotypes of Japonica/Indica Doubled Haploid Rice Lines

Field performance of whitebacked planthopper （WBPH）-resistance of four phenotypes was evaluated in Chunjiang 06 （C J-06） / TN1 DH rice lines, which were expressed by different combinations of sucking inhibitory and ovicidal traits inherited independently from C J-06. WBPH established the highest populations in susceptible DH lines that had neither sucking inhibitorynor ovicidal resistance. Both immigration and subsequent population levels were kept below the damage-causing density in the sucking inhibitory DH lines even under a WBPH outbreak. WBPH could not build up populations in the DH lines having both the sucking inhibitory and ovicidal resistance. Although WBPH immigrated preferentially to non-sucking inhibitory DH lines with ovicidal resistance, subsequent population buildup was significantly suppressed. It was concluded that the differential performance to WBPH-resistance in CJ-06 / TN1 DH lines was primarily due to the sucking inhibitory trait, and complementarity to the ovicidal trait.     

小麦茎基腐病抗性QTL的分析

为挖掘更多的茎基腐病抗性QTL用于分子标记辅助育种,以中抗茎基腐病品种CI12633和感茎基腐病品种扬麦158的重组自交系群体为材料,采用SSR和SNP等分子标记对群体中的94个家系进行基因型分析,绘制遗传连锁图,并结合3次室内群体的茎基腐病抗性鉴定结果对小麦茎基腐病抗性QTL进行定位。结果表明,与小麦茎基腐病抗性相关的QTL分布在1D、2B、3B(2)、7A和7D染色体上,可解释9.2%～14.6%的表型变异;1D和3B染色体上的抗性QTL来自CI12633,2B、7A和7D染色体上的抗性QTL来自扬麦158;1D、2B和3B(与Chr3B_479785994紧密连锁)染色体上的抗性QTL为茎基腐病抗性主效QTL。发现的QTL及其紧密连锁的分子标记可为今后开展抗茎基腐病小麦分子标记辅助育种提供帮助。