营口地区不同水稻机械化种植方式的比较分析

目前水稻机械化种植已成为我国水稻栽播的重要方式,也是大石桥地区现代农业发展的关键瓶颈。为了进一步探讨水稻机械化插秧与水稻机直播两种水稻种植的技术优势,我们根据当地的实际情况,选择出了均等条件的两个有代表性的田块进行对比研究,我们从成本、产量、效益三个指标进行分析得出结论:继续加强水稻机插和水稻机直播多元化技术推广模式,因地制宜地提高水稻种植的机械化水平,不断地提高大石桥地区现代农业发展水平。     

金正大缓控释肥在水稻上的应用效果初探

金正大缓控释肥(24-12-10)具有肥效长、易吸收、损失少、增产增收明显的特点,在大石桥地区水稻上应用,比施用复合肥、常规施肥分别增产64.5 kg/667 m2、49 kg/667 m2,增产率分别达10.1%、7.5%,分别增收187.1元/667 m2、141.8元/667 m2,效益非常明显,该肥在生产上具有一定的推广应用价值。     

美国白蛾的危害及综合防治

美国白蛾是世界检疫害虫,近年来在大石桥地区危害日趋严重,严重威胁林业及农业生产,运用综合防治方法,减少传播蔓延和危害,为林业生产和农业生产提供基础保障。     

育苗灵防治水稻苗期立枯病应用效果

枯病是水稻苗期的一种主要病害。多年来，虽然采取了酸化处理，喷洒敌克松等一些措施，但始终没有完全解决立枯病问题，年年都有不同程度的发生，严重年份发病率高达30％左右，致使秧苗不壮，甚至缺苗，不能适时早插，给水稻生产带来了很大损失。为了解决苗期立枯病问题，近年，我们从黑龙江省双城市盖敌农药厂引进水稻育苗灵农药，与其它防治立枯病农药进行防效比较和示范，发现水稻育苗灵防治水稻苗期立枯病有特效。1995年在营口市老边区、大石桥的高坎和水源两镇进行大面积推广，超额完成了计划，并取得了显著的效果。王应用水稻育苗灵的…     

三亚地区有机水稻生产关键技术研究

按照有机认证标准,结合三亚地区水稻栽培具体情况,从基地建设、品种选择、栽培技术、田间管理、病虫草害防治、采收与贮藏等多个关键技术点,提出了三亚地区有机水稻生产的关键技术措施,旨在为热带地区有机水稻的生产提供技术支持。     

黑龙江省黑河市水稻生产现状、存在问题及对策

黑河市耕地面积大,近年水稻生产发展迅速。本文分析了黑河市水稻种植现状,总结了制约黑河市水稻生产发展的一系列问题,并提出了相应的对策,力求促进这一地区水稻生产进一步发展。     

A级绿色食品水稻生产技术

针对盘锦地区水稻生产实际,依据国家绿色食品优质稻谷生产标准,提出了适应稻米市场需求的A级绿色食品水稻的生产栽培技术。阐明了水稻品种选择、培育壮秧、插秧、施肥、灌溉、综合防治病、虫、草害等具体措施。     

辽宁省水稻中晚熟种植区域品种类型选择的初步分析

以辽宁省2007年中晚熟水稻区域试验参试品种为分析材料,分析了不同试验点产量水平、不同产量水平产量及产量结构的差异,不同试验点高产品种产量及产量结构差异。结果表明,选择适宜的高产品种对各生态区水稻产量有重要影响,在不同生态区水稻增产途径有一定的差异,辽阳、鞍山、海城、沈阳农大试区更适宜种植穗数、穗粒兼顾型高产品种,大石桥、辽宁省盐碱地所、西海试区更适宜种植穗数型高产品种,辽宁省稻作所试区更适宜种植穗重型高产品种。     

绿色食品水稻生产操作规程

绿色食品水稻生产操作规程规定了绿色食品水稻生产的术语和定义及产地选择标准,从品种选用、育苗、整地移栽、施肥、灌溉、病虫草害综合防治、收获及贮藏等方面阐述了其生产操作要求,以达到合理利用盘锦地区的农业资源,更好地指导当地水稻生产的目的。     

辽宁地区水稻高产栽培技术

确保水稻优质稳产高产,与水稻品种、种稻区域相配套的高产栽培技术是关键。根据辽宁地区水稻生产的特点,从品种选择、培育壮秧、本田整地、适时适当插秧、配方施肥、优化灌溉、综合防治病虫草害等方面介绍了适用于辽宁地区的水稻高产栽培技术。     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.