优质高产抗病杂交晚稻中9优801的选育与应用

中9优801是江西农业大学农学院用中9A与优质抗病高配合力恢复系R801配组而成的籼型杂交晚稻新组合.该组合具有优势强、丰产性好、米质优、抗稻瘟病、再生力强、制种易获高产、适应性广等特点,于2003年3月通过江西省农作物品种审定委员会审定.介绍了其选育过程、特征特性、栽培及制种技术要点.     

几个新选玉米自交系的配合力分析

以张掖市农科所自育的9个自交系按照GriffingD4模型双列杂交,从产量上进行了一般配合力和特殊配合力效应的分析。得出:①9个自交系之间,在一般配合力和特殊配合力方面存在明显差异;②以Z801的一般配合力效应值最高为0.69,Z910次之为0.55,Z936居第3为0.27;③特殊配合力效应较高的组合有Z866×Z911、Z851×Z936、Z853×Z895和Z801×Z936共4个,其效应值超过0.70;④以Z866的特殊配合力方差最大值为0.68,Z936次之为0.60,Z895居第3为0.49;⑤Z936不仅有较高的一般配合力,而且还有较大的特殊配合力方差,将是一个很理想的自交系。     

丹598姊妹系与Reid改良系间的配合力分析与评价

用14个玉米自交系按(9×5)不完全双列杂交配成45个组合,对其子粒产量等11个农艺性状的配合力进行了研究。结果表明,Reid改良系一般配合力高的玉米自交系是C8605-2、丹717、A801、丹7841、W9235和丹9046。丹598姊妹系一般配合力高的自交系是丹598-1、丹598-2、丹598-18。特殊配合力高的组合是C8605-2×丹598-1、丹717×丹598-1、A801×丹598-2等15个组合。验证了丹598自交系与Reid改良系间具有很强的杂交优势。同时也进一步证明了丹玉39、东单60、丹科2151等杂交种的推广和利用价值。     

新选801与新选802绿茶品质鉴定及配套工艺试验

对新选801、新选802两个品系进行芽叶性状观察、绿茶品质鉴定及配套加工工艺试验。结果表明:新选801、新选802萌芽期特早,发芽密度高,芽叶肥壮,茸毛特多,持嫩性强,适制卷曲形烘青绿茶;加工绿茶,香气清高,栗香显或有花香,滋味醇厚、鲜爽、回甘,耐冲泡,品质优异,明显优于福鼎大白茶;两个品系萎凋程度的要求不同,新选801、新选802分别萎凋减重25%与20%时,品质最佳。内含生化成分随着萎凋程度的加重而发生显著变化,氨基酸含量显著增加,茶多酚含量与酚氨比显著降低,可溶性糖含量变化呈增加趋势,差异不显著,咖啡碱含量变化不明显。     

高温对OsNRAMP5基因突变杂交稻及其父本结实率的影响

在前期已获得华占背景的OsNRAMP5基因突变材料P7及其与隆科638S背景的OsNRAMP5基因突变材料低镉1S配制的镉低积累杂交稻组合DG801的基础上，通过在衡阳和株洲两地进行分期播种试验，研究了高温对OsNRAMP5基因突变杂交稻及其父本结实率的影响。结果表明，孕穗期和开花期同时遇高温（日最高温度≥35℃），父本P7的结实率显著低于对照，而组合DG801与对照无显著性差异，说明OsNRAMP5基因突变材料对高温的耐受性可能与遗传背景相关，杂种优势的利用可能是提高OsNRAMP5基因突变材料对高温耐受性的有效途径。研究结果对通过突变OsNRAMP5基因培育镉低积累水稻及其生产应用提供了参考。     

基于AMMI和GGE双标图的贵州不同生态区春玉米丰产性稳产性和试点辨别力评价

基于AMMI模型和GGE双标图对2018～2019年贵州春玉米11个品种、5个试点的产量数据进行丰产性和稳产性分析,评价试点的辨别力和代表性。结果表明,2018年中金玉838、新中玉801、先玉1171丰产性较好,靖单14、先玉1171和金玉838的稳产性较好;威宁、毕节试点的代表性较好,安顺、铜仁试点辨别力较强。2019年中金玉838、新中玉801、先玉1171丰产性较好,先玉1171和金玉838和兴玉3号的稳产性较好;安顺、兴仁试点的代表性较好,毕节、威宁辨别力较强。综合分析,金玉838的丰产性、稳产性均较强,综合表现最佳,威宁和毕节具有较高的试点辨别力和代表性。     

棉花新品种"宛801-8"的选育

宛801-8是河南省南阳市农科所从南通市农科所的徐86×(泗棉2号×南通棉4号)F8的天然变异株中连续选择而成.1997～1998年参加所内品比试验,农艺性、综合性、抗病性和产量、品质都符合育种目标,定名为宛801-8;1999年参加河南省棉花新品种区域试验.2000年被推荐参加河南省棉花新品种生产试验,综合表现较好,子棉、皮棉、霜前皮棉产量均较对照明显增产.2002年3月经河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定通过.     

宛801-8(优系)的表现及高产栽培技术

本文介绍了宛801一8(优系)的特点和示范表现及高产栽培技术。     

国家新品种鄂杂棉28号

鄂杂棉28号（原代号荆01—801是湖北荆州农科院选育，2003—2004年参加湖北省杂交棉区域试验，2005—2006年参加长江流域区域试验，2007年参加长江流域生产试验。在各级试验当中该组合均表现为丰产性较好、纤维品质较优、抗虫性好、耐枯萎病、耐黄萎病等特点。2005年获得农业转基因生物安全证书；2007年3月通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定并定名为鄂杂棉28号。     

高原生态条件下小麦品种籽粒蛋白质含量的配合力分析

本文对8个小麦品种（系）在高原生态条件下籽粒蛋白质含量的配合力和遗传力进行了分析。结果表明，组合间蛋白质含量差异极显著，亲本的一般配合力和特殊配合力差异极显著。8个亲本蛋白质含量的广义遗传力hB^2=35.4%，狭义遗传力hN^2=23.0%。其中，GBI63和青农801一般配合力效应高，特殊配合力方差大，在蛋白质含量的改良中可以作为亲本广泛应用。Clamksuan和龙麦15由于一般配合力效应低，特殊配合力方差小，在育种中无多大利用价值。     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.