中籼水稻品种改良过程中米质和根系特征对灌溉方式的响应

【目的】研究不同灌溉方式下中籼水稻品种的稻米品质与根系特征。【方法】以江苏省近80年来各阶段具有代表性的中籼水稻品种为试验材料,全生育期设置干湿交替灌溉(AWD)和常规灌溉(CI)处理。在矮秆、半矮秆常规稻和半矮秆杂交稻中各选择2个水分利用效率(WUE)存在明显差异的品种进行稻米品质和根系特征分析。【结果】无论是在AWD还是CI下,各类型品种的产量和WUE均随品种改良逐渐提高。与CI相比,AWD显著增加了产量和水分利用效率。在AWD下,各类型品种(矮秆品种、半矮秆品种、半矮秆杂交稻)的产量分别为6.96 t/hm²、8.71 t/hm²和10.14 t/hm²,WUE分别为1.30 kg/m³、1.62 kg/m³和1.91 kg/m³。各类型品种的精米率、整精米率、蛋白质含量、淀粉溶解度与膨胀度、根干质量、根冠比、根系氧化力、根系总吸收表面积和活跃吸收表面积、根系伤流液中玉米素和玉米素核苷以及脱落酸含量随品种改良显著提高。与CI相比,AWD改善了稻米的加工和外观品质及根系形态生理特征,提高了稻米淀粉的峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度和崩解值,降低了淀粉的消减值和相对结晶度。相关分析表明,产量、WUE及稻米品质均与根系生长密切相关。【结论】现代半矮秆品种尤其杂交稻在全生育期干湿交替灌溉条件下可获得较高的产量和水分利用效率以及较优的稻米品质,这与根系形态和生理特征的改善密切相关。     

Effect of Temperature at Grain Filling Stage on Activities of Key Enzymes Related to Starch Synthesis and Grain Quality of Rice

Three japonica rice varieties with different cooking and eating quality were grown at high temperature in the greenhouse and natural field. Effects of temperature at the grain filling stage on these varieties were investigated in terms of the activities of key enzymes related to starch synthesis and cooking and eating quality of rice grain. The high temperature at the grain filling stage increased protein content, and decreased amylose content and taste meter value of rice; inferior grain quality varieties showed a greater magnitude of the increase or decrease than the superior ones. Reaction of rapid visco analyser profiles to the temperature varied with rice varieties. The activities of adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphoryiase （AGPP）, soluble starch synthase （SSS） and starch branching enzyme （SBE） gradually increased to a peak value, and thereafter declined as grain filling progressed. Enzyme activities in different varieties differed in a same filling stage, and also in the time when the enzyme activity reached a maximum. AGPP and SSS were insensitive to the environmental temperature, but SBE was comparatively sensitive to the temperature, and its activity declined when temperature was too high or too low.     

江苏省半糯型粳稻蒸煮食味品质性状的差异分析

【目的】近两年江苏省选育了大量的半糯型粳稻品种。不同半糯型粳稻品种间的食味品质及稻米理化特性仍存在较大差异。探究影响半糯粳稻食味品质形成的原因,将为优良食味水稻育种提供理论依据。【方法】以2019年参加江苏省优良食味稻米评比的39个半糯型粳稻品种为试验材料,通过对蒸煮食味、外观、理化、RVA谱特征值等24个品质相关指标的测定,分析不同食味值组别间各性状指标的差异及与食味品质之间相关性。【结果】依据食味值高低将其分为高食味值（>80）、中食味值（70~80）和低食味值（<70）三组。与低食味值组相比,高食味值组品种具有较低的垩白粒率、垩白度、蛋白质含量和米饭硬度,较好的透明度,较高的胶稠度、米饭外观和黏度值。统计分析表明,直链淀粉含量、成糊温度、RVA谱特征值在三组间差异均不显著。相关性分析表明,米饭食味值与直链淀粉含量、胶稠度呈显著正相关,与蛋白质含量、成糊温度、透明度及垩白性状显著负相关。进一步分析表明高食味值组中各性状与食味值相关性均未达到显著水平,而中、低食味值组中直链淀粉含量与食味值均呈显著正相关。【结论】稻米外观和理化品质对半糯型粳稻食味品质的形成有重要影响,在半糯型粳稻中食味值较高的品种往往具有更好的外观品质、较高的直链淀粉含量和胶稠度、较低的蛋白质含量,因此在半糯型水稻育种过程中应重视这些指标的辅助选择。     

稻鱼(鳅)耦合对稻米品质的影响

为了研究稻田养鱼(鳅)对水稻稻米品质的影响,本实验对水稻稻米的外观品质、营养品质、碾磨品质、蒸煮品质的相关指标进行了分析,探究稻鱼(鳅)种养耦合模式和常规种植模式下对稻米品质的影响.每一模式都种植两个水稻品种,中早39和H优518.试验结果表明,与常规的水稻种植模式相比,在稻鱼生态种养模式下的稻米精米率、整精米率、糙米率都显著提高,碱消值显著提高,并且垩白度、垩白粒率都下降(其中H优518组的下降达到显著水平),蛋白质含量显著下降.相比于常规种植模式,稻鳅种养耦合模式下糙米率、精米率、整精米率都显著提升,垩白度、垩白粒率显著降低,碱消值提升不显著,蛋白质含量显著下降.从整体上看稻田生态种养组合的稻米品质相比于常规种植模式有着明显提升.     

灌浆成熟期温度对水稻籽粒淀粉合成关键酶活性及品质的影响

 选用蒸煮食味品质不同的3个粳稻品种，利用温室高温和自然常温，研究了灌浆成熟期温度对水稻籽粒淀粉合成关键酶活性及蒸煮食味品质的影响。结果表明，灌浆成熟期高温条件下，水稻籽粒蛋白质含量提高，直链淀粉含量和味度值降低，劣质品种提高或降低的程度大于优质品种；RVA谱特性对灌浆成熟期温度的反应因品种和特性而异；灌浆过程中，籽粒ADPG焦磷酸化酶、可溶性淀粉合成酶和淀粉分支酶活性随灌浆进程，酶活性逐渐增加，达到峰值以后，酶活性又逐渐下降，呈单峰曲线，但不同品种酶活性达到峰值的时间和同一时期的酶活性大小有差异；ADPG焦磷酸化酶和可溶性淀粉合成酶的活性表现对温度的影响反应较为迟钝，而淀粉分支酶活性表现对温度变化的反应较为敏感，温度过高过低都降低该酶活性。     

水稻灌浆过程中籽粒淀粉合成关键酶活性与蒸煮食味品质

选用稻米蒸煮食味品质有显著差异的4个粳稻品种,对水稻籽粒灌浆过程中淀粉合成关键酶的活性变化及其与蒸煮食味品质关系进行了研究。 不同品质类型的品种间籽粒直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量在灌浆前、中后期表现出差异,这种差异主要表现在灌浆不同时期淀粉积累速率上。籽粒灌浆过程中,不同品质类型的品种中ADPG焦磷酸化酶和可溶性淀粉合成酶活性出现峰值的时间无差异,但淀粉分支酶活性出现峰值的时间,劣质品种明显早于优质品种,而且优质品种灌浆中、后期仍然保持较高水平的酶活性。ADPG焦磷酸化酶、可溶性淀粉合成酶、淀粉分支酶的活性与直链淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、味度值、RVA谱特性间的相关性和程度因灌浆时期不同而发生变化。在整个灌浆过程中,可溶性淀粉合成酶活性与味度值间的相关均不显著,但灌浆前期和中、后期的ADPG焦磷酸化酶和淀粉分支酶的活性与味度值间呈显著或极显著相关。选择灌浆前期酶活性低或灌浆后期酶活性高的材料,将有利于提高稻米蒸煮食味品质。     

不同类型稻米的蛋白营养价值

 选用147个不同稻类、不同粒型及色泽的稻米，分析其粗蛋白含量、蛋白质的氨基酸含量和蛋白质生物价的化学计算值。结果表明：稻米的粗蛋白含量越高，蛋白质的品质越差；籼稻的粗蛋白含量的变幅大，但蛋白质中各氨基酸含量的变化小。粳稻、糯稻则相反；紫黑米蛋白的营养价值最高；大胚米的粗蛋白含量最高，它的蛋白质品质略次于总体水平；香米在蛋白质方面与普通大米无多大差异．     

优质籼稻品种黄华占和扬稻6号稻米理化特性和淀粉精细结构比较

以携带相同Wx^b基因的籼稻品种黄华占和扬稻6号为试验材料,系统分析了这2个优质籼稻品种的理化特性和淀粉精细结构。结果表明,黄华占稻米蛋白质含量显著低于扬稻6号,而表观直链淀粉含量高于扬稻6号,其他理化品质如胶稠度、总淀粉含量和碱消值两者无显著差异;黄华占稻米具有较高的糊化温度和热焓值。黄华占和扬稻6号稻米淀粉粘滞曲线较为接近,但黄华占稻米具有较高的崩解值和较小的回复值。扫描电镜分析表明,淀粉粒形态和结构在2个样品间无明显差异;但淀粉精细结构分析表明,黄华占稻米淀粉含有较少的支链淀粉短链以及较多的支链长链和较多的直链淀粉短链;淀粉晶体结构分析表明,黄华占和扬稻6号淀粉均为A型晶体,但黄华占稻米淀粉的长程有序结构较扬稻6号淀粉高,而短程有序结构样品间无显著差异。上述研究为选育优质籼稻提供了参考。     

不同直链淀粉含量软米品种品质性状的比较

【目的】具有较低直链淀粉含量（5%~12%）的优良食味软米在国内市场上广受消费者欢迎，然而不同软米品种间稻米品质表现差异较大，造成这种差异的原因尚未明确。因此，有必要深入研究不同类型软米理化品质的差异及其成因。【方法】选取了江苏地区具有显著品质差异的4个软米品种、2个糯稻品种和2个常规品种（均为粳稻品种）为对象，对其稻米理化品质和淀粉结构进行了系统的比较分析。【结果】测序结果表明，软米品种南粳5055和南粳9108携带Wx^mp等位基因，而软米品种香软玉和武香粳113携带跟2个常规粳稻品种相同的Wx^b等位基因。品质分析表明，香软玉和武香粳113稻米较另两个软米品种中的直链淀粉含量更低，籽粒胚乳透明度更差；4个软米类稻米胚乳淀粉粒内部存在明显的孔隙，并且稻米胚乳越不透明，孔隙越明显；较低直链淀粉含量的软米食味表现更佳，这可能与低直链淀粉含量稻米具有更低的冷胶黏度、较大的崩解值和较小的消减值有关。淀粉精细结构测定表明，与常规粳稻米相比，软米的直链淀粉组分占比较低，而支链淀粉短链组分占比较高。【结论】目前江苏地区软米品种间存在显著的遗传和理化品质特性的差异，这为新型软米品种的培育和优异基因的克隆与利用提供依据。     

Effects of heat,drought and their combined effects on morphological structure and physicochemical properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) starch

High temperature (HT) and drought stress (WS) severely affect rice quality by altering the starch structure in rice. The morphological and physicochemical properties of starches isolated from two rice varieties grown under three stress treatment (HT, WS and WS + HT) during the grain filling stage were investigated. The results showed that WS increased amylose content (AC%) and the proportion of large starch granules (LSG) and made the surface of the starch granule smooth and flat. As a result, a lower relative crystallinity, surface order, swelling power, setback viscosity and gelatinization enthalpy were caused. HT decreased AC% and milled rice rate, but increased chalky rice rate, the number of LSG and the large air space and pits on the surface of the starch granules. As a result, a higher relative crystallinity, surface order, swelling power, setback viscosity and gelatinization enthalpy were caused. Similar results were observed under the treatment of WS + HT, indicating that there is a mild antagonistic effect on rice starch when the HT and WS occur simultaneously.     

灌浆期不同时段高温对稻米淀粉理化特性的影响

【目的】研究灌浆期不同时段高温对稻米淀粉组成、结构和理化特性的影响,揭示高温对稻米淀粉理化特性影响的时段效应,阐明高温、结构和功能之间的关系。【方法】以耐热水稻品种黄华占和热敏感的9311近等位基因系为实验材料,利用人工气候箱设置高温[38℃(昼)/30℃(夜)]和对照[28℃(昼)/22℃(夜)],研究灌浆前期(齐穗期后1－15 d)和后期(齐穗期后16 d至成熟)高温对稻米的加工品质、外观品质、淀粉组成、支链淀粉链长分布、粒度分布、胶稠度、黏度特性、糊化特性、结晶特性和颗粒形态的影响。【结果】灌浆期高温使糙米率、精米率、整精米率显著下降,使垩白粒率和垩白度显著升高,导致加工品质和外观品质变差。灌浆期高温使总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量、短支链淀粉含量、大淀粉粒占比、直/支链淀粉比显著下降,而中等支链淀粉含量、小中淀粉粒占比、糊化温度和糊化焓显著上升,黏度特性显著改变,结晶类型不变但结晶度显著改变,淀粉颗粒表面出现小孔,表面变得凹凸不平,导致淀粉颗粒更加碎片化和蒸煮食味品质变劣。灌浆期不同时段高温对稻米品质的影响不同,灌浆前期高温对稻米淀粉的影响大于灌浆后期,耐热品种受影响小于热敏感品种。灌浆前期高温处理下供试材料具有较高的消减值和较低的崩解值,黏度特性变差;灌浆后期高温处理下供试材料具有较低的消减值和较高的崩解值,黏度特性变好。【结论】灌浆前期高温对淀粉理化特性的影响最大,进而导致稻米的加工品质、外观品质和蒸煮食味品质变劣,灌浆后期高温提升了黏度特性。     

1,2,4-三氯苯和萘对水稻产量及品质的影响

以汕优63和武运粳7号为材料,研究了两种有机污染物1,2,4-三氯苯（TCB）和萘（NAP）对水稻产量及其构成因子的影响并提出了减少籽粒中残留的调控措施。 TCB明显降低两个水稻品种的移栽成活率,这是导致产量明显降低的主要原因;NAP对水稻移栽成活率影响较小。两种有机污染物都引起水稻抽穗期延迟。在产量构成因子中,每盆穗数和结实率是影响产量的两个主要因子。两种有机污染物均影响稻米品质,对稻米的垩白度影响最明显,其次是精米率、整精米率、蛋白质含量和直链淀粉含量,而对出糙率几乎无影响。TCB和NAP在水稻籽粒中都有残留,而NAP的含量几乎是TCB的10倍,表明NAP的生物可利用性要比TCB高。汕优63籽粒积累两种有机物的能力明显高于武运粳7号。增施有机肥以及N、P、K肥可明显减轻有机污染物的毒害作用,从而提高产量。上述结果说明,在污水灌溉实践中要注意控制秧苗移栽期灌溉水的质量,严格控制水中TCB尤其是NAP的含量,并通过适当的肥水等栽培措施进行调控,以保证产量和粮食安全。     

花后水稻穗部夜间远红外增温处理对稻米品质的影响

 以武育粳3号为材料,在开放环境下使用远红外加热器对水稻穗部进行增温处理,研究了灌浆结实期穗部日间或夜间增温对稻米品质的影响。结果表明,夜间增温降低了糙米率、精米率和整精米率,增加了垩白发生,降低了稻米的加工品质和外观品质,与日间增温影响一致。夜间增温提高了稻米蛋白质含量,与日间增温相似,但夜间增温有降低稻米直链淀粉含量的趋势,与日间增温相反。夜间增温处理淀粉结构与日间增温差异较分明,尤其是胚乳腹部,夜间增温胚乳腹部的淀粉粒个体较大,棱角分明,排列紧密;而日间增温淀粉体较小,呈圆形和椭圆形,但数量较多。夜间增温对淀粉相对结晶度的影响与日间增温相似,但夜间增温增幅较小。总体来说,灌浆结实期夜间增温对稻米的加工品质、外观品质、营养品质影响与日间增温一致,对蒸煮食味品质和淀粉结构的影响与日间增温存在很大的差异,且夜间增温对稻米品质的影响程度整体上小于日间增温。     

地点和播期对半糯粳稻食味品质的影响

【目的】明确新育成半糯粳稻的蒸煮食味品质特性及其对环境条件的响应。【方法】以生产上大面积种植的优良食味粳稻品种南粳46和南粳9108及其杂交育成的38个半糯粳稻品系为材料,通过两个地点两个播期的品系比较试验,分析了供试品系的淀粉理化指标、RVA谱特征值和食味品质。【结果】测定的12个蒸煮食味品质性状在品系间的差异均极显著。供试品系的外观品质和食味品质均较好,10个品系的食味值超过南粳9108,6个品系超过南粳46,晚粳类型的食味值高于中粳类型。地点对蒸煮食味品质性状的影响除了峰值黏度不显著以外,其余性状均达极显著水平;影响较大的性状是食味值、回复值和直链淀粉含量,其次是外观品质、峰值时间和冷胶黏度,对峰值黏度、胶稠度和崩解值的影响较小。直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、峰值时间、崩解值、消减值、回复值、外观品质和食味值在地点与品种间的互作也达显著或极显著水平。与南京种植相比,泗洪种植时直链淀粉含量普遍增加,胶稠度则普遍下降,RVA谱特征值除了崩解值多数下降以外,其余特征值多呈上升趋势。泗洪的外观品质和食味值普遍比南京好,泗洪的食味值平均增加了7.8分。播期对蒸煮食味品质性状的影响除了糊化温度、崩解值和消减值不显著以外,其余性状均达极显著水平;影响最大的性状是胶稠度,其次是直链淀粉含量、回复值、食味值和峰值时间,崩解值的影响最小。胶稠度、峰值黏度、热浆黏度、冷胶黏度、崩解值、消减值和食味值在播期与品种间的互作也达显著或极显著水平。推迟播种,直链淀粉含量升高,胶稠度下降,糊化温度变化不大,RVA谱特征值除了崩解值和消减值有升有降以外,峰值黏度、热浆黏度、冷胶黏度,峰值时间和回复值普遍上升。外观品质和食味值普遍提高。【结论】地点和播期及其与品种的互作对半糯粳稻的外观品质和蒸煮食味品质都有显著影响。优质稻米的生产,要选择适合当地气候条件的优质品种类型,并使其在最适气候与栽培条件下灌浆结实。     

Effect of Cold-Water Irrigation on Grain Quality Traits in japonica Rice Varieties from Yunnan Province, China

The response of grain quality traits to cold-water irrigation and its correlation with cold tolerance were studied in 11 japonica rice varieties from Yunnan Province, China. The results indicated that the response of grain quality traits to the cold-water stress varied with rice varieties and grain quality traits. Under the cold-water stress, grain width, chalky rice rate, whiteness, 1000-grain weight, brown rice rate, taste meter value, peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity and final viscosity significantly decreased, whereas grain length-width ratio, head rice rate, alkali digestion value, protein content and setback viscosity markedly increased. However, the other traits such as grain length, amylose content, milled rice rate, peak viscosity time and pasting temperature were not significantly affected by the cold-water stress. Significant correlations were discovered between phenotypic acceptability and cold response indices of taste meter value, protein content, peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity. Therefore, it would be very important to improve the cold tolerance of Yunnan rice varieties in order to stabilize and improve their eating quality.     

Relationship Between Variation in Activities of Key Enzymes Related to Starch Synthesis During Grain Filling Period and Quality of Eating and Cooking in Rice

Eating or cooking quality is one of the important quality of rice. Amylose content, RVA properties and taste meter value are three important indexes for evaluating cooking and eating quality of rice, which are determined by the chemical and physical com- …     

试论杂交水稻的品质育种目标

生产上推广利用的大多数杂交稻组合具有优良的蒸煮品质和营养品质，但加工品质、外观品质尚需进一步改良。今后，应把提高稻谷的精米率和整精米率，降低垩白粒率，减少垩白度，提高胚乳的透明度作为选育杂交稻新组合的品质育种目标，同时，还应适当降低直链淀粉含量，进一步改善杂交稻米饭的柔软性，改进食用品质。     

Variation in rice quality of different cultivars and grain positions as affected by water management

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of cultivar and grain position on rice quality under different water management treatments. Water treatments significantly affected all quality traits in the study, except alkali digestibility (AD). There were significant interactions of water treatment by grain position and genotype for brown rice rate (BRR), chalky grain rate (CGR) and amylose content (AC), and interactions of grain position by water treatment and cultivar for head milled rice rate (HMRR). The interaction of water treatment by genotype for protein content (PC) was also significant. Of all variance components, water treatment ranked the highest for PC. Similarly grain position was ranked the highest for AC, BRR, CGR and HMRR. In comparison with wet cultivation, plastic-film mulched cultivation had significantly lower BRR, HMRR, CGR and higher PC. There were marked differences in milled quality, appearance and AD among differently positioned grains within a spike. For appearance and PC, the difference between plastic-film mulched cultivation and wet cultivation was greater for upland rice than paddy rice. For milled and cooking–eating quality, the difference between plastic-film mulched cultivation and wet cultivation was greater for the good quality paddy rice than the upland rice and the poor quality paddy rice. In plastic-film mulched cultivation, top grains showed lower milled quality and PC. While in wet cultivation, the opposite result was seen. With the decrease in soil water content, BRR and appearance showed increased and decreased differences among grains within a spike, respectively. The results indicate the possibility of improving rice quality by use of better water management and suitable cultivars.     

氮肥对水稻胚乳淀粉品质、相关酶活性及基因表达量的影响

【目的】旨在为阐明灌浆成熟期氮素营养对水稻淀粉品质影响机理以及建立优质高产水稻栽培技术提供理论依据。【方法】选用4个籽粒直链淀粉含量差异显著的粳稻品种,通过盆栽试验研究氮素营养对稻米淀粉组分和蛋白质含量及稻米蛋白质水解对淀粉黏滞特性的影响,并分析氮素营养对灌浆过程中籽粒蔗糖合酶(SuSy)、蔗糖磷酸合酶(SPS)、蔗糖酸性转化酶(AI)活性及OsGBSSⅠ、OsISAⅠ、OsSBEⅠ、OsSBEⅡ基因转录表达量的影响。【结果】结果表明,籽粒支链淀粉含量对氮素营养很敏感,灌浆成熟期氮素营养能改变籽粒淀粉组分含量;施氮条件下,高直链淀粉含量品种蒸煮食味品质下降更加明显,去除稻米蛋白质可明显提高稻米黏滞特性,蛋白质对淀粉黏滞特性的影响很大;增加灌浆成熟期氮素营养能显著或极显著提高籽粒SuSy和AI活性,显著抑制籽粒SPS活性;灌浆成熟期氮素营养能改变灌浆不同时期籽粒OsGBSSⅠ、OsISAⅠ和OsSBEⅡ基因转录表达量,以致灌浆过程中这些基因的转录表达量变化动态发生改变,但OsSBEⅠ基因转录表达量不因氮素营养而发生改变;受氮素营养的影响,灌浆起始期籽粒OsGBSSⅠ基因表达量明显上调,而灌浆中后期明显下调;氮素营养明显抑制灌浆成熟期籽粒OsISAⅠ基因和灌浆中后期的OsSBEⅠ基因转录表达,显著提高灌浆前期和中期的籽粒OsSBEⅠ基因转录表达量;氮素营养能抑制灌浆起始期籽粒OsSBEⅡ基因的转录表达,而提高灌浆中后期的基因转录表达。【结论】灌浆成熟期氮素营养除了通过蛋白质含量对淀粉品质产生影响外,还通过调控淀粉合成相关的酶活性和基因表达量等生理环节对淀粉含量和精细结构起作用,最终改变稻米黏滞特性和食味品质。     

Enhancement of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) concentration,total yield,and quality in fragrant rice through exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) application

The effects of exogenous application of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on yield and quality characteristics, especially 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) biosynthesis, are rarely investigated. Two field experiments, i.e., experiment 1 (EXP.1) and experiment 2 (EXP.2), were conducted, and four GABA levels, i.e., 0, 50, 500, 1000 mg l⁻¹, classified as CK, T1, T2, and T3, respectively, were sprayed at the initial heading stage of a fragrant rice cultivar, Yuxiangyouzhan. The results showed that exogenous GABA application increased the 2AP content in grains 8.58%–19.44% in EXP.1 and 0.01%–6.22% in EXP.2. Exogenous GABA treatments also increased the GABA concentration in the grains and proline content in fragrant rice. Significant correlations between the grain 2AP content and proline content in leaves at 5 days after spraying were also detected in EXP.1, whereas GABA application did not significantly affect leaf dry weight, total dry weight, or grain yield. Moreover, gas exchange parameters, soil-plant analyses development values, and antioxidant activities were improved under GABA treatments. Additionally, the GABA applications substantially improved the grain quality characteristics, including milled rice percentage, head rice percentage, and protein content. Overall, exogenous GABA application was effective in the improvement of quality characteristics in fragrant rice, especially that of grain 2AP contents.