大豆新品种长农26选育报告

大豆新品种长农26是长春市农业科学院大豆研究所选育成功的大豆新品种,2008～2009年区域试验平均产量2 422.9 kg·hm-2,比对照品种白农10增产8.0%,2009年生产试验平均产量2 298.8 kg·hm-2,比对照白农10增产4.6%。该品种2010年1月通过吉林省农作物品种审定委员会审定,为中早熟品种,其主要特点是秆强、抗倒,较耐密植,丰产性、稳产性好,籽粒外观品质优良。     

纤维亚麻新品种黑亚19号选育

为实现优质、高纤、抗病、抗倒伏育种目标,1995-2008年,我们以品系87097-30为母本,以黑亚7号为父本,成功选育出纤维亚麻新品种黑亚19号.该品种原茎、长麻、全麻、种子产量分别达到5239.0 kg·hm-2、853.3 kg·hm-2、1270.3 kg·hm-2和570.0 kg·Hhm-2,分别比对照黑亚11号增产12.0%、20.8%、18.9%和14.7%.长麻率19.9%,比对照高1.5个百分点;全麻率29.7%,比对照高1.8个百分点.于2009年2月通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定.     

春大豆新品种宁京豆7号的选育及高产栽培技术

中国农业科学院作物科学研究所大豆基因资源课题组以长农17为母本、冀B04-6为父本进行有性杂交,2009年宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所对其后代定向筛选,在宁夏地区采用系谱法经过10年选育而成春大豆新品种宁京豆7号.品种主要特点是高产、高油、稳产和适应性好.2016-2017年宁夏区域试验平均产量4366.5 kg·hm-2,比对照承豆6号增产3.1％.2018年生产试验平均产量4167 kg·hm-2,较对照承豆6号增产6.3％.于2019年通过宁夏回族自治区农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号:宁审豆20190001,并定名为宁京豆7号.     

高产大豆新品种齐农10号的选育与推广

齐农10号是黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院育成推广的高产大豆新品种,该品种平均蛋白质含量39.88％,脂肪含量19.69％;区域试验平均产量2800.5 kg·hm-2,较对照品种北豆40增产10.6％,生产试验平均产量2694.2 kg·hm-2,较对照品种北豆40增产10.5％.2019—2020年在克山县古城镇新...     

拔节期追施氮肥对宁麦16产量和品质的影响

为了研究拔节期追施氮肥对小麦产量和品质的影响,以中筋小麦品种宁麦16为试验材料,通过在拔节期追施不同量的氮肥,研究追施氮肥对其籽粒产量和品质的影响.结果表明,拔节期追施氮肥对宁麦16有极显著的增产作用,追施氮肥处理的平均单产比对照增产29.4%,其中以施纯氮225 kg·hm-2理的增产效果最为显著,较对照增产2281.0 kg·hm-2,增幅达40.56%,但施氮量继续增加,籽粒产量则有所下降.拔节期追施氮肥对产量构成因素的影响主要表现在提高成穗数和穗粒数上,平均比对照分别提高14.0%和19.0%.拔节期追施氮肥能显著提高宁麦16籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋含量、面团稳定时间和延伸性.综合产量和品质分析结果,在本试验条件下,拔节期追施225 kg·hm-2氮素可实现宁麦16高产与优质的协调.     

优质早熟大豆新品种吉育232的选育及示范推广

吉育232是吉林省农业科学院大豆研究所以(公交海1-257 x吉育68)F1为母本,吉大120为父本,经有性杂交系谱法选育而成的大豆新品种.2018-2019年参加吉林省北方春大豆早熟组区域试验,平均产量2 623.2 kg.hm-2,较对照品种合交02-69增产9.9％.2019年参加生产试验,平均产量2 574.7 kg·hm-2,较对照品种合交02-69增产9.0％.2020年通过吉林省农作物品种审定委员会审定,主要特点是高产、稳产、高油、高抗花叶病毒和灰斑病,适宜在吉林省早熟地区种植.     

夏大豆新品种油6019的选育及高产栽培技术

油6019是中国农业科学院油料作物研究所以中豆32为母本,郑8516为父本,经有性杂交,系谱法选育的夏大豆新品种.2015-2016年参加长江流域夏大豆早中熟组品种区域试验,平均产量3 256.5 kg·hm-2,较对照品种中豆41增产7.1％;2017年参加生产试验,平均产量3 121.5 kg·hm-2,较对照品种中豆41增产12.1％;2018年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定.油6019产量高、籽粒大、抗逆性好、商品性优,适合在长江流域中下游地区种植.2018年在湖北省天门市开展了油6019高产栽培技术集成与示范,高产地块产量可达4 500 kg·hm-2以上.试验表明油6019接油菜茬最佳,适时早播,根据土壤肥力情况保苗16.5万～22.5万株·hm-2,初花期化控1次,可创高产,提质增效.     

国审高产优质大豆新品种黑农83的选育

黑农83是黑龙江省农业科学院大豆研究所以~(60)Co-γ射线120 Gy处理黑农37的突变体哈交96-9为母本,合97-793为父本进行杂交,采用系谱法选育而成,2014-2015年参加东北春大豆中早熟组区域试验,平均产量3 153.8kg·hm~(-2),较对照02-69增产4.0%。2016年生产试验,平均产量2 850 kg·hm~(-2),比对照合交02-69增产7.8%,2017年通过国审。该品种集高产、优质、抗病、广适应性于一体,适宜北方春大豆中早熟区域的黑龙江省第一、二积温带、吉林省、内蒙、新疆的部分地区春播种植。     

双国审超高产大豆新品种郑1311的选育与思考

郑1311是河南省农业科学院以郑9805为母本,以漯F20?3为父本,有性杂交,系谱法选育而成的大豆新品种.2017—2018年河南省区域试验,平均产量3021.7 kg·hm-2,较对照豫豆22增产13.7％,2018年生产试验,平均产量2998.8 kg·hm-2,较对照豫豆22增产15.9％;2017—2018年...     

1990年黑龙江省审定推广的四个大豆品种

一、黑农35号 1.品种来源:黑龙江省农科院大豆所,1978年从黑农16×十胜长叶的杂交后代品系哈76—6296中系统选择而成。 2.产量表现:1986—1988年区试,17点次平均公顷产量为2312.8kg,比对照品种丰收19号增产7.2％。1989年生试,5点次平均公顷产量为1870.5kg,比对照品种丰收19号增产9.4％。     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.