红茶对胃肠道生理调节与疾病预防作用的研究进展

红茶是鲜叶在加工过程中经酶促氧化等反应所制成的一类茶,与其他种类茶叶相比,风味物质和功能因子种类也有所差异。红茶中的内含成分赋予其多种保健功能,对胃肠道的生理调节与疾病预防作用就是其中之一。红茶功能成分可以通过抑制有害菌生长、促进有益菌生长来改善肠道菌群结构;通过防止组织氧化和修复氧化损伤,并与胃粘液和谷胱甘肽等物质相互作用来保护胃肠道黏膜;通过与消化酶相互作用,促进胃肠道的蠕动来调节消化吸收;通过与免疫系统调节因子、相关转录因子和一系列酶类的相互作用来预防胃肠道疾病。本文就近年来红茶在这几个方面的生理调节与疾病预防作用的研究状况进行阐述。     

儿茶素体外氧化制取茶黄素的研究进展

茶黄素[Theaflavins;(TFs)]最早是由RobertsE.A.H.发现的,指红茶中溶于乙酸乙酯呈橙黄色的物质,由多酚类及其衍生物氧化缩合而成。茶黄素不仅是红茶的重要品质成分之一,而且具有良好的医药保健功能。近年来的研究认为,茶黄素具有抑菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗突变、抗癌防癌、降血糖、降血脂、防治心血管疾病等功效,甚至对艾滋病毒逆转录酶和多种DNA聚合     

不同浸提过程对GABA速溶红茶生化成分的影响

γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)是一种天然功能性氨基酸,具有多种保健功能,如调节神经系统、降血压、抗衰老、活化肝肾等多种功能;速溶茶粉具有与茶叶相同的保健功效,饮用方便、快捷,易与其它植物提取物相结合。浸提是速溶茶加工中的重要环节,对于速溶茶产品的制得率以及品质形成都具有重要影响。本文以提取率、氨基酸以及γ-氨基丁酸等成分为指标,在参考结合单因素试验研究结果基础上,采用L9(33)正交试验设计GABA速溶红茶粉的浸提工艺,研究各因素在浸提过程中对GABA速溶红茶粉的生化成分影响,并确定最佳工艺条件。研究结果表明:γ-氨基丁酸最佳浸提参数为浸提水温60℃、茶水比为(茶叶量与浸提用水量之比)1:15、浸提时间为40min。     

加工工艺对红茶主要生化品质的影响研究进展

加工工艺对红茶品质有重要影响.是红茶品质形成的主要因素之一.本文就萎凋、发酵和干燥等制茶工艺对红茶主要生化品质和香气成分的影响等方面作了综述,以期引起更深入的探讨.     

多穗石柯茶与传统红茶品质差异分析

为探明多穗石柯茶与传统红茶品质的差异,以湖南舜皇山野生多穗石柯茶树与普通茶树鲜叶按传统红茶工艺加工红茶,对茶样及其提取物进行感官审评及主要化学成分检测分析.结果表明:多穗石柯茶口感甜醇回甘,传统红茶醇厚爽口;多穗石柯茶与传统红茶代谢物组分种类存在差异,多穗石柯茶醇提取物与水提物中茶多酚、咖啡因、游离氨基酸及总黄酮等物质含量均显著高于传统红茶,两者茶黄素差异则不明显;EGCG为多穗石柯茶儿茶素主要成分,TFDG为其茶黄素主要成分,两者分别在其水提物中占62.09％和72.66％;多穗石柯茶与传统红茶均属于高钾无钠产品.本试验研究可为多穗石柯茶的开发利用提供理论参考.     

功能性饮料红茶菌研究进展

红茶茵是一种历史悠久的功能性饮料,检索国内外相关文献,从红茶菌菌种类型、成分、保健功能等方面进行综述,以期为红茶菌的深入研究提供参考.     

茶树新品系21-1工夫红茶香气成分分析北大核心

采用顶空-固相微萃取(HS-SPME)结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,分析了茶树新品系21-1(湘红3号)工夫红茶的香气组成及特异性香气成分。结果表明:2个样品共检测出57种香气物质,主要包括醇类、酯类、醛类、酮类和其他酸、烯和烷烃类等,其中醇类和酯类占主导,其次是醛类和酮类。水杨酸甲酯、香叶醇、芳樟醇及其氧化物等10种香气物质含量占香气总量的80%以上,共同构成了21-1工夫红茶的主导香气成分。其中,水杨酸甲酯含量最高,是21-1工夫红茶的特征性和指示性香气成分,表现出与印度、斯里兰卡红茶相似的冬青叶香气特征。     

顶空固相微萃取-气质联用法分析白茶的香气成分

采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用法分析比较了白毫银针和白牡丹两种典型白茶及同一品种鲜叶制成的绿茶、红茶的香气成分。结果表明,白茶与绿茶、红茶在香气组成上存在明显差异。白茶的香气成分以醇类化合物为主,在白毫银针和白牡丹中含量分别达到70.74%和60.13%,明显高于绿茶（27.56%）和红茶（45.30%）;白茶的酯类含量高于绿茶和红茶,醛类、酮类和碳氢化合物等含量低于绿茶和红茶,酸类、杂氧化合物等在白茶中未检出。β-芳樟醇及其氧化物、香叶醇、水杨酸甲酯、苯乙醇、苯甲醇等是白茶香气的主要成分,分别占白毫银针香气提取物总量的35.70%、23.47%、5.87%、7.06%、2.02%,分别占白牡丹香气提取物总量的35.40%、11.94%、10.72%、6.80%、2.71%。     

茶树新品系21-1工夫红茶香气成分分析

采用顶空-固相微萃取(HS-SPME)结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,分析了茶树新品系21-1(湘红3号)工夫红茶的香气组成及特异性香气成分。结果表明:2个样品共检测出57种香气物质,主要包括醇类、酯类、醛类、酮类和其他酸、烯和烷烃类等,其中醇类和酯类占主导,其次是醛类和酮类。水杨酸甲酯、香叶醇、芳樟醇及其氧化物等10种香气物质含量占香气总量的80%以上,共同构成了21-1工夫红茶的主导香气成分。其中,水杨酸甲酯含量最高,是21-1工夫红茶的特征性和指示性香气成分,表现出与印度、斯里兰卡红茶相似的冬青叶香气特征。     

论红茶的保健医疗作用

红茶产品是整个茶叶产品体系中极为重要的元素内容,通过对红茶自身的成分进行细致化认知,我们看到系统化服用红茶之后,其能够在系统化发挥其功能价值之后,实现社会大众的健康生活。当然红茶产品自身的成分内涵是丰富多样化的,这也为红茶自身保健医疗价值发挥提供了重要支撑。本文拟从红茶产品的发展状况认知入手,结合红茶自身成分的合理认知,从而系统化探究红茶产品中所具有的保健医疗作用及价值。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。