山东省棉花品种区域试验现状与对策

棉花品种区域试验是鉴定棉花新品种综合性状（丰产性、稳产性、适应性和抗逆性）的重要手段,是棉花新品种潜在生产力转化为有效生产力的纽带。科学客观地对棉花新品种做出真实评价,为正确审定推广棉花新品种提供可靠的依据,直接关系到农业发展、农村进步、农民增收等实际问题。     

2009年国家棉花新品种赣北德安县展示简报

为了加快棉花新品种宣传和推广、提高棉花新品种更新速度,促进农业结构调整,加快农业产业化进程,充分发挥新品种对农业生产的基础作用,让种子管理者、经营者、生产者及广大棉农较直接地了解到各品种在长江流域生长的特征特性,以便选择适合种植的优良棉花新品种,充分掌握棉花新品种的丰产性、     

山东省棉花未来抗病新品种更换动态

山东省棉花未来抗病新品种更换动态①吴夫安山东省棉花系统工程研究所２５０１００当前，山东省面临第六次棉花新品种大更换，其未来新品种抗黄萎病性状究竟如何？这是棉花生产上众所关心的大难题。根据黄萎病情、棉花生产和科学研究进展，阐述如下：１棉花黄萎病害的严重...     

2010年国家棉花新品种展示江西德安展区总结

为了加快棉花新品种宣传和推广力度,拓宽品种推广渠道,推进棉花品种结构的优化,提高棉花新品种更新更换速度,加快农业产业化进程,充分发挥新品种对农业生产的基础作用,掌握棉花新品种的丰产性、适应性和抗逆性.2010年江西省德安县种子管理局继续承担了农业部全国农业技术推广服务中心和江西省农业厅共同组织开展的国家棉花新品种展示项目工作.现将德安县展区2010年实施情况总结如下.     

关于加强我省棉花新品种选育和扩繁推广工作的几点建议

关于加强我省棉花新品种选育和扩繁推广工作的几点建议吴济森，汪学凤（江西省棉花研究所九江３３２１０５）党的十一届三中全会以来，我省棉花新品种选育工作取得较大成绩。选后育成赣棉５号、６号、７号、８号、９号等棉花新品种。其中赣棉６号１９８９年在长江流域棉花...     

我国棉花新品种测试体系的建立及其功能分析

随着我国棉花商业化育种步伐的加快，需要建立棉花新品种测试评价技术体系。本文阐述了我国“十二五”棉花新品种测试体系的主要内容，总结了3年来测试体系项目的主要进展，并对新品种测试体系在棉花生产中的功能进行了初步分析。     

棉花良种繁育体系与繁育技术

棉花是常异交作物,天然杂交率约6.1%,致使新品种的特征特性逐渐退化,世界各主产棉国都非常重视棉花良种繁育工作,把棉花育种和良种繁育视为一个整体,良繁是棉花新品种选育的延伸和继续。     

1994年美国发放的棉花新品种择介

１９９４年美国发放的棉花新品种择介王淑民中国农科院棉花研究所安阳４５５１１２１９９４年美国发放的棉花新品种择介@王淑民$中国农科院棉花研究所...     

山西省棉花区域试验存在的问题及对策

<正>棉花区域试验是根据统一的规范与要求,通过不同生态环境的多年多点试验,鉴定棉花新品种的丰产性、纤维品质、抗病性、抗虫性及对环境的适应能力,并根据新品种在区域试验中的具体表现,对其进行综合评价,明确新品种的适应范围,为新品种的审定和推广提供科学依据。山西省中熟棉花区     

棉花创新资源的主要农艺性状鉴定与分析

棉花种质资源是选育高产、优质新品种的物质基础,在推动棉花持续增产过程中发挥着重要作用。新中国成立后,我国棉花种质资源的收集范围及数量不断扩大,国内学者对棉花种质资源的创造和鉴定做了大量工作,为新品种选育提供了可靠的亲本来源和选配依据。近年来随着纺织工业对原棉品质需求的提高以及棉花黄萎病发生的加重,棉花生产对品种主要农艺性状的要求越来越高。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.