Studies on plant regeneration and somaclonal variation in Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl. (African violet)

Efficient plant regeneration of Saintpaulia ionantha (African violet) has been obtained in the present study. MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L(-1) IAA and 2.0 mg L(-1) Zeatin resulted in 100% shoot regeneration and induced the highest number of shoots (average 15.0 +/- 0.8 shoots per explant) after being cultured for 8 weeks. The above hormone combination was optimum for shoot regeneration. Most of Saintpaulia ionantha plantlets derived from tissue culture system could be hardened and transferred to the greenhouse conditions with 84.0 +/- 1.6% success rate. However, regenerated plantlets of Saintpaulia ionantha (even after 12-months-old) failed to flower. Morphological characters of regenerated plantlets of Saintpaulia ionantha were observed and compared with in vivo (intact) plants. Regenerated plantlets showed some differences in morphological characters, such as height and leaf size, texture and colour, but the plantlets showed no variation in leaf arrangement and leaf margin. However, the morphological characters of the regenerated plantlets were found to be unstable.     

马铃薯优化再生系统的建立

本试验研究了六种培养基系统对马铃薯东农３０３，Ｆａｖｏｒｉｔａ和极早三个品种来源的不同外植体的愈伤组织诱导和植株再生的影响，筛选出了适合植株再生的最佳外植体、最佳外植体大小及最佳培养基系统。适合植株再生的最佳外植体为叶片；最佳外植体大小为叶片０．５ｃｍ２、茎０．５ｃｍ、块茎０．２５ｃｍ２×０．３ｃｍ，适合于茎、块茎及叶的有效培养基系统分别为：①ＭＳ＋３ｍｇ·Ｌ-１ＢＡ＋０．０１ｍｇ·Ｌ-１ＮＡＡ（ｐｈ５．６）４周ＭＳ＋０．３ｍｇ·Ｌ-１ＧＡ３（ｏＨ５．６）；②ＭＳ＋１．７５ｍｇ·Ｌ-１ＺＴ＋０．８７ｍｇ·Ｌ-１ＩＡＡ（ｐＨ５．８）；③ＭＳ＋２．２５ｍｇ·Ｌ-１ＢＡ＋０．１８６ｍｇ·Ｌ-１ＮＡＡ（ｐＨ５．８）２周ＭＳ＋５ｍｇ·Ｌ-１ＧＡ３＋２．２５ｍｇ·Ｌ-１ＢＡ（ｐｈ５．８）。     

大豆子叶节丛生芽的诱导研究

选用吉大豆1号、吉大豆2号、吉林47和东农42共4个基因型的大豆子叶节作为外植体进行离体再生,筛选出丛生芽诱导率较高的大豆基因型吉林47。在此基础上,以吉林47的大豆子叶节为外植体,研究了外植体消毒时间、发芽时间和条件对大豆子叶节再生的影响,并设计正交试验对芽诱导及伸长阶段的激素配比进行了研究。得出吉林47较适合氯气灭菌时间为6～10 h,最适萌发条件为16 h光+8 h暗光周期条件下培养5～7 d。最终确定芽诱导阶段添加6-BA浓度为2 mg.L-1、IBA浓度为0.1 mg.L-1;14 d后继代伸长阶段添加IAA浓度0.3 mg.L-1、GA浓度为0.5 mg.L-1。     

文心兰侧芽诱导丛生芽技术研究

以文心兰侧芽为外植体,研究侧芽采前处理、消毒次数、培养基中不同椰子汁含量配比对丛生芽诱导的影响。结果表明,采用在培养基中添加天然植物体,以幼嫩的椰子汁本身所含的微量激素和植物细胞分裂所需的关键诱导因子代替人工合成激素,对以文心兰侧芽为外植体进行丛生芽的诱导效果明显;以文心兰侧芽为外植体,通过采前5～7 d对植株的控水和喷施抗菌剂相结合的方法处理后,可避免病菌感染;经过连续2次0.15% 的升汞溶液灭菌(其中消毒时间为第1次7～8 min,第2次30～50 s),消毒效果最好;以(1/3大量元素)MS＋15     

Morphogenic Response of Leaf and Petiole Explants of Broccoli Using Thidiazuron

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is an important nutritionally rich vegetable cole crop grown in the world. Environmental stress, pests, and diseases cause enormous yield losses because of a limited gene pool. Genetic manipulation is becoming an important method for broccoli improvement. The objective of present study was to evaluate the potency of thidiazuron (TDZ) as a plant growth regulator in evoking morphogenic responses in leaf and petiole explants of broccoli. An efficient, reproducible, and high frequency plant regeneration protocol has been standardized in broccoli cv. Solan green head. Leaf and petiole explants were cultured on Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with a wide range of TDZ concentrations. The following treatments were designed for efficient in vitro shoot regeneration: TDZ alone, TDZ with adenine, TDZ with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and TDZ with indole acetic acid (IAA). Among the 36 combinations of growth regulators used, the highest percentage of leaf explants producing shoot (89.25%) was recorded on MS medium containing 1.0 μM TDZ and 0.107 μM NAA. The multiple shoot regeneration response of petiole explant producing shoots (91.55%) was obtained on MS medium containing 2.0 μM TDZ and 0.107 μM NAA. Shoot multiplication and elongation were obtained on the same medium. For root regeneration in in vitro regenerated shoots, different concentrations of NAA were applied. High frequency (100%) root regeneration response with healthy and vigorous roots was observed on MS medium supplemented with 0.54 μM NAA. The regenerated plantlets with well-developed shoots and root system were transferred to pots containing cocopeat and successfully acclimatized. We recommend 1.0 μM TDZ with 0.107 μM NAA and 2.0 μM TDZ and 0.107 μM NAA combinations for adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf and petiole explants in broccoli cv. Solan green head respectively. This is the first report on high frequency organogenesis from leaf and petiole explants of broccoli cv. Solan green head using thidiazuron.     

不同处理方法对马铃薯茎尖成苗率的影响

试验以带马铃薯病毒的N88为材料,分别在40℃/25℃(4 h/20 h)的变温环境中,培养2、3、4周处理后茎尖剥离;以N88和D575试管苗为材料,在加入0,20,30 mg·L-1病毒唑的培养基中处理40 d后茎尖剥离。茎尖培养基为MS+0.05 mg·L-1 NAA+0.1 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L-1 GA3+4 g·L-1琼脂粉+30 g·L-1白砂糖的改良固体培养基,30 d后开始调查成苗率,每隔10 d调查1次,直到60 d,统计茎尖成苗率。结果表明:2周变温处理的茎尖成苗率和对照接近,但脱毒率有所提高;4周变温处理剥离茎尖成苗率最低,60 d成苗率仅为15%,脱毒率为100%;病毒唑浓度对不同材料的茎尖成苗率影响不同,其中D575经过20 mg·L-1病毒唑处理,茎尖培养60 d后成苗率最高达到83.3%,PVS脱除率为40%;材料N88在加入20 mg·L-1和30 mg·L-1浓度病毒唑的培养基中培养40 d后茎尖剥离,60 d成苗率分别为40.0%和41.7%,PVY、PLRV的脱毒率为100%。     

大豆子叶节植株再生体系的研究

以大豆品种"辽豆17"、"辽豆18"和"辽豆23"子叶节为外植体诱导不定芽的发生.结果表明:随着培养基中6-BA浓度的增加,每块外植体上不定芽的数量呈增加的趋势,当向1/2MSB培养基中添加0.05 mg·L-1IBA和4.0 mg·L-16.BA时,不定芽的诱导率最高.比较不同的外植体获得方法,保留半片子叶的外植体诱...     

香蕉横切薄层切片芽分化的培养技术

以香蕉横切薄层切片为材料,研究了不同因素对薄层切片芽分化的影响。结果表明:利用横切薄层培养技术能更有效、快速地进行香蕉的无性繁殖;TDZ（英文名为Thidiazuron,N-pheny-N’-1,2,3.-thia-diazol-5-ylurea,中文译为苯基噻二唑基脲）对香蕉薄层切片芽的分化有抑制作用,没有得到生长正常的不定芽;横切薄层切片在暗培养且培养温度为30℃时比25℃有较高的不定芽分化率,不定芽分化能力强,丛芽多;蔗糖和AgNO3对薄层切片芽分化有一定的影响。      

TDZ和暗培养对蝴蝶兰叶片不定芽发生的影响

以蝴蝶兰幼嫩花梗诱导的无菌苗叶片为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,研究不同暗培养时间和TDZ浓度对蝴蝶兰叶片诱导不定芽的影响。结果表明：暗培养和TDZ对接种的蝴蝶兰叶片的成活率均具有显著影响,暗培养60 d时,叶片的存活率在90%以上,而在同一暗培养时间条件下,叶片的存活率随着TDZ浓度的增加而上升;在TDZ浓度为3.0 mg/L,暗培养60 d时,蝴蝶兰存活叶片不定芽的诱导率最高,达到93.45%;诱导的不定芽数最多,平均每个外植体诱导的不定芽数为13.22个。综合考虑外植体的成活率、不定芽诱导率和诱导的不定芽数,蝴蝶兰叶片诱导不定芽的最佳条件为：MS＋TDZ 3.0 mg/L,暗培养60 d。     

Growth optimization and organogenesis of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hook f. in vitro

Regeneration potentials in Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hook f. from tissues culture system was studied using leaf, petiole and root explants. In vitro regeneration, callus induction and root formation were optimized by manipulation of growth regulators during organogenesis. Various kinds of plant growth regulators such as 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), alpha-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), Indole-3-Butyric acid (IBA), N6-[2-Isopentenyl]adenine (2iP), Kinetin and Zeatin were used to initiate cultures. These plant growth regulators were added to Murashige and Skoog medium in different combinations and concentrations. Adventitious shoots were obtained from petiole explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L(-1) BAP and 0.5 mg L(-1) NAA. Effectiveness of shoot regeneration medium, type of growth regulator used and duration of induction period were investigated. Leaf explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L(-1) BAP and 2.0 mg L(-1) 2, 4-D showed the best results for callus induction. Root explants were found to be non-regenerative in all experiments conducted. Petiole segment was identified as the best explant for regeneration of this species. Regenerated plants were rooted on Murashige and Skoog basal medium. Plantlets were then transferred to field with 75% survival rate.     

贵港报春苣苔的叶片组培与植株再生

以贵港报春苣苔的叶片为外植体,研究不同培养基对其不定芽诱导和增殖、愈伤组织诱导与分化以及生根的影响。结果表明,外植体叶片以纵切为宜,不定芽诱导最适培养基为MS+6-BA 4.0 mg/L+IAA 1.5 mg/L,愈伤组织诱导最适培养基为MS+6-BA3.0～5.0 mg/L+2,4-D0.5～1.0 mg/L,不定芽诱导率以及愈伤组织诱导率均为100.00%;愈伤在MS+KT 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+potato 30 g/L+banana 30 g/L+apple 20 g/L+coconut juice 100 mL/L培养基上分化系数达12.64;不定芽在MS+ZT 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.10 mg/L+potato 30 g/L+banana 30 g/L+apple 20 g/L+coconut juice 100 mL/L培养基的增殖系数为8.55;不定芽在3/4 MS+NAA 0.01～0.05 mg/L+活性炭1.0～3.0 g/L培养基上的生根率为100.00%。综上所述,叶片纵切后能通过不定芽途径以及愈伤组织途径建立贵港报春苣苔的组织培养技术体系,在该体系下不定芽增殖系数高、愈伤分化高,组培苗生根好。     

基因型和2,4 D浓度对小麦不同外植体离体培养特性的影响

为了探讨不同基因型、不同外植体和不同培养条件对小麦愈伤组织诱导、分化及再生的影响,以小偃22、西农1376、西农1012和西农1013为材料,对各小麦品种(系)的幼穗、花药、幼胚和成熟胚组织的培养特性及影响因素进行了研究.结果表明,愈伤组织的诱导和再生与外植体类型、基因型和培养条件密切相关.以幼穗和花药为材料,西农1376平均出愈率均最高,达98.97％和3.85％,成苗率和花培效率均值亦最高,达12.83％和2.39％;以幼胚为材料,西农1376平均出愈率也最高,达99.27％,西农1012平均成苗率最高,达51.03％;以成熟胚为材料,小偃22平均出愈率最高,达93.22％,西农1376平均成苗率达19.78％.离体培养条件下,不同小麦品种(系)的4种外植体愈伤诱导和分化率与2,4-D浓度密切相关,1.0～3.0 mg·L-1 2,4D浓度能较好地诱导4种离体组织愈伤的产生及分化.不同基因型和同一基因型的不同外植体在2,4-D最佳诱导浓度上也有差异.供试小麦4种离体组织培养再生特性比较表明,离体幼胚培养再生效率最高,成熟胚次之,幼穗最差.     

卡那霉素对大豆生长的抑制及筛选试验研究

用3个大豆品种作为研究材料，研究了卡那霉素对种子萌发、子叶节培养、茎尖和组培苗生根的抑制效应。结果表明不同的外植体对卡那霉素的反应存在较大的差异，用卡那霉素浸泡种子，浓度最好是1000ppm，而种子在含卡那霉素培养基上萌发，一般为100—200ppm效果较好，子叶节在生长培养时卡那霉素可采用50—100ppm。而茎尖、子叶节组培苗，一旦放入含有卡那霉素培养基内，不论浓度多少，无一生根。不同的基因型亦稍有差异。所以在筛选转化子之前一定要进行临界浓度的筛选试验。     

In vitro shoot regeneration and chromosome doubling in 2X and 3X potato clones

The possibility of scaling ploidy levels up and down offers several advantages for genetic studies and breeding work in potato. Shoot regeneration and chromosome doubling in plants regenerated fromin vitro cultures were investigated in 4 diploid (2n=2x=24) and 2 triploid (2n=3x=36) clones. Internode and leaf expiants were taken from plants propagated eitherin vitro as shoot cultures, orin vivo in a greenhouse. Two regeneration procedures were compared. Regeneration frequencies were significantly higher using a two-step regeneration protocol and from leaf explants, while doubling was more efficient starting fromin vivo grown plants. No doubling was observed in triploid clones. Considering altogether the percentage of regeneration and doubling, and the number of shoots regenerated per explant, the most efficient conditions were considered leaf explants taken fromin vivo grown plants, and cultured according to a two-step regeneration protocol.     

滁州白头翁组织培养及再生体系的建立

为建立白头翁再生体系,以白头翁主根的切段和试管苗叶片为外植体,比较2种外植体离体培养差异,探讨不同植物生长调节剂对不定芽和愈伤组织诱导、愈伤增殖和再分化及芽苗生根的影响。结果表明:叶片可以通过愈伤组织再分化和直接产生不定芽2种途径建立再生体系,而根只诱导出了愈伤组织,增殖培养中逐渐褐化死亡;在含6-BA培养基上,叶块死亡,而根只诱导出少量愈伤组织;叶片诱导不定芽的培养基为MS+TDZ 0.3 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L;愈伤组织增殖的培养基为MS+TDZ 0.2 mg/L+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L;再分化时,需要转接到TDZ和NAA组合的培养基上,其中处理组合TDZ 0.3 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L的再分化率达100%;生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L+蔗糖20 g/L。不同外植体离体培养存在差异,叶片较根易培养;TDZ对白头翁叶片培养效果较好,2,4-D对愈伤组织的诱导能力较强,而NAA适合于不定芽分化,NAA与IBA组合使用生根效果较好。     

山东茶树良种组织培养及繁殖能力的研究

取茶树嫩茎段作外植体进行离体培养 ,以MS作基本培养基 ,经添加不同激素水平及组合的试验 ,得到最佳分化率 83% ,其培养基配方为MS +BA 1 5+ZT 0 5;最佳生根率 80 % ,其培养基配方为 1/ 2MS +IBA0 2 +2 0g糖。选出了最佳移栽基质为蛭石 +壤土 +木屑 ,其配比为 2∶1∶1,移栽成活率达 85%。一个外植体经三次继代培养可繁殖 4 7棵苗。     

利用农杆菌介导法将PVA-CP基因导入马铃薯品种东农303的研究

以马铃薯早熟品种东农303的微型薯为受体材料,对其再生和农杆菌介导的遗传转化体系进行了研究,成功地将PVA-CP基因导入马铃薯中。结果表明:在加入5mg·L-1ZT和1mg·L-1IAA的培养基上微型薯再生频率最高达95%;农杆菌侵染薯块时,用浓度为OD600=0.5的菌液,侵染5min,共培养2d转化频率最高;在诱导芽阶段加入75mg·L-1的卡那霉素,采用延迟筛选的方法。得到的抗性芽有22株在含100mg·L-1卡那霉素的培养基上生根。经PCR和PCR-Southern杂交检测,15株为阳性植株。初步证明了PVA-CP基因已导入并整合到马铃薯品种东农303的基因组中。     

培养条件对甘蓝型黄籽油菜下胚轴的再生影响

以甘蓝型黄籽油菜GH01的下胚轴为材料，研究影响外植体芽再生的因素。试验结果表明，苗龄、预培养基的激素浓度和预培养时间、分化培养基等对芽再生频率均有较大影响。8d苗龄的下胚轴置MS 1．5mg／L2，4-D 0．1mg／L6-BA培养基预培养4d后，转分化培养基MS 4．0mg／L6-BA 0．05mg／LNAA 5．0mg／LAgNO3 0．6mg,／LGA3培养，可获得较高的芽再生频率。添加5mg／LAgNO3处理可防止外植体褐化并有利于芽分化；0．6mg／L GA3处理可促进胚状体形成，提高芽再生频率。GH01最高芽再生频率为40．50％。     

An improved and efficient micropropagation of Eclipta alba through transverse thin cell layer culture and assessment of clonal fidelity using RAPD analysis

An improved and efficient in vitro regeneration system has been developed for Eclipta alba, a medicinally important plant, through transverse thin cell layer culture (tTCL). The transverse section of the nodal segment of field grown plants was used as tTCL explants for plant regeneration. Shoot multiplication from tTCL nodal explants was influenced by BAP and their interaction with Kin or NAA. MS medium containing 13.2 μM BAP and 4.6 μM Kin was most effective for shoot multiplication from tTCL nodal explants. Upon this medium, percent response for shoot proliferation was 100% with an average of 32.6 shoot buds per tTCL nodal explant. Regenerated shoots from tTCL nodal explants were rooted on the growth regulator free MS medium. The rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized and established in soil with a survival frequency of 90-100%. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to evaluate the genetic fidelity of the micropropagated plants. RAPD profile analysis indicated that micropropagated plants were genetically similar to mother plant.     

大麦茎尖愈伤组织的诱导和植株高频再生

为明确大麦茎尖高频再生培养体系的影响因素,以大麦品种甘啤3号、甘啤4号和甘啤6号为材料,研究颖壳去除方法、灭菌处理方式、无菌苗的苗龄、茎尖切段的大小和位置以及外源激素(2,4-D)浓度对大麦茎尖愈伤组织培养和植株高频再生的影响。结果表明,大麦种子颖壳去除的最佳方法是将种子浸泡在30%的硫酸中,并置于水平摇床30℃、180r·min~(-1)摇动1h;同时发现参试品种中甘啤4号发芽率最高;75%的乙醇1.5min+2%的NaClO 15min的灭菌处理效果最好,其带菌率和发芽率与其他处理有显著差异,并且对种子伤害较小,幼苗整齐度较好,有利于无菌苗的培养;茎尖外植体愈伤组织的形成和植株再生频率与茎尖切段的位置和苗龄密切相关,3d苗龄、茎尖基部2mm处的切段效果最好;3mg·L~(-1) 2,4-D适宜愈伤组织的离体培养,在出愈率和植株再生率上差异显著,可以诱导出大量愈伤组织。