影响啤酒大麦种子发芽整齐度的因素

综述影响啤酒大麦种子发芽整齐度的因素，着重介绍了品种、籽粒整齐度（包括粒重和粒位）对发芽整齐度的影响，旨在培育优势啤酒大麦提供借鉴。     

啤酒大麦籽粒整齐度形成特征与栽培策略的讨论

啤酒大麦籽粒整齐是确定等级的重要感官检验指标。整齐度高，往往发芽均匀一致。整齐度的表现形式是籽粒间重量的差异，而粒重一方面受品种的遗传基因控制，另一方面取决于环境条件。因此，众多学者在研究灌浆生理的基础上，深入探讨了栽培措施和气候因子对大麦单粒重的影响，但这些研究几乎都是平均千粒重为依据来评判影响的大小，而对整齐度报道颇少。笔者从多年的生产实践中得到这样一个结论：高产田的平均千粒重尽管与低产田相近，但籽粒整齐度却明显差于低产田。在1996年大麦生长中期和后期，探索了啤酒大麦单粒重分布规律，试图通过比…     

啤酒大麦安全烘干温度的研究

试验研究了啤酒大麦适宜的干燥温度。以浙农大3号、浙农大7号啤酒大麦品种为材料,采用35℃、45℃、55℃3种温度进行模拟烘干试验,并对烘干后的种子进行生活力、发芽力、脱氢酶活性、电导率的测定。结果表明,啤酒大麦的干燥温度控制在45℃以下为好,既安全,干燥效率又高,而在55℃温度条件下,虽干燥效率高但对啤酒大麦的发芽力及种子活力有显著的影响,35℃干燥虽安全可靠,但其干燥效率低,所需时间太长。     

低温贮藏对茶籽发芽的影响

为了促进茶树种子的发芽和提高发芽的整齐度，作者将不同时期采收的茶籽进行冷藏处理，探讨低温贮藏对茶籽发芽的影响。     

啤酒大麦安全烘干温度的研究

试验研究了啤酒大麦适宜的干燥温度。以浙农大３号，浙农大７号啤酒大麦品种为材料，采用３５℃、４５℃、５５℃３种温度进行模拟烘干试验，并对烘干后的种子进行生活力，发芽力，脱氢酶活性，电导率的测定。结果表明，啤酒大麦的干燥温度控制在４５℃以下为好，既安全，干燥效率又高，而在５５℃温度条件下，虽干燥效率高但对啤酒大麦的发芽力及种子有显著的影响，３５℃干燥虽安全可靠，但其干燥效率低，所需时间太长。     

影响甘肃啤酒大麦品质的主要技术因素分析

啤酒大麦是酿造啤酒的主要原料。其酿造品质的严格要求,决定了啤酒大麦生产的相对特殊性。近年来,我省的啤酒大麦品质下降,主要表现为蛋白质含量上升,无水浸出物下降,发芽不整齐,发芽势降低,千粒重下降。这已引起各级政府与生产部门的高度重视。本文就影响我省啤酒大麦的主要技术因素作初步分析。1品种单一、缺少搭配品种、缺乏接班品种80年代初,我省开始引种啤酒大麦,先后引进了一些优良品种,如蒙克尔、莫特44、麦特B23、黑引端、BYDV22应用于生产,品种更新快,搭配品种多,无暇考虑其品种退化问题。1989年,当外引品种法瓦维…     

聚乙二醇(PEG)溶液浸种对烟草种子发芽整齐度的影响研究

[目的]研究不同浓度聚乙二醇(PEG)对不同品种烟草种子发芽整齐度的影响,获得最大的发芽整齐度。[方法]利用不同浓度的PEG溶液对几个烟草品种种子进行处理,以调查该物质对烟草种子萌发性的影响。[结果]结果表明,PEG对烟草种子萌发率无明显效应,对萌发集中性有促进作用;不同品种对不同PEG溶液浓度和不同浸种时间的反应不一致,这可能与品种的遗传特性有关。[结论]该研究结果对于培育整齐一致的烟苗具有一定的参考价值。     

晚茬大麦催芽机播技术

研究总结了啤酒大麦种子的发芽条件,大批量故意种用于机播的浸种催芽方法,推芽种子遇雨时的控芽技术及健芽种子的机播技术。     

晚茬大麦催芽机播技术

研究总结了啤酒大麦种子的发芽条件，大批量麦种用于机播的浸种催芽方法，催芽种子遇雨时的控芽技术及催芽种子的机播技术。     

转TrxS基因对啤酒大麦种子贮藏蛋白含量的影响

为探讨导入TrxS基因对大麦籽粒氮代谢的作用,以转TrxS基因啤酒大麦纯合株系为材料,分析了TrxS基因的导入对大麦籽粒蛋白酶活性、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量的影响.结果表明,转基因大麦籽粒的蛋白酶活性增加,发芽第3～5 d转基因大麦种子的蛋白酶活性分别比对照增加42.86%、19.35%和25.76%;发芽第2～4 d醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的降解平均比对照下降快5.92% 和7.10%.     

啤酒大麦麦芽品质性状的研究进展

综述了目前国内外啤酒大麦麦芽品质性状的研究进展。内容包括 :麦芽品质性状的遗传模型和遗传力、配合力 ,影响麦芽品质性状的因素 ,麦芽品质性状间的相关性和相对重要性 ,当前麦芽品质性状研究上的不足之处。     

施肥对啤酒大麦产量和品质的影响

施肥直接影响啤酒大麦的产量和品质。本研究通过对黑龙江省四种主要类型土壤养分和啤酒大麦需肥特点的分析，初步探明了氮、磷、钾与啤酒大麦产量和品质的关系，提出了控氮、增磷、钾补硫的施肥技术，并建立了四种类型土壤的啤酒大麦的合理施肥体系，从而使啤酒大麦的优良品种特性得以充分发挥，为黑龙江省啤酒大麦生产提供了科学的施肥依据。     

LTP is not a Cysteine Endoprotease Inhibitor in Barley Grains

Several different protease inhibitors have been identified in the mature barley grain, which are proposed to play a defensive role against potential barley pathogens. Cysteine protease inhibitors have been detected in mature grain and in the early stages of germination. The nature of these inhibitors has recently been investigated, and barley lipid transfer protein (LTP1) has been identified as an effective inhibitor of both cysteine and serine endoprotease activity expressed in germinating grain. We show that barley LTP1, in its native state, is not a cysteine protease inhibitor, but in a denatured state becomes a preferred substrate for the barley endoprotease EP-B and, as such, behaves as a competitive inhibitor for poorer substrates of EP-B. The presence of significant amounts of LTP1 in barley malt beer suggests that this very compact protein is highly resistant to proteolytic attack during malting and mashing and its denaturation during wort boiling coincides with inactivation of the malt endoproteases. Analysis of the cleavage products of denatured LTP1, generated by EP-B, provides further evidence for the cleavage site specificity of this barley cysteine endoprotease, where a hydrophobic residue in the P₂position is strongly preferred.     

大麦β 葡聚糖的提取及功能研究进展

大麦是世界上第四大禾谷类作物,其籽粒中的β-葡聚糖是重要的功效成分之一。本文综述了大麦籽粒β-葡聚糖的特性、含量变化和结构特征、提取方法和工艺,以及在大麦饲料、啤酒麦芽、饮料食品、保健医药中的功能研究进展。     

四川省攀西地区农业资源特征及啤酒大麦生长适应性分析

结合四川省攀西地区充足光热资源、独特的气候条件、丰富的土地资源且农业综合条件优越的实际及啤酒大麦近年在该地区的示范种植情况 ,对啤酒大麦的生长适应性进行了简要分析 ,结果表明 :以嘉陵三号为代表的啤麦新品种在攀西大面积种植 ,能够实现优质、高产、高效。“攀西”将成为我国又一啤麦生产基地     

施钾对河西绿洲灌区啤酒大麦产量和品质的影响

为给优质啤酒大麦生产中合理施用钾肥提供依据,研究了施钾对河西绿洲灌区啤酒大麦产量和品质的影响,并对其经济效益进行了分析。结果表明,在固定氮磷和平衡微量元素的情况下,施用一定量的钾肥能显著提高该地区啤酒大麦的产量和经济效益,当施K2O 150 kg/ha时,啤酒大麦的产量和纯收入最高,分别为6 067 kg/ha和5 796元/ha,较对照增产24.1%,增收1 271元/ha。一定量的钾肥能显著提高啤酒大麦的粗蛋白含量,但对千粒重的提高不显著。     

糯大麦与非糯大麦种子萌发和胚乳消亡的比较研究

为探明糯大麦与非糯大麦种子萌发和胚乳消亡的差异,以典型糯大麦品种白青稞和甘垦5号以及非糯大麦品种扬农啤10号和苏裸麦1号为材料,采用组织化学染色、树脂半薄切片和光学显微镜观察等方法,研究了糯大麦与非糯大麦胚乳的消亡和淀粉体形态变化。结果表明,在种子萌发过程中,糯大麦种子萌发较好,发芽率较高;糯大麦和非糯大麦颖果胚乳的消亡过程基本相同,呈现出一定的时序性,均是从近胚端的腹部开始消耗,逐渐延伸至背部,最后沿腹沟延伸至远胚端;在大麦种子萌发过程中,近糊粉层中淀粉体最先消亡,小淀粉体早于大淀粉体被消耗;与非糯大麦相比,糯大麦胚乳淀粉体的消亡时间较早、消亡速率较快。概言之,糯大麦与非糯大麦种子萌发过程中胚乳的消亡规律基本相同,但糯大麦种子萌发好,胚乳消亡快。     

Effect of hydrogen peroxide and ozone treatment on improving the malting quality

The effect of hydrogen peroxide (HP) and ozone (O₃) treatment during barley steeping on the quality of malt produced from two barley varieties (GrangeR and AC Metcalfe) by micro-malting was investigated. The two steeping oxidation treatments that was observed to promote barley acrospire growth. Ozone treatment improved the malt enzyme activity of endo-protease, α-amylase, free beta-amylase and total limit dextrinase to differing extents, with GrangeR improving to a greater degree. HP treatment contributed to the increase of α-amylase, β-glucanase and endo-protease. Surprisingly, HP or ozone oxidation during malting resulted in different and novel outcomes for total beta-amylase in GrangeR and AC Metcalfe. In GrangeR, total beta-amylase activity reduced with respect to the control in both treatments. In comparison with AC Metcalfe there was a substantial increase of 78% with HP and 90% O₃ in total beta-amylase activity. Malt quality including wort free amino nitrogen, β-glucan, turbidity and diastatic power was differentially increased by the oxidation induction treatment during steeping in malting. Gene expression analysis indicated that the effects of the steep oxidation treatments on enzyme and malt quality were putatively linked with the up-regulation of certain genes involved in GA synthesis (GA20ox1) and ABA catabolism (ABA8′OH). Barley grain germination assay results also showed that moderate HP induction could improve barley germination tolerance to the ABA effect. Malting including steep oxidation induction was shown to be beneficial to malt quality by improving the resultant wort quality and the efficiency of the beer brewing process. These observations point the way towards improving malt quality and the efficiency of the malting process.     

The heterotoxicity of Hordeum vulgare L. extracts in four growth stages on germination and seedlings growth of Avena ludoviciana

Phytotoxicity of barley extracts (Hordeum vulgare L.) on wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu) was investigated. Water extracts five varieties of barley were bioassayed on germination and seedling growth of wild-oat to test the heterotoxicity of barley on wild-oat, study the dynamics of allelopathic potential over four growth stages and identify the most allelopathic plant part of barley in each stage. Whole barley plants were extracted at growth stage 4 (stems not developed enough), whilst for the following growth stages roots, stems, panicles and leaves were extracted separately. Seedling growth bioassays demonstrated that the wild-oat responded differently to the allelopathic potential of barley. For wild-oat radical growth and coleoptile growth were more depressed than germination, though. The allelopathic potential of barley plant parts was not stable over its life cycle for wild-oat. Leaves and stems were the most phytotoxic barley plant parts for wild-oat in the all stages. Among the varieties Eizeh appeared as the best one showing toxicity to seed germination of wild oat at its stage 4 and 8. Results suggested that the response by wild-oat varied depending on the source of allelochemicals (plant part) and the growth stage of the barley plant and kind of variety. The results leaded to conclude that Eizeh variety of barley was good to grow as it has good check on seed germination of wild oat plants as well as it also retarded the growth of root and shoot length of oat.