杂交中稻新组合在桃源的引种试验

2010年在桃源对准两优608、谷优明占、广占63S/1128、Y两优25等4个新组合进行了引种试验示范,结果表明准两优608和谷优明占表现抗高温和耐低温,较抗稻瘟病,产量较高,在山、丘、平区种植均较适宜,在桃源县可以作为主推组合种植;广占63S/1128生育期偏长,且两段灌浆明显,秕粒多,需继续示范;停止示范Y两优25。     

两系杂交稻两优培九特征特性及高产栽培技术要点

培矮 6 4S与扬稻 6号配组杂交而成的两优培九试验、示范结果 ,说明该组合品种适应性广 ,抗逆性强 ,高产优质。在适宜汕优 6 3种植的稻区均可种植 ;抗倒伏能力强 ,试验中 ,8月下旬遇 7级大风而不倒 ;在合理密植 ,基本苗 75～ 12 0万株 /hm2 ,配合其他管理措施条件下 ,公顷产量可达1150 0kg。     

高产优质多抗玉米新品种鄂玉17的选育及栽培技术

鄂玉17是湖北省恩施州天池山农科所1998年冬在海南配制的玉米三交种,组合为(18611×4824)×Y8G61-512.该品种需≥10℃积温2760℃·d,属中晚熟玉米品种.各级试验示范结果表明:鄂玉17比选育地现有主推玉米品种增产3%～20%,具有增产潜力大、品质优、抗多种病害和适应性强的特点.该品种适宜在湖北省二高山区、低山区及武陵山区适应区种植,单作密度为每公顷5.25万～6.00万株,套作密度为每公顷4.20万～4.80万株.该品种制种产量高,制种父母本行比为1:6。     

优质杂交早稻新组合岳优108

岳优108是岳阳市农业科学研究所、湖南洞庭种业有限公司选育的早籼迟熟杂交水稻新组合,于2007年12月通过江西省农作物品种审定.在江西省区试中平均产量6.85 t/hm2,大面积示范产量7.50 t/hm2左右.该组合繁茂性好,分蘖力强,米质好,米饭亮泽,适口性好.适宜在江西、湖南等省作早稻种植.     

浙江省7个大麦新品种性状和适应性比较

选育丰产、抗倒、抗病、适宜当地种植的大麦新品种是大麦种植示范和推广的先决条件。本试验选用来源于浙江省3家育种单位的7个大麦新品种,在8个县(市)进行产量和适应性试验,同时对参试品种进行赤霉病和条纹病抗性鉴定。结果显示:浙11-056产量位居第一,比对照花30增产7.0%,在所有试验点均表现增产,其整齐度好、抗倒伏、抗赤霉病和条纹病。因此,浙11-056可在浙江省大面积示范推广。     

优质杂交水稻B优827在麻阳种植表现及高产栽培技术

B优827是西南科技大学水稻研究所选育的三系杂交中籼稻组合,在湖南麻阳作中稻试验示范种植,表现产量高,适应性广,抗病和抗逆性强。介绍了该组合试验示范种植表现及高产栽培技术要点。     

优质杂交晚稻新组合岳优9264

岳优9264是岳阳市农业科学研究所、湖南洞庭种业有限公司选育的中熟晚籼杂交水稻新组合,于2009年3月通过湖南省农作物品种审定.在湖南省优质稻区试中平均产量7.34 t/hm~2,高于对照,大面积示范产量8.25 t/hm~2左右.该组合株叶型较好,生长势强,穗形较大,米质优,适宜在中国南方稻区作双季晚稻种植.     

三七综合栽培技术试验示范

三七综合栽培技术是在常规种植三七的基础上应用一些新技术、新措施来规范其栽培的一种方式。为探索这种方式对栽培三七的适应性 ,先后在不同地区类型进行了试验示范。通过 3年的试验示范 ,这种方式栽培 ,不仅提高了三七的产量和内在质量 ,而且还降低种植成本 ,通过试验示范初步摸索出一套三七规范化栽培技术 ,为三七规范化栽培 (GAP)奠定了基础 ,现已在三七产区进行大面积推广应用。1　材料与方法1 .1　试验示范点的布局根据课题要求和结合产区三七生产实际 ,试验示范主要安排在主产三七的文山、砚山以、马关三个县 ,种植三七最适宜地区…     

大穗玉米新杂交种安玉12号选育及推广

安玉12号(安4201)由河南省安阳市农业科学研究所1998年育成,组合是420×A41。该杂交种属中熟类型,适宜种植密度45000～52500株/hm2。需≥10℃积温2500℃左右,1998～2002年在各地、各级的试验和示范中表现高产、稳产、优质、多抗。2002年3月通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。目前正在加速示范推广。     

杂交早稻新组合金优938的选育

金优938是湖南省岳阳市农业科学研究所、湖南洞庭种业有限公司选育的迟熟早籼三系杂交新组合，在湖南省区试中平均产量7．77t／hm^2，大面积示范产量7．90t／hm^2左右。该组合株型适中，分蘖力强，丰产性好，熟期适中，适宜在湖南、江西等省作早稻种植。介绍了金优938的选育经过、主要特征特性、栽培和制种技术要点。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.