我国常规水稻品种选育与推广分析

根据1991～2008年国家和省级水稻品种区域试验、审定及推广情况统计资料,分析了我国常规水稻品种审定、主要性状表现和推广应用情况,表明我国常规水稻品种选育与推广呈现籼型相对弱化、粳型稳步发展的趋势。提出加强常规水稻品种选育与推广的建议。     

水稻耐低钾胁迫研究进展

土壤中钾素的缺乏是制约水稻高产的主要因素之一。选育耐低钾水稻品种是解决这一问题最有效的方法。文章综述了水稻对低钾胁迫的适应机制以及相关性状的QTL定位,以期为水稻耐低钾研究及超高产水稻品种的选育提供参考。     

水稻最适叶面积指数和总颖花数的品种差异

以淮北地区不同历史年代的水稻品种为试验材料,研究叶面积和颖花量与品种产量能力进展的关系。结果指出:随品种最适叶面积指数和适宜总颖花量的增加,水稻品种的产量能力明显提高。因此确认高产品种选育应以增加最适叶面积指数和颖花量并适当减少穗数,应用半矮秆基因为途径。本文根据试验资料提出了目前淮北主要水稻品种的适宜群体指标,为良种选育和高产栽培提供依据。     

太湖地区水稻地方品种品质性状多样性研究进展

太湖地区种稻历史悠久,积累了丰富的水稻地方品种资源,水稻地方品种的遗传多样性研究可为优质资源的保护利用以及选育新品种提供一些参考。本文从遗传多样性的概念、研究方法、太湖地区水稻地方品种品质性状多样性研究进展等方面进行了综述,总结了太湖流域水稻地方品种资源的相关利用价值。     

2001—2012年上海市水稻品种审定及推广现状分析

水稻品种是水稻产量、抗性、品质的基础，审定和推广优良水稻品种对发展水稻生产具有重要的推动作用。本文分析了2001—2012年上海市水稻品种的审定及推广情况，以期为上海市优良水稻新品种的选育、引进、审定及推广应用提供参考。     

近5年重庆市审定和推广的水稻品种分析

对重庆市审定和推广水稻品种的选育模式、品种成分、类型等方面进行了分析,并就今后的水稻育种工作提出了若干建议,以期为重庆市水稻研究提供有益的参考。     

中国两系杂交水稻选育与应用进展

根据1994-2007年国家和省级水稻品种区域试验、审定及推广情况统计资料,分析了中国两系杂交水稻组合审定、不育系选育、主要性状表现和推广应用情况,表明中国两系杂交水稻选育与应用取得了显著进展.     

越南水稻品种资源分类及其利用状况

通过2000-2001年水稻品种资源调查,越南现有水稻品种676个,年种植面积583.73万hm2.越南水稻品种资源可分为国内选育品种、国外引进品种、地方品种3大类,前2类品种又分为已通过国家审定注册和未审定注册2种.国内选育的水稻品种370个,年种植面积255.54万hm2,其中已审定注册的品种为74个,年种植面积188.75万hm2;国外引进水稻品种119个,年种植287.67万hm2,其中已审定注册的水稻品种19个,年种植面积192.35万hm2;地方品种187个,年种植面积40.52万hm2.     

水稻耐盐育种研究进展

培育耐盐水稻品种是盐碱地的粮食作物增产和对盐碱地改良的重要途径之一。水稻对盐胁迫中度敏感,其耐(敏)盐性状是受多基因控制的数量性状,易受环境条件等因素影响。到2015年,利用AFLP、RFLP、SSR等分子标记手段在水稻12条染色体上定位的耐盐QTL已有250多个,其中以第1、2、6和7染色体上居多,但克隆的水稻耐盐基因相对较少。水稻耐盐品种的选育现仍以常规育种为主,即主要通过筛选耐盐种质及耐盐鉴定,再利用杂交和回交等方法将耐盐基因导入到优良水稻品种中,从而选育出综合性状优良的耐盐品种。本文阐述了国内外水稻种质耐盐性鉴定技术和指标、耐盐种质筛选、耐盐品种选育以及耐盐性的遗传及分子机理等研究进展,并对今后水稻耐盐育种研究工作提出了展望与建议。     

盐胁迫对水稻的影响及水稻耐盐育种研究

盐胁迫是盐渍化地区水稻生产的主要制约因素之一。盐胁迫对水稻的形态发育及生理生化代谢产生不利影响,其作用机理主要表现在渗透胁迫和离子毒害等。耐盐水稻品种的选育方法主要是筛选耐盐材料,将常规选育和转基因、分子标记辅助选择等现代生物技术相结合,选育耐盐性强且具有实用价值的品种。     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.