威优111高产制种技术总结

根据威优 111(V2 0A×y11-1)在 12hm2 面积上产种子 4.15t hm2 的制种实践 ,总结了其高产制种技术。     

杂交早稻新组合威优四九栽培评述

威优四九是我省安江农校1983年用V_(20)A×测64—49选育定型的杂交水稻新组合。该组合父本测64—49是从测64父本中选择的早熟优良株,经过多代分对测交和系选而育成,因而威优四九基本上保持了威优六四的性状,而且还具有熟期比威优六四早、植株比威优六四矮、千粒重大、父本恢复力强等优良性状,较好地解决了多穗和大穗、粒重和结实率的矛盾,日产量和产量都较高,是我省目前较理想的杂交早稻新组合。     

杂交水稻新组合—威优647

威优647,父本647是从籼粳复式杂交组合[G733(粳)//矮黄米//测64-7]B1F1/IR2035中通过多代系造而育成。与V20A等不育系测交配组表现优势强,结实率高,生育期适中等优点。从1987年开始连续5年7次参加省联合鉴定、省区试和全国区试,获5次第1名,2次第2名,比威优64、威优6号、威优46等3个对照都不同程度增产,特别是米饭食味极佳。1　品比联鉴区试结果 1987年安江农校晚稻3次重复正规品比,获参试12个组合第1位,比对照威优64增产4.9%;1988年在湖南省杂交晚稻联合鉴定中,获参试迟熟组11个组合第1名,比对照威优6号亩增35.3kg,增产8.6%;1989年因参加…     

杂交早稻几个优良组合米质测定结果初报

我们根据1983年7月在南岳召开的“南方稻区双季杂交早稻评议会议纪要”精神,测定了南方稻区双季杂交早稻5个优良组合和用这些组合作连晚栽培的米质。这些组合是湖南培育的威优35、威优64、威优98、威优16(威优17的姐妹系)和广西培育的汕优6161—8。测定结果如下表:     

南方稻区晚籼中迟熟品种区试初报

20 0 0年晚季莆田市接受全国南方稻区水稻品种区试任务 ,对 10个中迟熟晚籼新品种进行比较试验 ,初步选出协优 963、协优 962、新优 2 0 8和威优 111等 4个综合表现较为理想的组合 ,为今后进一步生产试验提供参考。1　材料与方法1 1　试验材料　区试在莆田县良种繁育场的省引种观察圃中进行 ,位于东经 119°0 0′ ,北纬 2 5°2 6′ ,海拔 10 2ｍ ,乌埭田 ,排灌方便。供试品种有协优963、特优Ｄ2 、 80 3Ａ/ 2 0 4 0、新优 2 0 8、协优 962、中鉴 99 32 2、协优 982、Ⅱ优 15、Ｄ优 4 4 8、威优 111等 10个品种 ,以汕优 4 6为对照。1 2　试…     

杂交早籼-威优77

威优77系福建省三明市农科所育成的杂交早稻新组合,其恢复系明恢77是用明恢63与测64杂交选育而成。1989年早季参加省、市早杂优组区试,省区试18个点平均亩产454.4公斤,居9个参试组合首位,比对照威优64增产4.06;市区试11个点平均亩产470.85公斤,居9个参试组合首位,比对照威优63增产13.31%,增产达极显著. 该组合在福建省作早稻种植全生育期125天左右,与威优64相同.株高90～100厘米,穗长21.60厘米,分蘖力强,亩有效穗18～20万。大穗大粒,每穗总粒数120～125粒,千粒重28.5克,结实率80%以上。根系发地望秆粗壮,耐肥抗倒,抽穗整齐、苗期较耐寒。后…     

道县杂交早晚稻接班组合的灰色关联度分析与评估

对１９９７年道县早晚稻杂交组合品种比较试验资料试用灰色关联度分析,作出综合评估。结果表明：杂交早稻组合以Ｉ优辐２６综合性状最好,威优４０２、金优辐２６次之,Ｉ优０１最差;杂交晚稻以威优６４７综合性状最好,金优７７、威优６４次之,汕优４４８０和汕优晚３较差。评价结果与各组合在大田生产应用中表现基本一致。     

不同氮肥水平下杂交晚稻产量和氮素吸收利用效率的比较与评价

在3种不同氮水平条件下,比较了6个不同杂交晚稻品种氮肥的吸收和利用效率的差异。结果表明,丰优358、威优46在3种氮肥水平下均有相对较高的产量,说明其耐低氮能力强,氮肥吸收利用效率较高,具有较广的氮肥适应性。     

威优6号

威优６号（Ｖ２０Ａ／ＩＲ２６）由湖南省贺家山原种场于１９７５年选配。１９７７～１９７９年在全国杂交稻区试中亩产达４５５．６ｋｇ。全国各稻作区均有推广种植，主要分布在湘、鄂、闽等省。１９８２年种植面积为１５９０万亩，１９８５年为１７６５万亩。历年累计种植面积达２．１亿亩以上。该组合的最大特点是适应性强．耐肥抗倒，较抗白叶枯病和稻飞虱。感温性强，感光性中等，穗大粒多，千粒重大（２９ｇ）。作中稻生育期１３５～１４０天，作双晚１２５天。威优6号     

秋制威优35亩产过200公斤的技术经验

威优35是一个制种产量长期上不去的组合,所以种子年年供不应求,严重影响这一具有强优势的组合大面积推广应用。湘潭县从1982年起,亩产在100公斤左右徘徊了四年,1986年才过150公斤。威优35制种产量低的原因:一是父本分荣节位高,分蘖力弱,有效穗少,花粉量不足;二是父本抽穗缓慢,抽穗历期拉得长,开花不集中,花粉密度小,特别是抽穗的高峰期迟于母本的抽穗高峰期,花期严重脱节,花粉浪费大,利用率低;三是花时不遇,据近几年观察,威优35制种在高温高湿或低温高湿的天气,父本每天开花的时间均比母本早1～2小时,只有在高温低湿气候条件,母本开花提早,…     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.