遮荫处理对"保靖黄金茶1号"茶树春梢生化成分的影响研究

以保靖黄金茶1号茶树品种为试验对象,研究遮荫处理对其春梢生化成分的影响.结果表明,遮荫处理能提高遮荫前期保靖黄金茶春梢中游离氨基酸含量,对遮荫后期则影响不明显;遮荫能够降低茶多酚的含量与酚氨比,其中双层黑色遮荫处理,茶多酚的含量为23.46% ~ 26.65%,酚氨比为4.20 ~ 7.94;在提高保靖黄金茶1号绿茶品质中,双层黑色遮荫处理的效果优于单层黑色遮荫网处理.     

湖北引种黄金茶1号主要生化特性及绿茶适制性分析

以湖北茶区主栽品种鄂茶1号为对照,研究引种的茶树品种黄金茶1号鲜叶以及春梢所制绿茶的主要生化成分含量变化,并进行感官审评.结果表明,黄金茶1号春梢鲜叶氨基酸、咖啡碱显著高于对照,而水浸出物、茶多酚、儿茶素、酚氨比低于对照;夏、秋梢鲜叶内含物质丰富,各生化成分含量相对高于春梢.春梢所制绿茶水浸出物、茶多酚、儿茶素、酚氨比低于对照,茶氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸以及氨基酸总量高于对照;共检测出香气成分37种,各香气类别、组分所占比例均与鄂茶1号有明显差异;感官审评表明,黄金茶1号所制绿茶苦涩味低、嫩香浓郁、滋味鲜醇淡爽,品质优于鄂茶1号.     

两类绿茶及其超微茶粉主要生化成分的研究

将炒青和蒸青绿茶，分别粉碎成80目和300目粉末，测定茶及其茶粉的主要生化成分的含量，结果表明：蒸青绿茶的叶绿素与可溶性糖含量较高，而炒青绿茶的茶多酚，氨基酸含量较高，另外，炒青绿茶的酚氮比值也较高，茶叶在粉碎过程中含水量下降，其他生化成分的测定值略有上升。     

夏秋季茶园覆盖遮荫比较试验

夏秋季茶园采用黑色尼龙遮阳网遮荫与不遮荫对照相比,茶多酚含量明显降低,而氨基酸含量增加,酚氨比值下降,叶绿素含量增加。选用40％、50%、65％、75％遮光度的遮荫比较试验,叶绿素含量基本上是随遮光度增加而呈上升的趋势;茶多酚含量以75％遮光度下降较多,氨基酸含量以50％遮光度增加较多,酚氨比值以75％遮光度最低,其次为50％遮光度。     

不同光质摊青对夏秋茶树鲜叶挥发性物质及其绿茶品质影响研究

香气粗老是影响夏秋绿茶品质的重要因素。为提高夏秋绿茶品质,以福鼎大白茶为研究对象,以自然摊青为对照,采用红光、黄光、蓝光和紫光对离体鲜叶进行辐照,通过顶空固相微萃取-气质联用技术（HS-SPME-GC-MS）检测摊青叶挥发性成分,使用层次聚类（HCA）、主成分分析（PCA）和偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）等分析方法,探究促进茶叶花果香形成的最适光质及关键物质。结果显示,不同光质对挥发性物质种类、含量具有显著影响;从5个样品中共鉴定出36种挥发性物质,其中醇类与萜烯类物质种类最多,酯类和醇类化合物平均含量较高;红光是促进茶叶花香物质形成的最佳光质,3-蒈烯、β-月桂烯、苯乙醇等物质是茶叶花香形成的关键物质;4种光质均能显著降低茶多酚含量,显著增加游离氨基酸和咖啡碱含量,降低酚氨比。感官审评结果显示,与对照组相比,4种光质辐照后的茶叶香气清爽、滋味鲜爽,其中红光辐照的茶叶感官评分最高。研究表明,红光辐照夏秋茶离体鲜叶能够增加茶叶香气物质的种类和含量,显著提高花果香形成的关键物质,增加茶汤鲜爽味。     

早生茶树新品种黔茶8号

黔茶8号是以在昆明中叶群体种茶园中发现的优异单株为育种材料,经系统选种、无性繁殖育成的绿茶新品种。多年的品系比较和区域试验表明,该品种春季发芽早,比福鼎大白茶提早5~8 d,芽叶肥壮,分枝密,产量与福鼎大白茶相当;内含成分丰富,春季一芽二叶蒸青样含水浸出物43.8%,茶多酚16.7%,咖啡碱3.4%,游离氨基酸4.9%,酚氨比较福鼎大白茶低;适制显毫类绿茶,制茶品质优良,香气高有花香。抗性较强,适合在贵州、湖北、广东、广西及相似地区栽培种植。     

对茶树早期鉴定品质指标和酚氨比的一点看法

什么是优质绿茶品种?一般以酚氨比和儿茶素品质指标来判断,笔者认为有些值得商榷的地方。一、关于酚氨比绿茶品种强调醇鲜浓的品质生化成份,在绿茶滋味化学鉴定法中,用茶多酚、氨基酸及其比值,作为浓度、鲜度、醇度的评分,由此看出多酚类与氨基酸对绿茶品质的     

茶树品种、加工工艺、季节对乌龙茶品质影响的研究

研究了茶树品种、加工工艺和季节对乌龙茶品质的影响,结果表明：鲜叶中醇系香气总量有明显的季节性差异,游离态为春季>夏季>秋季,键合态为春季>秋季>夏季;加工过程中,游离态和键合态醇系香气成分呈现不同的动态变化趋势;茶多酚逐渐减少,游离氨基酸含量先增后减,可溶性糖则与氨基酸相反。对干茶样进行感官审评,春茶后期和夏茶前期槠叶种重做青所制茶样具有明显的乌龙茶品质特征。     

大叶种绿茶摊青技术探讨

通过对大种绿茶鲜叶的不同摊青时间和方法处理．进行样品生化分析和毛茶感官审评，结果表明：摊青过程鲜叶中的多酚类、儿茶素(尤其酯型儿茶素)含量逐步减少，氨基酸、水溶性糖含量明显增加，酚氨比值下降，经摊青处理的绿毛茶茶汤醇度、鲜爽味和香气均明显提高，说明摊青有助干改善大叶种绿茶品质．但摊青需适度，过度摊青反而降低制茶品质。摊青适宜的时间是6—10小时，含水量71—73％，宜采用萎凋措自然摊放。     

庐山云雾茶新品种——庐云2号

庐云2号是从庐山当地群体种中采用系统选育方法育成的、适制庐山云雾茶的新品种。庐云2号属早生种,产量高。制成的庐山云雾茶香气清香,滋味尚浓醇。内含物质丰富,春季一芽二叶水浸出物含量为48.7%、茶多酚含量20.8%、氨基酸含量3.6%、咖啡碱含量3.3%、酚氨比为5.8。抗寒性强,对茶炭疽病为抗(R)、茶小绿叶蝉为高感(HS)。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。