咸宁苎麻产业形势与发展对策

本文阐述了咸宁苎麻产业经营的现状 ,发展的有利条件 ,制约因素和进一步发展苎麻产业的构思 ,以及实现这一构思采取的几项举措 :扩大生产规模 ;加强优质原料基地及龙头企业的建设 ;提高品牌档次 ,促进工业带动农业 ,集科、工、农、贸为一体 ,走产业经营的发展道路     

咸宁苎麻产业形势与发展对策

本文阐述了咸宁苎麻产业经营的现状，发展的有利条件，制约因素和进一步发展苎麻产业的构思，以及实现这一构思采取的几项举措；扩大生产规模；加强优质原料基地及龙头企业的建设；提高品牌档次，促进工业带动农业，集科，工，农，贸为一体，走产业经营的发展道路。     

江西省苎麻产业化经营发展的探讨

本文总结了江西苎麻产业化经营的现状、发展的有利条件,制约因素,进一步发展苎麻产业化经营的构思,扩大生产规模,加强原料基地、龙头企业的建设,提高品牌档次,促进工业带动农业,集科、工、农、贸为一体,走农业产业化经营的发展路子,以及实现这一构思,须采取的几项举措。     

江西省苎林产业化经营发展的探讨

本文总结了江西苎麻产业化经营的现状、发展的有利条件，制约因素，进一步发展苎麻产业化经营的构思，扩大生产规模，加强原料基地、龙头企业的建设，提高品牌档次、促进工业带动农业，集科、工、农、贸为一体，走农业产业化经营的发展路子，以及实现这一构思，须采取的几项举措。     

浅谈四川苎麻产业的优势、前景与发展思路

本文从生态环境、创新实力、生产规模、原麻加工和社会环境等方面分析了四川苎麻产业发展的优势;而苎麻纤维的独特性、苎麻产物的多用途、苎麻生产的轻简化、原麻的耐贮性和种植苎麻的生态效益等特点,使苎麻成为发展潜力较大的朝阳产业;在总结我国苎麻产业发展经验,结合四川苎麻产业发展现状,提出了四川苎麻产业持续稳定发展的新思路.     

湖南苎麻生产的优势及持续发展对策

湖南苎麻的种植规模、原麻产量、纺织工业和科研力量在中国乃至全世界都占有绝对优势地位.苎麻生产历史悠久,环境条件优越,产业基础良好,当前正面临难得的发展机遇,只要充分发挥各级政府的职能作用,大力扶持基地建设,整合优势资源,坚持科技创新,全力抓好科学化规划,设施化生产,集约化经营,培育龙头企业,实施品牌战略,就一定能够攻克制约产业发展的瓶颈,打造百亿湘麻产业,有力地推动苎麻产业全面协调可持续发展.     

突破苎麻发展瓶颈,发展苎麻产业经济

综合分析了湖南苎麻产业的发展潜力和目前存在的主要问题,提出了苎麻产业经济的概念及发展苎麻产业经济的措施,对湖南及全国苎麻产业的发展具有指导意义。     

论达州市苎麻产业化现状及其发展趋势

四川省达州市苎麻种植历史悠久.目前种植面积达2万公顷.且优良品种多达9个,纤维支数均在1800支以上.麻纺工业发展较快,麻纺产品以外销为主.但布局不合理,原麻质量滞后;麻纺设备相对陈旧,生产工业落后.实现苎麻产业化的措施是引进优良品种,建设高支良种繁育体系;实行规模种植,建设丰产麻园;推广科学技术,提升产品品质,增加经济效益;引进麻纺新设备,实行精深加工,努力开拓市场,创出名牌;创新体制,实行化经营;加大政策扶持,确保苎麻产业健康发展.     

迅速崛起的汉寿苎麻产业

苎麻是汉寿县传统经济作物,本文通过回顾汉寿县百年苎麻产业发展历史,总结近年来汉寿苎麻产业迅速崛起的成功经验,对今后苎麻发展提出了具体目标和发展方向。     

迅速崛起的汉寿苎麻产业

苎麻是汉寿县传统经济作物,本文通过回顾汉寿县百年苎麻产业发展历史,总结近年来汉寿苎麻产业迅速崛起的成功经验,对今后苎麻发展提出了具体目标和发展方向.     

亚麻优异种质创新利用及发展

亚麻种质创新工作采用外源总体DNA导入,Co60-γ射线处理种子、植株以及利用雄性核不育材料进入转育等方法创造新类型、新材料,提供给育种家,培育出一批优异亚麻新品种,促进了亚麻生产的飞速发展.随着新的生物技术和信息技术的突破,对今后种质创新工作进行展望.     

稻田土壤杂草种子库研究

对江苏省仪征市连年稻麦两熟轮作稻田土壤杂草种子库中杂草种类进行了考查。结果表明, 有11 科22 种杂草的种子主要分布在0～10 cm 土层内。同时, 阐述了土壤种子库杂草种子的来源, 因水分、湿度、光照等自然因素和耕作、人工除草等人为因素, 杂草种子本身的完熟度等综合因素造成了土壤杂草种子库中杂草种子活力的损失与累积, 以及杂草种子萌发与土层深度、水分等的关系, 初步探明了水旱轮作对稻田土壤杂草种子库的影响, 提出了减少杂草种子库种源的对策。     

大豆DNA扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)研究

本文研究ＡＦＬＰ技术在大豆上的应用,在改进大豆种子ＤＮＡ提取方法的基础上,比较同位素与银染检测方法的效果,筛选适宜大于大豆ＡＦＬＰ分析的酶切和引物组合,从而建立了适用于大豆指纹图谱快速鉴定的ＡＦＬＰ操作程序,并对我国野生大豆和栽培大豆代表性材料进行了ＡＦＬＰ分析。     

R5期遮荫对大豆植株体内源激素和酶活性的影响

在Ｒ５期利用人为每天遮荫８小时,连续遮荫１０天,研究了遮荫对生殖生长期大豆叶片蔗糖合成酶（ＳＳ）,蔗糖磷酸合成酶（ＳＰＳ）,谷氨酸合成酶（ＧＳ）活性及叶片和子粒中的四种内源激素含量的影响,结果表明：遮荫明显增加叶片的三种酶活性,提高子粒中ｉＰＡ,ＧＡ和ＡＢＡ的含量,改变叶片中ＧＡ,ｉＰＡ和ＩＡＡ的积累方式。认为酶活性及内源激素的变化是大豆忍耐遮荫不良环境积极生理反应,有助于减少产量和品质损失。     

水稻植株防御白背飞虱为害的某些生理反应

 以对白背飞虱具有不同抗性水平的水稻品种(组合) 为材料, 研究了水稻在白背飞虱为害后稻株体内的生理变化。结果表明, 稻株受害后, 感虫品种(TN1和汕优63) 光合作用速率和叶绿素含量下降比抗虫品种(N 22) 明显; 感虫品种超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) 活性增加, 过氧化物酶(POD) 和过氧化氢酶(CAT) 活性下降, 而抗虫品种POD 和SOD 均增加, CAT减少;感虫品种除丙氨酸含量下降外, 其他氨基酸含量均上升, 尤其是天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸及蛋氨酸等含量增加很快, 抗虫品种中天门冬氨酸、缬氨酸等含量增加也很快, 但苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、丙氨酸的含量显著下降。     

水稻田表水磷素的动态特征及其潜在环境效应的研究

通过独立排灌式磷肥大田试验探讨了水稻田表水磷素的动态特征及其潜在的环境效应。研究发现, 施入磷肥增加了田表水磷素水平, 首次水样总磷水平为0.201～ 1.301 mg/kg, 溶解磷水平为0.058～ 0.926 mg/kg; 在等量施磷的条件下, 与单施无机磷肥比较, 有机无机磷配施能显著地提高田表水磷素水平; 在首次采样的一周之内, 两者总磷水平相差达3.85～1.89 倍, 但随着时间的推移, 因施磷结构的不同导致田表水磷素水平的差异逐渐缩小并趋于一致。任一次田间排水都存在诱发附近水域水体富营养化的可能。从减少磷素流失的角度出发, 在施磷灌水后约一周之内或田间耘田时, 田间排水磷素流失潜能增大, 另外, 还要避免在雨水集中的季节施用磷肥。     

设施农业产业集群模式创新与实践——以河北邢台为例

为了适应经济发展新常态,切实贯彻落实中共中央加强农业供给侧结构性改革,加快引领我国现代农业及设施农业发展,助力京津冀协同战略发展,河北省邢台市立足本地优越的设施产业立地条件和良好的工业能源基础,打造我国首个设施农业产业集群,创新了“设施农业嘉年华+设施生产集群+设施农用工业集群”模式,联结设施农业的一产和三产功能,以休闲旅游引爆产品销售,带动产品生产,促进河北省现代农业转型升级。     

Colorimetric Analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hibiscus</Emphasis> Beverages and their Potential Antioxidant Properties

In food industry, roselle beverages and their subproducts could be functional ingredients since they are an excellent source of bioactive compounds with improved performance due to their important anthocyanins content. The aim of this study was to analyze anthocyanin content and antioxidant properties of aqueous infusions elaborated with color contrasting Hibiscus materials and design a mathematical model in order to predict color-composition relationship. Color measurements of beverages from roselle (Negra, Sudan and Rosa) were made by transmission spectrophotometry, anthocyanins quantification was determined by HPLC, and antioxidant potential was evaluated by in vitro methods (ABTS and FRAP assays). Beverages prepared with particle size minor of 250 μm presented until 4- and 2- times more anthocyanins content and antioxidant capacity respectively, in comparison to beverages prepared with powders with particle size major of 750 μm. Positive correlations among pigments composition and color parameters were found (p?<?0.05), showing that anthocyanins content, antioxidant capacity, C*_ab and h_ab values increased in relation with the smallest particle size of flours. Also, mathematical models were stablished to predict anthocyanin content (r?≥?0.97) and antioxidant capacity (r?≥?0.89) from color data; we propose equations for quick estimation of the antioxidant capacity in the Hibiscus beverages with high anthocyanin content. The obtained models could be an important tool to be used in food industry for pigment characterization or functional compounds with potential health benefits.     

Flower strip networks offer promising long term effects on pollinator species richness in intensively cultivated agricultural areas

Background

Intensively cultivated agricultural landscapes often suffer from substantial pollinator losses, which may be leading to decreasing pollination services for crops and wild flowering plants. Conservation measures that are easy to implement and accepted by farmers are needed to halt a further loss of pollinators in large areas under intensive agricultural management. Here we report the results of a replicated long-term study involving networks of mostly perennial flower strips covering 10% of a conventionally managed agricultural landscape in southwestern Germany.

Results

We demonstrate the considerable success of these measures for wild bee and butterfly species richness over an observation period of 5 years. Overall species richness of bees and butterflies but also the numbers of specialist bee species clearly increased in the ecological enhancement areas as compared to the control areas without ecological enhancement measures. A three to five-fold increase in species richness was found after more than 2 years of enhancement of the areas with flower strips. Oligolectic bee species increased significantly only after the third year.

Conclusions

In our long-term field experiment we used a large variety of seed mixtures and temporal variation in seeding time, ensured continuity of the flower-strips by using perennial seed mixtures and distributed the measures over c. 10% of the landscape. This led to an increase in pollinator abundance, suggesting that these measures may be instrumental for the successful support of pollinators. These measures may ensure the availability of a network of diverse habitats and foraging resources for pollinators throughout the year, as well as nesting sites for many species. The measures are applied in-field and are suitable for application in areas under intensive agriculture. We propose that flower strip networks should be implemented much more in the upcoming CAP (common agricultural policy) reform in the European Union and promoted more by advisory services for farmers.

     

Fish communities in coastal freshwater ecosystems: the role of the physical and chemical setting

Background

We explored how embayment watershed inputs, morphometry, and hydrology influence fish community structure among eight embayments located along the southeastern shoreline of Lake Ontario, New York, USA. Embayments differed in surface area and depth, varied in their connections to Lake Ontario and their watersheds, and drained watersheds representing a gradient of agricultural to forested land use.

Results

We related various physicochemical factors, including total phosphorus load, embayment area, and submerged vegetation, to differences in fish species diversity and community relative abundance, biomass, and size structure both among and within embayments. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and centrarchids numerically dominated most embayment fish communities. Biomass was dominated by piscivorous fishes including brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus), bowfin (Amia calva), and northern pike (Esox lucius). Phosphorus loading influenced relative biomass, but not species diversity or relative abundance. Fish relative abundance differed among embayments; within embayments, fish abundance at individual sampling stations increased significantly with submerged vegetative cover. Relative biomass differed among embayments and was positively related to total phophorus loading and embayment area. Fish community size structure, based on size spectra analysis, differed among embayments, with the frequency of smaller-bodied fishes positively related to percent vegetation.

Conclusion

The importance of total phosphorus loading and vegetation in structuring fish communities has implications for anthropogenic impacts to embayment fish communities through activities such as farming and residential development, reduction of cultural eutrophication, and shoreline development and maintenance.