水涨龙眼结果母枝内源激素含量变化对花芽分化的影响

应用酶联免疫法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）,测定了涨龙眼花芽分化期间结果母枝内源激素ｉＰＡｓ、ＧＡｓ、ＡＢＡ及ＩＡＡ的含量变化。结果表明,生理分化期花芽内源激素含量：ＡＢＡ〉ｉＰＡｓ〉ＩＡＡ〉ＧＡｓ;形成分化期为：ＡＢＡ〉ＩＡＡ〉ｉＰＡｓ〉ＧＡｓ。生理分化期主形态分化期叶芽内源激素含量均为：ＡＢＡ〉ｉＰＡｓ〉ＧＡｓ〉ＩＡＡ。生理分化期：与叶芽相比,花芽的ｉＰＳｓ、ＧＡｓ和ＩＡＡ含量高,ＡＢＡ含量低。形态分化期：     

水涨龙眼果实内源激素含量变化对生理落果的影响

应用酶联免疫法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）测定了水涨龙眼生理落果期间正常幼果和脱落幼果中内源激素ＡＢＡ、ＩＡＡ、ＧＡｓ及ｉＰＡｓ含量的变化。结果表明,整个生理落果期,幼果中内源激素平均含量ＡＢＡ〉ＩＡＡ〉ＧＡｓ〉ｉＰＡｓ。生理落果期,特别是落果最高峰期,正常幼果中ＡＢＡ含量低,而ＩＡＡ、ＧＡｓ和ｉＰＡｓ含量高,脱落幼果则相反。幼果中ＡＢＡ含量高,ＩＡＡ、ＧＡｓ及ｉＰＡｓ含量低会导致生理果,幼果中生长抑制剂（ＡＢ     

转ipt基因大豆感染SMV1号的生理特性变化

本文对黑龙江省推广的三个大豆品种及它的ｉｐｔ基因株系Ｆ４,采用生化技术酶联免疫检测技术（ＥＬＩＳＡ）研究了病毒病侵染条件下,转基因植株的生化特性变化及内源激素含量及其人平衡状况的影响,实验结果表明,ＳＭＶ１号诱导条件下,转基因大豆细胞中ＭＤＡ含量减少,ＳＯＤ酶活性较强,转７ＳＬ－ｉｐｔ基因的大豆,内源激素ＩＰＡ,ＩＡＡ,ＧＡ含量明显增加,而转８ＳＬ－ｉｐｔ基因的大豆,则通过内源激素ＩＡＡ,ＡＢＡ含     

施氮对饲用杂交稻产量和蛋白质含量的影响及其机理研究

研究了氮肥用量和穗粒肥比例对饲用杂交稻威优５６产量和蛋白质含量的影响及其机理。结果表明：增施氮肥和增加穗粒肥比例,能提高叶片和籽粒的全氮、蛋白非蛋白氮含量,以及谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳ）和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（ＰＥＰＣ）活性从而提高米蛋白质含量;氮肥施用过量,会抑制叶片蔗糖磷酸合成酶（ＳＰＳ）活性和籽粒蔗糖合成酶（ＳＳ）及腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（ＡＤＰＧ－ＰＰａｓｅ）活性,不利叶片的蔗糖合成和籽     

蛋白质含量不同的大豆籽粒形成过程中内源激素活性的变化

对蛋白质含量不同的大豆籽形成过程中内源激素活性变化的研究表明：ＧＡ３活性在不同基因型大豆差异,但活性高峰期和总的变化规律在品种（系）间是相似的。高蛋白和中蛋白含量的品种在籽粒粒发育初期就表现出较高的ＧＡ３活性在不同高蛋白和中蛋白品种的ｉＰＡｓ和ＩＡＡＩ舔生在籽粒形成过程中出现两个高峰期,而低蛋白品系的ＩＡＡＫ人出现一个高峰期。中蛋白品种的ｉＰＡｓ活性在籽粒形成过程中明显高于其他类型的品种。而低蛋白     

ABT生根粉对大豆内源激素含量和农艺性状的影响

在盆载和田间条件下分别研究了ＡＢＴ生根粉（ＡＢＴ４号）处理对大豆涨和叶片内源激素含，籽粒化学品质和农艺性状的影响。试验结果表明，叶面片中ＤＨＺＲｓ，ＧＡ１，３，４，７，ＩＡＡ含量明显升高，叶片中ＡＢＡ的含量下降。施用ＡＢＴ后花英期（Ｒ１－Ｒ５）和成期（Ｒ７＿Ｒ８）延长，根冠比（Ｒ／Ｓ）上升，增产效果明显。ＡＢＴ处理对大豆蛋白质，脂肪含量和脂肪酸组分也有一定影响。     

大豆品种早12花序分化形成期间的顶芽内源激素变化

大豆花序分化形成期间,顶芽内源玉米赤霉烯酮（ＺＥＮ）含量先降后升;异戊烯基腺嘌ｉＰＡｓ）含量在花序发育后期迅速增加,说明ＺＥＮ与ｉＰＡｓ可促进花序的发育。植株的脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）含量短日（ＳＤ）处理始终比连续照光处理低,表明ＡＢＡ可抑制花芽的形成与分化。     

SMV侵染对大豆内源激素平衡的影响

本文采用黑龙江省不同抗病类型的大豆品种，利用酶联免疫检测技术（ＥＬＩＳＡ），研究了病毒病侵染条件下，不同抗病类型品种内源激素含量及其平衡状况的变化。结果表明，在ＳＭＶ侵染条件下，感病品种ＡＢＡ含量急剧增加，ｉｐＡ含量降低；而抗病品种ＡＢＡ含量、ＧＡ／ＡＢＡ比值低于自身对照，ｉｐＡ含量增加。由此证实：内源激素的变化和平衡对大豆抗病性诱导产生起了重大的作用。     

外源二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠 对花期淹水大豆碳代谢的影响

      为了研究二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠（DDTC）对大豆碳水化合物代谢的调节作用,为大豆抗渍涝栽培提供技术支持,本研究以渍涝敏感型大豆品种徐豆18和耐渍涝品种南农1138-2为材料,采用盆栽的方式,花期淹水前喷施DDTC,调查大豆叶片光合特性、蔗糖代谢酶活性及叶片、根系和根瘤中碳水化合物含量。结果表明：淹水胁迫降低了植株地上部、根系和根瘤干物重,叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）,根系中淀粉含量、根瘤中蔗糖和淀粉含量。其中,南农1138-2植株干物重,叶片光合气体交换参数以及根系中淀粉含量比徐豆18下降幅度小,而两品种间根瘤中蔗糖和淀粉含量下降幅度基本一致。与之不同,叶片中蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）、蔗糖合成酶（SS）（合成方向）活性、SS（分解方向）、酸性转化酶（AI）活性,叶片可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量,根系中可溶性糖、蔗糖含量增加。其中,南农1138-2叶片中蔗糖合成酶（SS）（分解方向）和酸性转化酶（AI）活性、可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量增幅较小,而叶片中蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）、SS（合成方向）活性增幅较大。DDTC处理提高了淹水胁迫下两品种植株干物重,缓解了淹水胁迫对大豆植株生长的抑制;提高了叶片光合气体交换参数,叶片中SPS和SS（合成方向）活性,并降低了SS（分解方向）和AI活性,促进了淹水胁迫下叶片中蔗糖向根系和根瘤的转运;DDTC处理也增加了根系中可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量,根瘤中蔗糖和淀粉含量,表明DDTC处理在调控淹水胁迫下大豆植株生长和碳代谢生理过程中起着重要的作用。     

重穗型杂交稻Ⅱ优6078生育后期生理特性研究

测定了籼粳稻亚种间重穗型组合Ⅱ优６０７８和对照汕优６３生育后期剑叶中叶绿素含量与净光合速率（Ｐｎ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）与过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性、可溶性蛋白质含量与硝酸还原酶（ＮＲ）活性、内源激素（ＺＴ、ＧＡ３、ＩＺＺ）含量。结果表明,Ⅱ优６０７８生育后期叶绿素含量高,光合能力强,且叶片衰老缓慢,内源激素含量高,是Ⅱ优６０７８获得高产的重要原因。     

大豆DNA扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)研究

本文研究ＡＦＬＰ技术在大豆上的应用,在改进大豆种子ＤＮＡ提取方法的基础上,比较同位素与银染检测方法的效果,筛选适宜大于大豆ＡＦＬＰ分析的酶切和引物组合,从而建立了适用于大豆指纹图谱快速鉴定的ＡＦＬＰ操作程序,并对我国野生大豆和栽培大豆代表性材料进行了ＡＦＬＰ分析。     

不同氮源对大豆硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性及蛋白质含量的影响

利用硝态氮(NO3--N)、铵态氮(NH4 -N)及混合态氮对4个栽培大豆品种结荚期植株进行诱导处理,研究不同氮源对叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性以及子粒蛋白质含量的影响.结果表明,NO3--N增加4个品种NR活性效果最好,其次是混合态氮,而NH4 -N的效果较差.从4个品种叶片的GS活性看,混合态氮和NH4 -N的处理效果好,而NO3--N的效果差;三种氮源处理4个基因型的子粒蛋白质含量都有不同程度的增加,增加的顺序与提高NR活性的顺序相同.说明施用三种氮肥能增加大豆品种子粒的蛋白质含量,而以施用硝酸钾的效果最佳.相关分析表明,大豆叶片NR活性与子粒蛋白质含量之间呈极显著正相关(r=0.663**),可以把结荚期叶片的硝酸还原酶活性作为选择高蛋白大豆材料的参考指标之一.     

Effect of shading on accumulation of soybean isoflavonoid under maize-soybean strip intercropping systems

Maize-soybean strip intercropping system is an important ecological planting system; the wide development of intercropped soybean has contributed to the soybean industry in China. Soybean growth and seed production were affected by the shading from maize. Previous studies confirmed that relay strip intercropping shading facilitates the accumulation of isoflavone glucosides but does not take advantage of the accumulation of isoflavone aglycone. However, the regulation of isoflavones accumulation under strip intercropping system was unknown; in which soybean and maize were sown at the same time, and soybean was mainly shaded in the reproductive stage. In order to reveal the effects of intercropping shading on the isoflavones accumulation in soybean seed, two independent field experiments were conducted in eastern China. We compared the isoflavones profiles of soybean seeds, which were grown under various maize-soybean intercropping systems with different shade levels. The results showed that the intercropping shading was not benefited to the accumulation of soy-isoflavones, including aglycones and isoflavones glycosides and various forms of isoflavones were decreased with the decline of photosynthetic active radiation. Multivariate statistical analysis and significance analysis showed that acylated isoflavones may be more susceptible to intercropping shading.

Abbreviations: HCA: Hierarchical cluster analysis; PAR: photosynthetically active radiation; PCA: Principal component analysis; LC-MS: Liquid chromatography mass spectrometer.     

稻田土壤杂草种子库研究

对江苏省仪征市连年稻麦两熟轮作稻田土壤杂草种子库中杂草种类进行了考查。结果表明, 有11 科22 种杂草的种子主要分布在0～10 cm 土层内。同时, 阐述了土壤种子库杂草种子的来源, 因水分、湿度、光照等自然因素和耕作、人工除草等人为因素, 杂草种子本身的完熟度等综合因素造成了土壤杂草种子库中杂草种子活力的损失与累积, 以及杂草种子萌发与土层深度、水分等的关系, 初步探明了水旱轮作对稻田土壤杂草种子库的影响, 提出了减少杂草种子库种源的对策。     

水稻植株防御白背飞虱为害的某些生理反应

 以对白背飞虱具有不同抗性水平的水稻品种(组合) 为材料, 研究了水稻在白背飞虱为害后稻株体内的生理变化。结果表明, 稻株受害后, 感虫品种(TN1和汕优63) 光合作用速率和叶绿素含量下降比抗虫品种(N 22) 明显; 感虫品种超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) 活性增加, 过氧化物酶(POD) 和过氧化氢酶(CAT) 活性下降, 而抗虫品种POD 和SOD 均增加, CAT减少;感虫品种除丙氨酸含量下降外, 其他氨基酸含量均上升, 尤其是天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸及蛋氨酸等含量增加很快, 抗虫品种中天门冬氨酸、缬氨酸等含量增加也很快, 但苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、丙氨酸的含量显著下降。     

亚麻优异种质创新利用及发展

亚麻种质创新工作采用外源总体DNA导入,Co60-γ射线处理种子、植株以及利用雄性核不育材料进入转育等方法创造新类型、新材料,提供给育种家,培育出一批优异亚麻新品种,促进了亚麻生产的飞速发展.随着新的生物技术和信息技术的突破,对今后种质创新工作进行展望.     

Seed Treatment with Uniconazole Powder Improves Soybean Seedling Growth under Shading by Corn in Relay Strip Intercropping System

The relay strip intercropping system of wheat-corn-soybean is widely used in southwest China. However, it is hard to obtain a stable production of soybean with this system, since soybean plants grow under shading by corn; the stems are thinner and susceptible to lodging. We examined the effects of seed treatment with uniconazole powder (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg kg-¹ seed) on the growth of soybean seedlings under relay strip intercropping, some morphological characteristics and yield. The seedling height, first internode length, cotyledonary node height and leaf area per plant were decreased, while the stem diameter, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, root volume, leaf greenness and root to shoot dry weight ratio were increased by uniconazole treatment. The root vigor and root active absorption area were also increased significantly by uniconazole treatment. Moreover, 2 and 4 mg kg-¹ uniconazole powder treatment increased shoot dry weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and seed yield significantly. Thus, the results suggested that seed treatment with uniconazole powder at a suitable concentration can improve soybean seedling growth, resist the lodging and also increase the seed yield under shading by corn in relay strip intercropping system.     

咸宁苎麻产业形势与发展对策

本文阐述了咸宁苎麻产业经营的现状,发展的有利条件,制约因素和进一步发展苎麻产业的构思,以及实现这一构思采取的几项举措:扩大生产规模;加强优质原料基地及龙头企业的建设;提高品牌档次,促进工业带动农业,集科、工、农、贸为一体,走产业经营的发展道路.     

Genetic interaction between rice PLASTOCHRON genes and the gibberellin pathway in leaf development

Background

The rice PLASTOCHRON (PLA) genes PLA1 and PLA2 regulate leaf maturation and the temporal pattern of leaf initiation. Although the function of PLA genes in the leaf initiation process has been analyzed, little is known about how they affect leaf growth. Previously, we suggested that PLA1 and PLA2 function downstream of the gibberellin (GA) signal transduction pathway. In the present study, we examined the phenotype of a double mutant of pla and slender rice 1 (slr1), which is a constitutive GA response mutant. By analyzing these double mutants, we discuss the relationship between PLA-related and GA-dependent pathways and the possible function of PLA genes in leaf growth.

Findings

Single slr1 and pla mutants exhibited elongated and dwarf phenotypes in the vegetative stage, respectively. The stature and leaf size of the pla1/slr1 and pla2/slr1 double mutants were intermediate between those of the pla and slr1 single mutants. However, the effects of slr1 on leaf elongation were markedly suppressed in the pla1 and pla2 mutant backgrounds. On the other hand, the change in cell length in the double mutants was almost the same as that in the single mutants. An expression analysis of genes involved in GA biosynthesis and catabolism indicated that feedback regulation functioned normally in the pla/slr1 double mutants.

Conclusions

Our genetic results confirm that PLA genes regulate leaf growth downstream of the GA pathway. Our findings also suggest that PLA1 and PLA2 are partly required for GA-dependent leaf elongation, mainly by affecting cellular proliferation.     

Influence of Seed Treatment with Uniconazole Powder on Soybean Growth,Photosynthesis, Dry Matter Accumulation after Flowering and Yield in Relay Strip Intercropping System

Abstract

The relay strip intercropping system of wheat-corn-soybean is widely used in southwest China. However, it is hard to produce soybean stably with this system, since the growth of soybean plants is slower under shading by corn at the seedling stage, and it is compensated by accelerated growth after the symbiotic stage. Soybean plants show excessive vegetative growth due to more rain during the flowering stage, which results in fallen petals, fallen pods and lower yield. This study investigated whether seed treatment with uniconazole powder (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg kg^–1 seed) suppresses excessive vegetative growth of soybean plants during the flowering stage and delays senescence of photosynthetically active leaves at the pod-setting stage. If such events are correlated with changes in photosynthesis, they may affect dry matter accumulation and seed yield in the relay stripping system. Uniconazole promoted biomass accumulation from 31 (R₃) to 61 (R₅) days after flowering (DAF) and seed yield. Seed treatment with uniconazole raised the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a contents. In contrast, uniconazole reduced leaf area index (LAI) from 1 DAF (R₁) to 46 DAF (R₄) with the increase in uniconazole concentration, whereas, uniconazole significantly increased LAI at 61 DAF, and the greatest promotion occurred at 2 mg kg^–1 treatment. The study clearly showed that uniconazole effectively suppressed excessive vegetative growth of soybean during flowering stage, delayed senescence of photosynthetically active leaves at pod-setting stage and induced higher yield, which were related to the changes in photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation and LAI in the relay strip intercropping system.