报刊摘引

行距4米、株距2.5米的沙滩地苹果密植园,亩产2500—3000公斤的丰产因素及指标是:1、适宜的冠积:冬剪后树高为3—3.5米,行间冠径2.5—2.7米,株间冠径2.3—2.5米,单株树冠体积为13—15立方米.叶面积系数为3—5,株间交接率小于10%,地面覆盖率为70—80%,行间通道为1—1.5米,行间影射角为41—49度.     

对梨种质资源圃部分品种的综合评价

对引进的38个梨品种进行栽培观察和鉴评,认为红酥脆、美人酥、满天红、早酥梨、黄冠梨、水晶梨、雪花梨、秋黄梨、奥冠红梨、早红考蜜斯、爱宕梨、七月梨、红香酥和新世纪等14个梨品种综合表现较好,适宜在本地区栽培.简要介绍了上述品种的果实经济性状、生长结果习性、适应性和抗性等.     

‘满天红’ב红香酥’杂种鉴定及遗传变异Genic-SSR分析

【目的】对授粉时未做去雄处理的‘满天红’ב红香酥’组合进行杂种鉴定和遗传变异分析,排除非双亲杂种单株,为利用该组合进行连锁分析奠定基础。【方法】用9对从转录组数据开发的在双亲间表现多态性的genic-SSR引物和1对自交不亲和基因检测引物对‘满天红’ב红香酥’组合所有单株进行杂种鉴定、标记偏分离分析和群体聚类分析。【结果】348个杂交单株中,有339株同时拥有母本和父本来源的特征片段,真正为‘满天红’和‘红香酥’的杂种,其余9株在部分位点未见父本条带,排除为双亲杂种的可能。卡方检验发现6个位点符合孟德尔分离定律,4个出现偏分离现象。双亲和339个真正杂种后代经遗传聚类分析分为3组:一组包含77个后代,与‘满天红’聚在一起;另一组包含183个后代,与‘红香酥’聚到一起。另有79个后代,单独聚在一起。【结论】利用Genic-SSR分析成功地对‘满天红’ב红香酥’组合梨杂种后代进行了鉴定,表明外来花粉污染是造成杂交群体中非双亲杂种污染的主要原因,产生自交后代污染的概率较低,聚类分析表明S-RNAse和部分SSR位点在该杂交群体中发生偏分离,半数以上的单株与父本‘红香酥’聚为一类。     

满天红系列红皮梨在砀山的引种表现

红色梨满天红系列(满天红、美人酥、红酥脆)是郑州果树所王宇霖先生用幸水与云南火把梨杂交培育而成的3个红色梨新品种。本人自1999年起对6 年生砀山酥梨高接并定植幼苗建园。通过近5 a(年)的栽培观察,现将在砀山的引种栽培表现初报如下。1　植物学特征与果实性状该系列品种树姿直立,极性强。1 年生枝条深绿色,较粗壮而柔软,皮孔圆而大,其中满天红被白色茸毛,美人酥和红酥脆被黄棕色茸毛。叶片较大、肥厚,卵圆形或长卵圆形,浓绿色。花冠大,每朵花9~13瓣(砀山酥梨5~7瓣),每花序有花7~13朵,花粉量大,自花结实率高。满天红、红酥脆果实为圆…     

满天红梨着色不好的原因及解决途径

2001年河北省辛集市从郑州果树研究所引进着色梨品种满天红,其果实酸甜可口,风味独特,9月中下旬成熟,成熟时果面着鲜红色,晶莹光亮,外形美观。生产中发现有些果农由于技术不过关,导致果实上色速度慢,着色暗淡无光,不能体现该品种的优良特性。为此,2003～2004年我们对满天红梨着色不佳的原因进行了调查研究,并提出相应解决途径。1原因分析1.1树体结构不合理,果实光照不足满天红梨生长势强,且枝条多而较直立,若修剪不当,尤其夏剪跟不上,容易造成树体过高,枝条过密,1年生徒长枝多,有的果园甚至密不透风,直接影响树冠下部和内膛光照。果实被大量…     

圆柱形梨园幼树期树相指标研究

为探讨圆柱形梨园合理的树体和群体结构参数,作者调查了不同品种圆柱形梨园幼树期树体和群体结构参数。结果表明,3年生‘新梨7号’树高348.3 cm,干高63 cm,单株留枝量63条,每666.7 m2枝量19 971条,叶面积系数1.62。3年生‘雪青’树高为303.0 cm,干高74 cm,单株留枝量57条,每666.7 m2枝量18 069条,叶面积系数1.73。2个品种圆柱形树形均表现为冠层结构紧密,枝条分布均匀,中枝和短枝数量大于全株总枝量的60%。     

3个红皮砂梨品种果实品质和香气成分比较分析

[目的]明确美人酥、满天红和彩云红3个云南红梨品种之间的品质差异,旨在为红梨资源品质研究和生产上新品种选育、引种和推广提供理论依据.[方法]以云南安宁地区红色砂梨品种美人酥、满天红和彩云红为试材,对这3个主栽品种的果实外观特征、营养特性和香气成分等进行比较分析.[结果]满天红果实单果质量、硬度和维生素C含量高于彩云红和...     

外源抗坏血酸对鲜榨梨汁褐变的影响

以11个梨品种("雪梨""鸭梨""黄冠梨""红香酥""南水""玉露香""秋月""早酥红""新高""晚秀""雪青")为试材,榨取果汁,分别添加不同浓度(0.1%、0.2%)抗坏血酸,以不添加抗坏血酸为对照(CK),测定不同浓度抗坏血酸对梨汁pH、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、可滴定酸含量、OD420的影响。结果表明:梨汁褐变与pH、可滴定酸含量、PPO活性无关;抗坏血酸并非通过降低梨汁pH,抑制梨汁PPO活性而抑制褐变。     

苹果树整形修剪存在问题及其对策

现将陕西礼泉县苹果树整形修剪存在问题及其对策总结如下:1存在问题1)密度过大。一般乔砧树667m2栽80多株,矮砧100～150株,更密的多达200～300株。随着树龄的增大、树冠的扩大,全县大面积果园株间枝条重叠,行间树冠交接,群体光照条件恶化。2)树形不规范。全县树形多而乱,主要有     

优质、耐贮、晚熟梨品种撬动中国梨产业高效发展

作为中国落叶果树第二大水果的梨,多年来梨果消费市场持续低迷,其根本原因是砀山酥梨和鸭梨等中国梨产业的主栽品种均"晚熟而不优质"(不好吃)。借鉴苹果产业的高效发展经验(优质、耐贮、晚熟富士为主栽品种),以新疆库尔勒香梨为关键亲本,杂交育成了优质、耐贮、晚熟梨新品种红香酥和山农酥;今后应进一步加强红香酥和山农酥等梨新品种的推广应用力度,构建以优质、耐贮、晚熟梨品种为主的品种结构,推动中国梨产业的高效发展,助力健康中国,服务乡村振兴。     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.     

Relationships of landscape,prey and agronomic variables to the abundance of generalist predators in cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis>) fields

A two-year field study investigated the possible effects of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) and uncultivated areas on the abundance of generalist predators in commercially-managed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields in Texas, USA. From 63 to 70 fields were sampled for pests and predators over nine consecutive weeks during early stages of cotton development. Additional data on agronomic practices and landscape composition at three spatial scales were also collected for each field. Stepwise regression analyses were used to determine the relationships of landscape, agronomic and prey variables to the abundance of generalist predators. Because the variables most closely linked to predator levels could vary over time, separate regressions were conducted for three time periods corresponding to stages of grain sorghum growth (half-bloom, hard-dough, maturity) in each year. Significant relationships between predator abundance and agricultural landscape composition appear in both years and in all three time periods, but the specific relationships of landscape variables to cotton predator levels differed between and within years. At maturity in 2001, predator levels rose as the amount of uncultivated land from 1.6 to 3.2 km distant and the perimeter shared with grain sorghum increased. During 2002, the area of grain sorghum (half-bloom) and uncultivated land (hard-dough) within 1.6 km of cotton fields were both positively related to predator numbers. Cotton planting dates and the abundance of cotton fleahoppers (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus [Reuter]) were also strongly linked to predator numbers during both years. Results suggest that the total amount of grain sorghum or uncultivated land in an area is more important than the presence of these habitats adjacent to cotton fields, and that landscape composition may sometimes be the most important factor in determining predator abundance.     

Influence of lanthanum nitrate on the expression of aquaporin 7 in the testis of rats

AIM: To find out whether different dosage of rare earth element-lanthanum can influence the expression of aquaporin 7(AQP 7) in the testis of rats. METHODS:Rats were fed with lanthanum nitrate[La(NO₃)₃]and killed 6 months later.Testes were then removed immediately to extract total RNA.Northern blot analysis is performed finally. RESULTS:0.1 mg/kg La(NO₃)₃ depressed the expression of AQP 7 in rat testis, while 20 mg/kg La(NO₃)₃ had no significant effect on it. CONCLUSION: AQP 7 expession is found in the rat testis; La(NO₃)₃ can depress the expression of AQP 7 in the rat testis.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfung von Kirschensorten auf wuchsreduzierenden Unterlagen in Ungarn

Zusammenfassung In Ungarn gibt es ein reges Interesse an intensivem Obstanbau. Der Erfolg dieses Anbaus hängt in sehr großem Maße von den Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Standort, den Sorten-Unterlagen-Kombinationen und dem Anbauverfahren ab.Um die Wirkung wuchsreduzierender Kirschenunterlagen aus ausländischen Züchtungsinstituten unter ungarischen Klimaverhältnissen untersuchen zu können, wurde im Forschungsinstitut für Obst- und Zierpflanzenbau Budapest-Érd ein Vergleichsversuch durchgeführt. Der Versuch wurde mit Cerasus avium C. 2493, Weiroot 13, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72, Weiroot 154, Weiroot 158, GiSelA 5 und P-HL-A-Unterlagen 1997 in der Versuchsanstalt des Forschungsinstituts für Obst- und Zierpflanzenbau Budapest-Érd aufgepflanzt. Als Kontrolle diente die Sämlingsunterlage Cerasus mahaleb Cema, deren Anteil im ungarischen Süßkirschenanbau bei 70–80% liegt. Die Unterlagen wurden mit drei Süßkirschensorten (Germersdorfi , Linda, Katalin) und mit einer Sauerkirschensorte (Piramis) veredelt.Nach der Wüchsigkeit bis zum Ende des 8. Standjahres konnten die Unterlagen in drei Gruppen eingeteilt werden: starkwüchsige (Cerasus mahaleb Cema, Cerasus avium C. 2493, Weiroot 13), mittelstarkwüchsige (Weiroot 158, Weiroot 154, P-HL-A) und schwachwüchsige Unterlagen (Weiroot 72, Weiroot 53, GiSelA 5). Die stärkste Neigung, Wurzelschosse zu treiben, zeigten Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 154.Während der Untersuchung der generativen Eigenschaften wurde beobachtet, dass es Unterschiede in der Blütezeit der Sorten-Unterlagen-Kombinationen gibt. Auf GiSelA 5 veredelte Sorten blühten 1 oder 2 Tage früher als die Kontrolle. Es gab nur geringe Unterschiede in der Reifezeit der Kombinationen. Den größten Ertrag hatte die Sorte Linda, gefolgt von Katalin, Germersdorfi 3 und Piramis. Der größte Fruchtdurchmesser wurde bei der Süßkirschensorte Germersdorfi 3 gefunden, der größte Anteil an Früchten größer als 26 mm bei den Bäumen auf Weiroot 72 (23%), der geringste Anteil großer Früchte bei den Bäumen auf GiSelA 5. Bei Piramis wurde der größte Fruchtdurchmesser auf Cerasus avium C. 2493 gemessen.     

Effects of corridors on home range sizes and interpatch movements of three small mammal species

Corridors are predicted to benefit populations in patchy habitats bypromoting movement, which should increase population densities, gene flow, andrecolonization of extinct patch populations. However, few investigators haveconsidered use of the total landscape, particularly the possibility ofinterpatch movement through matrix habitat, by small mammals. This studycompares home range sizes of 3 species of small mammals, the cotton mouse(Peromyscus gossypinus), old-field mouse (P.polionotus) and cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus)between patches with and without corridors. The study site was in S. Carolina,USA. Corridor presence did not have astatistically significant influence on average home range size. Habitatspecialization and sex influenced the probability of an individual movingbetween 2 patches without corridors. The results of this study suggest thatsmall mammals may be more capable of interpatch movement without corridors thanis frequently assumed.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Quercetin regulates Fas expression and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells

AIM: To investigate the role of 1, 4, 5- trisphosphate inositol (IP3) and Fas gene expression in apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by quercetin. METHODS: HepG2 cells were treated with quercetin at different concentrations (including 20, 40, 60, 80 μmol/ L) for 72 h and treated with 60 μmol/ L quercetin for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. IP3, Fas mRNA, Fas protein and apoptosis rate were assayed by IP3 - ［3H］ Birtrak assay, RT-PCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS: When HepG2 cells were incubated with different concentrations of quercetin for 72 h, the IP3 content was lower than those in control. Fas mRNA expression, Fas protein expression and the apoptosis rate were higher than those in control. When HepG2 cells were incubated with quercetin for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, the IP3 contents were lower than those in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 12 h. Fas mRNA expression was higher than that in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 12 h . Fas protein expression was higher than that in control. The apoptosis rate was significantly higher than that in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 24 h (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Quercetin induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells by reducing IP3 production and upregulating Fas gene expression.