3个草莓品种大棚无土栽培比较试验

以本地“丰香”草莓为对照，对“红颜”、“章姬”等2个草莓品种进行观察研究。结果发现，“红颜”综合性状表现较好，植株长势旺、果实品质好、产量较高，优于对照品种，具有在大棚设施内种植栽培推广的潜力。“章姬”对种植所需条件及技术要求较高，不适宜在桂林地区进行推广种植。     

IAA色氨酸处理对索非亚草莓营养生长和果实品质的调控

对索非亚(Sophie)草莓品种叶片喷施L-色氨酸和DL-色氨酸,探讨是否与IAA一样,具有促进营养生长、开花结果及提高果实品质等作用。结果表明300～400mg/L的L-色氨酸和400mg/L的DL-色氨酸能使株高、茎粗、叶片厚度、单株叶数和单位叶面积得到不同程度的提高,并能增强生长势,增加草莓产量,改善果实品质,显著提高商品率。     

Improving Pollination of Early Strawberry Crops

ABSTRACT

Our work on strawberry pollination started in 1996 because die top cultivar grown in France is ‘Gariguette’ and growers get good prices widi this cultivar very early in the season (March-April) as the quality of the product is well recognized. Crop management aimed at earliness (early covering, covering with a layer of non-woven fabric or under greenhouse polyethylene film, heating, etc.) induces the plant to flower under conditions unfavorable for pollination such as short days with low irradiation levels and temperatures around 8-10°C which hinder pollen formation. Such conditions often lead later on to problems in strawberry development and shape (large areas with unfertilized ovules, furrows, etc.). This is especially true for primary flowers, which should provide the largest strawberries. A preliminary study was first conducted to assess whether pollination was, indeed, a limiting factor for strawberry production in early crops and whether female reproductive structures also have played a role as well. When this work was completed and pollination was demonstrated as the main limiting factor for strawberry development from the first batch of flowers, the authors studied the different pollen vectors and quantified their action to determine their incidence in terms of production under “limiting” early cropping conditions.     

3种栽培模式对草莓生长、产量和品质的影响

为了促进草莓优质安全及轻简化生产,以"红颜"品种为试材,研究了基质、半基质、土壤3种不同栽培模式对草莓植株生育性状、产量、果实品质、根系活力的影响。结果表明:基质模式植株长势最好,成活率最高,成熟期最早,每667 m²产量2667 kg,收益4.82万元;在果实品质方面,土壤栽培条件下果实中的Ca、Fe、干物质、VC、总糖与可溶性固形物含量大于基质与半基质栽培,口感与营养更好;半基质模式更利于植株根系生长,根系活力最强。     

草莓新品种‘晶瑶’

 ‘晶瑶’是以‘幸香’为母本, ‘章姬’为父本杂交育成的早熟草莓新品种, 其休眠期短, 果实呈略长圆锥形, 表面鲜红色; 果实整齐, 一级序果平均29.6 g; 肉质细腻, 香味浓, 口感好, 耐贮运;抗白粉病能力强。平均产量为330 g·株^-1 , 32 475 kg·hm ^-2。     

Strawberry fruit yield and quality responses to flower bud removal: A simulation of damage by strawberry blossom weevil (Anthonomus rubi)

Summary

The effect of flower bud severing (with scissors) on the yield and fruit quality of strawberry (cv. Elsanta) grown on raised, polythene-mulched beds varied with plant size and numbers of flower buds per plant. On very small plants (with an average of seven flower buds and yielding 105 g of fruit per plant) severing reduced yield in direct proportion to the proportion of flower buds severed, irrespective of whether severing included or did not include removal of the primary (first node) flower bud. There was no evidence of crop compensation. On larger plants (with 24, 70 and 117 flower buds and yielding 0.34 kg, 0.73 kg and 1.16 kg of fruit per plant respectively) severing up to 12 buds per plant did not significantly affect yield: mean berry weight increased by up to 11% and the percentage fruit (by number) in quality class I increased from 67% to 72% in response to severing. Two mechanisms of yield compensation were, apparent i) an increase in mean berry weight, and ii) the maturing of alternative replacement flower buds. Severing slightly delayed by 1–2 d the date by when 10% and 25% of fruit was picked. Implications for the economic damage threshold for flower bud severing by the strawberry blossom weevil are discussed.     

几种果实不同组织总RNA提取及质量分析

以菊水梨为试验材料,通过2种改良CTAB法对果实不同成熟阶段提取的总RNA质量和产量的变化的影响,研究果实不同成熟阶段果皮和果肉总RNA提取的质量和产量,并针对梨果实不同成熟阶段采用不同的改良CTAB法,以较低的成本从果实中提取完整性好、质量高的总RNA。同时提取近成熟的红富士葡萄、富士苹果和丰香草莓3种果实总RNA。总RNA的质量和产量分析结果表明,方法Ⅰ和Ⅱ分别适用于成熟度较低和较高梨果实总RNA的提取,方法Ⅰ也适用于其它3种近成熟果实总RNA提取。并通过RT-PCR验证,所提取的总RNA可以满足基因克隆和表达等分子生物学实验的要求。     

Field performance characterization of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) plants derived from cryopreserved apices

This study compares agronomic traits of two cultivars of strawberry in plants derived from conventional propagation, micropropagation and cryopreserved apices. The agronomic traits evaluated were fruit production and fruit quality. Differences were found in some of the fruit production traits studied in the plants post-micropropagation and post-cryopreservation when compared to conventionally propagated plants of the cultivar ‘Andana’; showing the first two groups higher second class yield and smaller fruits. Plants of the cultivar ‘Camarosa’ post-cryopreservation showed differences in traits related to fruit quality when compared to the other two groups of plants (internal colour, firmness and soluble solids). No adverse effect on agronomic traits could be associated with the use of cryopreservation. Plants from in vitro and cryopreservation origin were phenotypically similar to the conventional propagated plants in production field.     

Initial Crown Diameter of Transplants Influences Marketable Yield Components of Two Strawberry Cultivars in Annual Hill Production System

Abstract

Influence of initial transplant size on yield components was investigated using two strawberry cultivars over a three-year period. Plants were sorted into three groups according to crown size each fall before transplanting.

Fruits were harvested once a week over a ten-week period each year. There were marked differences between ‘Chandler’ and ‘Camarosa’ cultivars. Transplants of the ‘Chandler’ cultivar with larger crown diameters produced significantly greater early and total marketable yield than transplants with smaller crown diameters. Regression analysis of yield components against initial crown diameter revealed a positive relationship between total fruit numbers produced per plant and initial crown size for both cultivars. Total weight of marketable fruit produced per plant was positively associated with initial crown diameter of transplants. Relationships between initial crown diameter and early yield components were not as consistent among the two cultivars tested. Early yield components of ‘Chandler’ were all correlated to initial crown diameter of transplants. The size of the transplant did not influence early yield components of ‘Camarosa’ except for fruit size. There was a significant relationship between the postharvest dry weight of plants and initial crown diameter of transplants.     

草莓基因工程研究进展

综述了近20年来国内外在草莓抗病虫、耐盐碱、抗冻、品质特性、耐贮运性、抗除草剂基因工程的研究概况与进展,对当前草莓基因工程育种工作中存在的问题进行了探讨,对其发展前景进行了展望,指出了多基因转化和利用转录因子、小RNA等调控基因进行转化这2个发展方向并提出了把草莓作为果树基因组学研究的模式植物之一的观点。决定草莓品质(风味、香气和颜色)的物质多是萜类和黄酮类次生代谢物质,这说明今后我国开展草莓次生代谢基因工程对其品质改良的重要性。     

优质抗病设施草莓新品种——‘宁丰’的选育

‘宁丰’是以‘达赛莱克特’为母本、‘丰香’为父本经杂交选育而成的设施草莓新品种,该品种早熟丰产,果实外观整齐漂亮,畸形果少。果实圆锥形,果面红色,光泽强。肉质细,风味甜,南京地区全年平均可溶性固形物9.8%,硬度1.68 kg.cm-2。果大,果个均匀,平均单果质量达16.5 g,株产328 g。植株长势强,半直立。抗炭疽病,白粉病,适合我国大部分地区促成栽培。     

草莓新品种引进比较试验

为了解决东海县草莓品种单一及品种退化的问题,实现草莓品种的更新换代,提高草莓品质及经济效益,从江苏省农业科学院、北京神舟绿鹏农业科技有限公司等单位引进了紫金久红、章姬、隋珠、脱毒红颜等9个草莓品种进行比较试验。结果表明:脱毒红颜、妙香植株长势好、田间综合性状较好,具有果形端正、光泽度高、口感细腻、产量高等特点,比较适宜在东海县推广栽培。     

植物免疫诱导剂在草莓中的应用情况

为了助力实现草莓的安全生产,对一类能诱导植物产生免疫防御反应的植物免疫诱导剂在草莓中的应用情况进行综述。主要阐述了植物免疫诱导剂的种类、诱导机理及其在草莓栽培上的应用现状,发现:植物免疫诱导剂能促进草莓生长和发育、诱导抗病性、提高产量、改善果实品质、提高耐贮性等,从而减少了化学农药的使用,有利于草莓高质量生产,应用前景广阔。     

日光温室草莓立体栽培研究

在普通日光温室中,采用"A"型双层立架和柱槽组合2种栽培形式进行草莓立体栽培,对不同栽培形式的地温、光照、植株生长情况、果实品质和产量进行了研究。结果表明:立体栽培使基质温度、光照强度降低,对植株营养生长、果实品质的影响较小,虽然单株产量略有下降,但单位面积定植株数增加,使单位面积产量高于对照,其中柱槽组合增产效果明显,成本较低,适合在生产中推广利用,可做进一步研究。     

喷施硅酸钠对结果后期草莓生长、品质和产量的影响

为了提升草莓生产后期果实品质，通过叶面喷施不同浓度（0.5、1.0、1.5 mmol/L）硅酸钠，研究草莓生长后期植株长势以及果实硬度、品质和产量的变化情况。结果表明：喷施1.0 mmol/L硅酸钠处理效果最好，生长指标、品质指标和产量指标均表现较好，且抑制了植株徒长，与CK相比较，草莓株高显著降低11.1%，茎粗显著增加15%；喷施后10 d新叶叶绿素生长量增大80%，果实硬度变化幅度增加6%;8成熟、9成熟、10成熟果实硬度分别显著提高65.9%、81.5%、86.8%，果实糖度分别增加8.70%、3.17%、10.77%；平均单果质量、行产量、测产行产量分别增加2.8%、12.9%、8.0%，畸形果率则降低3.6百分点。建议在草莓结果后期酌情使用。     

嫩食中国南瓜新品种‘中瑞2号’

‘中瑞2号’是以无蔓型自交系‘13-295’为母本,奶油型自交系‘13-280’为父本杂交育成的中国南瓜新品种,植株无蔓,高产,早熟。单瓜质量0.8 ~ 1.0 kg,瓜扁球形。嫩瓜（商品瓜）浅绿色有白色条纹,口感较脆,微甜,营养丰富。适宜北京地区早春露地种植。     

公主岭霉素对草莓生长及果实品质的影响

以草莓为试材,进行田间小区和大棚控制试验,研究调查了施用公主岭霉素后草莓植株性状和果实性状的变化,以期明确施用公主岭霉素对草莓生长及果品质量的影响。结果表明:移栽后以公主岭霉素水浸提液灌根,"公主四号"和"公主三号"的移栽成活率最高达82.46%和84.57%,分别比对照提高了32.68%和18.15%,且定植后草莓幼苗在株高、叶柄长、叶长、叶宽、叶数、径冠等方面均优于对照,其中叶片大小和叶数的差异显著。移栽后的最佳灌根浓度为100×稀释液。该研究中叶片喷雾、灌根及喷雾与灌根协同施用,3种不同的施药方式下草莓生长的物候期均无明显变化。在草莓果实性状方面,灌根处理较其它2种方式显著,草莓最大果质量和平均果质量分别比对照提高12.18%和13.79%,且果实中可溶性固形物和果实硬度比对照显著提高。综上表明合理施用公主岭霉素可促进草莓苗势和果品质量的提升。     

Non-Fumigant Treatments and Their Combinations Affect Soil Pathogens and Strawberry Performance in Southern California

ABSTRACT

Finding effective non-fumigant solutions to soil disinfestation is an international priority for sustainable strawberry production. In these studies at Ventura, California, combinations of steam, solarization, and mustard meal were evaluated to manage troublesome soil-borne pathogens: Macrophomia phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum. Treatments containing steam and solarization reduced levels of these pathogens in soil 70–96% compared to untreated soil and had lower rates of late season pathogen-related plant mortality. All treatments improved plant canopy growth and fruit production of ‘San Andreas’ strawberry 58% to 83% compared to untreated control. Even though these treatments did not eradicate pathogen spores and sclerotia in soil, they enhanced early and whole season fruit production and when feasible can be applied in non-fumigated and organic strawberry fields to help sustain production.     

猴头菇新品种‘黑威9910’

猴头菇新品种‘黑威9910’是从大兴安岭野生猴头菇中采用组织分离获得,经系统选育而成。子实体呈单体球形,乳白色。单个子实体质量150~250 g,直径7~15 cm,菇形圆整,菌肉致密。每100 kg干料可产鲜菇110 kg。子实体商品性好,产量高,适应性强,易于管理。     

草莓专用叶面肥对基质栽培草莓生长、产量和品质的影响

摘要：为解决草莓基质栽培生产中的根区施肥难以满足草莓正常生长需求的问题，在京郊基质栽培模式下，研究了草莓专用叶面肥对草莓缺钙情况、产量和品质的影响。结果表明：喷施草莓专用叶面肥可以有效补充钙素营养，显著降低缺钙症状的发生率，草莓总产量、单株结果数、单果质量可分别显著提高17.6%、7.9%、8.9%；同时，能显著提高草莓各茬果实的糖度和糖酸比，改善草莓风味和品质，是实现草莓高产、优质、安全、高效生产的技术途径。