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光敏色素互作因子在植物抵御逆境胁迫中的作用研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《园艺学报》2021,(4)
光敏色素互作因子(Phytochrome-interacting factor,PIF)属于碱性螺旋—环—螺旋(Basic Helix–Loop–Helix,b HLH)类转录因子,参与植物多个生物进程,作为胞内信号调节"枢纽",不但参与调控植物的生长发育,且在植物抵御逆境胁迫过程中发挥重要作用。本文中主要阐述PIF集成复杂的网络调控植物对低温、高温、荫蔽、干旱等非生物胁迫的应答反应,以及PIF通过植物激素信号途径介导植物对病虫害等生物胁迫的防御机制,为研究PIF在逆境胁迫中的作用,提高作物抗性和品质等提供参考。 相似文献
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选取了3种铁高效园艺作物,木本小金海棠,藤本葡萄‘SO4’,草本番茄‘合作906’,对其缺铁应答反应机制进行了分析和比较。结果发现,3种植物中缺铁处理都可以诱导Fe3+还原酶活性升高及根际pH下降;但在缺铁加去顶双重处理时,除番茄Fe3+还原酶活性升高和根际pH下降外,苹果和葡萄没有变化,说明苹果和葡萄中缺铁应答反应的调控有赖于地上部系统信号的存在,而番茄中根系局部信号至少能够触发缺铁应答反应。分根处理表明,在苹果和番茄中部分根系缺铁可导致非缺铁根系产生缺铁应答反应,而葡萄中没有缺铁应答反应,说明苹果和番茄中系统信号可以诱发缺铁应答反应,而葡萄可能需要系统信号和根系局部信号的共同作用。研究还发现,缺铁可诱导苹果和番茄根毛的形成,葡萄则没有。以上结果表明,不同的物种缺铁应答反应的调控机制可能不同。 相似文献
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Ca~(2+)作为一种信号分子在植物细胞信号系统中起着举足轻重的作用。近年来,对钙信号的研究,包括对钙信号的产生、传导及最终靶蛋白的研究,越来越受到人们的重视。文章介绍了植物体内Ca~(2+)存在形式,Ca~(2+)转移系统,Ca~(2+)信号的产生、终止和传递,Ca~(2+)信号在逆境胁迫中的调节作用的最新研究进展。 相似文献
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植物在低温胁迫下的过氧化氢代谢及信号转导 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
过氧化氢(Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 ) 是植物细胞代谢过程中产生的一种活性氧, 被认为对细胞具有毒害作用。然而越来越多的研究证明, H2O2是植物细胞抵抗胁迫反应过程中的重要信号分子, 尤其H2O2在植物受到低温胁迫时所具有的信号调控功能越来越受到关注。作者综述了低温胁迫下的H2O2代谢情况, 并从H2O2与乙烯、水杨酸等信号分子的互作效应, 以及H2O2对抗冷基因、根系吸水性的调控来探讨其在抗冷信号转导过程中的功能及作用机制。 相似文献
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草莓白化相关病毒中国分离物全基因组分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
草莓白化相关病毒(strawberrypallidosis-associatedvirus,SPa V)属于长线形病毒科(Closteroviridae)毛形病毒属(Crinivirus),可引起草莓病害,2017年在中国首次报道。采用高通量测序、RACE和RT-PCR技术获得了SPa V中国分离物(FJ)的基因组全长。该病毒含有两条正单链基因组RNA1和RNA2。RNA1全长8 048 nt,5′和3′非编码区序列分别为264和197 nt,含有3个开放阅读框(ORF),分别编码ORF 1a/1b融合蛋白和p9蛋白。RNA2全长7 977 nt,5′和3′非编码区序列分别为248和186 nt,含有8个开放阅读框(ORF),分别编码HSP70h、CPh、CP、CPm、p7、p6、p9和p28等8个蛋白。RNA1和RNA2与美国M1分离物分别具有98.5%和99.0%的核苷酸一致性;系统发育分析结果表明,SPa V中国分离物(FJ)单独处在一个分支。对SPa V来源的小RNA的分析表明,来源于SPa V的小RAN长度以21和22 nt为主。 相似文献
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RAR1和SGT1是植物R基因(抗病基因,resistance genes)介导的抗病防卫途径中的两个重要信号元件,在R蛋白下游和活性氧产生之间发挥作用。为了研究湖北海棠MhRAR1和MhSGT1基因在感病苹果品种植株内的表达特性及其抗病功能,利用农杆菌介导法将两种基因分别转入富士苹果。对Hyg阳性植株进行PCR和RT-PCR检测,6个转MhRAR1株系和3个转MhSGT1株系呈阳性;两种转基因苹果株系被苹果轮纹病病原菌侵染后,与对照相比都表现出抗氧化酶(SOD/POD/CAT)活性迅速升高、MDA含量变化较平缓的趋势,进一步说明RAR1和SGT1基因能够作用于苹果体内的活性氧反应和细胞膜活动进程,对植株受到外部侵害后的抗性反应有促进作用。 相似文献
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J. A. Franco S. Bañón M. J. Vicente J. Miralles J. J. Martínez-Sánchez 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):543-556
SummaryRoots usually suffer greater exposure to multiple abiotic stresses than shoots. Therefore, the root system can be as affected, or even more affected, than the aerial parts of a plant by such stresses. Despite this, the influence of abiotic stresses on root development has been considerably less studied than on shoots because of limited accessibility for root observations. This work reviews the recent scientific literature on root development and the performance of root systems in horticultural plants growing under abiotic stresses such as drought, waterlogging, salinity, extreme temperature, low illumination, nutrient deficiency or excess, heavy metals, elevated atmospheric CO2, and mechanical restrictions. Changes in the shoot:root ratio are often observed when plants are subjected to various stresses. Thus, a redistribution of metabolites from shoots to roots is frequently observed under drought, salt, or sub-optimal temperature stress, as well as during some nutrient deficiencies, or elevated levels of atmospheric CO2. Conversely, reductions in solar radiation or excess nutrient usually cause an increased shoot:root ratio. Plants subjected to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations, or to low-moisture regimes, may develop a more extensive root system; however, the other stresses reviewed here commonly inhibit root growth, and cause significant modifications to the architecture of the root system, often giving rise to more branched root systems with shorter roots. Colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can also induce changes in the root system of the host plant that may improve its resistance to several abiotic stresses. A wide variety of hormones and biochemical processes are involved in the regulation of root growth under abiotic stress. Essential regulatory functions have been attributed to abscisic acid, ethylene, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species. 相似文献
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光质和光敏色素在植物逆境响应中的作用研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
光敏色素是植物感受外界光环境变化最重要的光受体之一,不仅参与调控植物生长发育,还介导植物对各种生物和非生物胁迫的响应。已有研究表明,光敏色素缺失会导致植物对病原菌、害虫等生物胁迫以及低温、高温、干旱、盐等非生物胁迫的抗性发生改变;改变光质(如调节红光远红光比率)可提高植物对上述逆境胁迫的抗性,并且通过水杨酸、茉莉酸和脱落酸等激素信号途径诱导植物的抗性。在系统综述近年来光敏色素在逆境响应中的作用以及防御机制研究进展的基础上,讨论了在园艺植物生产中通过利用光质和对光敏色素信号途径相关基因进行遗传改良,提高作物抗性,促进作物增产和改善作物品质的重要性。 相似文献
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AIM and METHODS: Electron cytochemical methods were used to study the changes of calcium and reactive oxygen species in rat kidney during ischemia and reperfusion period.RESULTS:By the end of 1h ischemia, intra-cellular calcium increased. There were no H2O2 generation at this time. In the early reperfusion period, large amount of H2O2 generated. At this time, there were no evident changes of intra-cellular calcium compare with 1h ischemia group. In the later reperfusion period, less H2O2 generated. Intra-cellular calcium increased continuously.CONCLUSION: Calcium and reactive oxygen species all participated in ischemia-reperfusion injury, but the time they participated and their effects were different. 相似文献
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AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on the apoptosis of myocardial H9c2 cells induced by norepinephrine (NE). METHODS: The apoptosis model of myocardial H9c2 cells was established by treating the cells with NE at different concentrations, and ACh was used to observed the protective effect. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay and the optimal doses of NE and ACh were selected. Four blockers related to different signaling pathways were also used. The apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. JC-1 staining was used to observe the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential of the H9c2 cells. DCFH-DA staining was used to observe intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. RESULTS: The viability of H9c2 cells was decreased by treatment with NE at 10 μmol/L. The membrane potential of mitochondria was decreased, while ROS production and apoptotic rate were increased significantly (P<0.05). Pretreatment with ACh at 10 mmol/L resulted in the increase in cell viability and decrease in the ROS production, and inhibited the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cell apoptosis (P<0.05). After treatment with the 4 signaling pathway blockers before ACh, the protective effect of ACh was significantly reduced only by PDTC. CONCLUSION: ACh inhibits the apoptosis of H9c2 cells induced by NE, and its mechanism may be related to NF-κB signaling pathway. 相似文献
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秋季叶面喷施IAA、6-BA或GA_3对草莓植株的影响 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
为了探讨植物生长调节剂对秋季草莓苗植株质量的调控,以法国3号草莓(Fragaria×ananassa Duch cv.French3)为材料,研究秋季叶面喷施50mg/L IAA、50mg/L6-BA或25mg/L GA3对草莓苗叶片光合作用、活性氧代谢和植株质量的影响。结果表明,晚秋叶面喷施这3种植物生长调节剂显著提高了叶片的净光合速率和叶绿素a、b含量,提高了SOD和CAT酶活性,同时降低了MDA和活性氧含量。另外,这3种植物生长调节剂处理显著增加草莓茎和根系的干重,使根冠比增加,IAA和6-BA处理还显著提高平均单株花量。因此,秋季叶面喷施50mg/LIAA和50mg/L6-BA可提高草莓苗植株质量。 相似文献