红楠种子萌发与栽培实验

红楠为中国亚热带常绿阔叶树种,被列为生态公益林树种及园林工程景观绿化树种。通过采集红楠种子,用一种简易方法处理后播种,进行随采随播育苗、移栽试验;结果显示,红楠种子千粒质量为370.45g,生产发芽率为67%,移栽成活率为90%。     

乐昌含笑的生物学特性与芽苗移栽育苗技术

乐昌含笑是一种起源古老，树形优美，用途广泛的常绿阔叶树种，通过对该树种采种分布区的初步调查和播种育苗试验，比较系统地阐述了乐昌含笑的生物学特性与芽苗移栽育苗技术。     

常绿和落叶阔叶树叶中N和P的变化及转移

从叶完全展开到生长季结束对常绿阔叶树种铁冬青、红楠和海桐及落叶阔叶树种日本朴、银杏和木叶的N和P浓度进行了定期测定。结果表明,常绿阔叶树种新叶的N和P浓度从5—7月急剧下降,然后小幅波动,而老叶的N和P浓度变化缓慢。落叶阔叶树种的N和P浓度随着季节的推移而明显下降。大多数树种的P转移率大于N转移率。常绿阔叶树种的N和P的转移率大于落叶阔叶树种。     

米锥营养袋苗培育及造林技术

米锥是亚热带常绿阔叶林中的常见树种。文章介绍了米锥营养袋苗培育及其造林技术,包括米锥的种子采集贮藏方法、播种和芽苗培育、芽苗移植上袋、移袋分级管理、病虫害防治等育苗技术措施及其造林抚育技术。     

常绿叶落叶阔叶树叶中N和P的变化及转移

从叶完全展开到生长季结束对常绿阔叶树种铁冬青、红楠和海桐及落叶阔叶树种日本朴，银杏和Lai木叶的N和P浓度进行了定期测定。结果表明，常绿阔叶树种新叶的N和P浓度从5-7月急剧下降，然后小幅波动，而老叶的N和P浓度变化缓慢。落叶阔叶树种的N和P浓度随着季节的推移而明显下降。大多数树种的P转移率大N转移率。常绿阔叶树种的N和P的转移率大于落叶阔叶树种。     

红花木莲二年生大容器苗的基质试验

红花木莲近年来被开发为生态公益林兼珍贵用材树种.采用播种育苗方法,在大田高密度芽苗移栽,培育成1 a生地栽苗之后,翌年春季采用大容器(25 cm×25 cm)培育成2 a生苗,苗高100 cm左右的大容器苗直接用于造林.对红花木莲2a生容器苗的基质配方进行了比较研究,获得较佳的基质配方,依次为H11号、H12号和H13号.对其地上和地下部分的生长产生明显的促进作用,为开发这个珍稀乡土树种提供了有益的经验.     

香叶树芽苗切根育苗技术

香叶树俗名红果樟,为樟科山胡椒属常绿乔木,树干通直、树冠浓密、果实红色、生长迅速、适应性强。其人工林蓄积量明显高于杉木人工林,是南方优良用材和园林绿化树种。香叶树直播的苗木由于侧须根不发达影响其造林成活率,而芽苗切根移栽的苗木不仅茎干粗壮,侧须根发达,利于造林成活和提高生长量,还可以节约种子。现将香叶树芽苗切根移栽育苗技术介绍如下：     

樟树等三个阔叶树种芽苗移植选优试验

芽苗移植选优试验表明，樟树有优于刺槐、杜英等阔叶树种的特性。樟村芽苗属子开留土型幼苗，长到高2cm以上，在每年的4～6月份还能带籽移植，留土的胚乳及子叶在芽苗移植后，还能长时间供给幼苗萌发的养分，不打荫棚进行全光移植，成苗率也在85％左右。而杜英、刺槐属子叶出土型幼苗，在打荫棚的情况下，杜英能达到樟树全光移植的成苗率，在不打荫棚情况下，杜英成苗率低至20％以下。刺槐介于樟树与杜英之间。推广类似樟树子叶留土型的芽苗育苗直至植苗造林，都有积极的意义。     

移栽时间对光皮桦容器苗生长的影响

为培育出更多优质光皮桦(Betula luminifera H.Winkl)容器苗,以当年采种、当年播种、高度5—7cm芽苗为对象,研究6,7,8月移栽至轻基质容器中苗木的成活率、地径及高度情况.结果显示:3个时间段移栽苗木成活率分别为92.37％,83.44％,64.33％;地径分别为4.62,4.15,2.81 mm;苗高分别为58.2,52.79,19.48 cm,差异均达到极显著性水平(P<0.01).由此可见,8月移栽的苗木成活率低于国家造林技术规程中85％的标准,苗高低于丽水市光皮桦轻基质容器育苗技术规程中Ⅱ级苗20 cm的要求.因此,光皮桦芽苗移栽应尽量在7月底前完成,移栽时间适当提前有利于苗木生长.     

银白杨生长势的对比分析

对银白组织培养移栽和扦插繁殖的生长状况进行对比试验的结果表明：组培移栽苗年高生长平均73cm，年地径生长平均2.1cm，其生长速度分别比扦插繁殖苗快69.9％和76.2％，采用银白杨组培移栽苗技术不仅为其商品化发展提供了便利，同时也为快速繁殖银白杨树种提供了科学的理论依据。     

Season and substrate effects on the first-year establishment of current-year seedlings of major conifer species in an old-growth subalpine forest in central Japan

Seasonal and substrate effects on first-year seedling establishment of major conifer species (Abies mariesii, Abies veitchii, Picea jezoensis var. hondoensis, and Tsuga diversifolia) were assessed in an old-growth subalpine forest in central Japan. Older seedlings (≥1 year) were more abundant on woody debris (WD), such as fallen logs, than on soil. It is known that this preferential seedling establishment on WD is determined by the first-year seedling establishment. The present results indicate that first-summer seedling survivorship clearly contributes to the creation of such seedling–substrate associations, because mortality during the first-summer was greater on soil than WD but that during the first-autumn/winter was not different. Although the standardized mortality rate of current-year seedlings on WD was not so different among the three seasons, that on soil significantly decreased in the winter; indicating that soil is not an unsuitable substrate for seedling survivorship during snow-covered winter. Thus, it can be concluded that biotic and abiotic factors enhancing seedling mortality on soil are most active during summer, and seedling–substrate associations seem to be determined mainly during the first-summer soon after seedling emergence. Furthermore, the first-year survivorship of P. jezoensis var. hondoensis, which has smaller-sized seeds/seedlings that are disadvantageous for early survival, decreased with progressing WD decay toward soil. This suggests that the properties of WD also affect current-year seedling survivorship, especially for species sensitive to substrate properties. In conclusion, initial survivorship affects seedling bank dynamics, and such early dynamics are greatly regulated by the highly heterogeneous substrate availability on forest floors.     

水曲柳床播不同密度对苗木生长的影响

水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.)是东北地区三大珍贵硬阔叶用材树种之一,也是东北地区的重要造林树种。研究了不同育苗密度对水曲柳床播苗木生长的影响,结果表明,当密度达到100株/m^2时,为最优育苗密度,其苗高、地径、主根长、侧根数、生物量最优,有利于优质壮苗的培育。     

黧蒴栲田间育苗试验研究

对黧蒴栲的种子采集、处理,种子大小、千粒重、优良度及田间育苗方法进行了试验,对其苗木生物量分布及苗高生长规律进行了初步研究。结果表明:7月中旬至9月下旬为苗高生长高峰期,以8月生长最快,期间要加强肥水管理,促进苗木生长;1年生苗高平均63cm,平均地径0.60cm;大于5cmI级侧根数平均11条,根系发达,可出圃造林,但地下部分生物量较小,宜摘除部分叶子后造林以利于提高成活率。     

The unstable fate of seedlings of the small-seeded pioneer tree species, Betula maximowicziana

The dynamics of the seedling population of the pioneer tree, Betula maximowicziana, were studied for 6 years under various site conditions, with special reference to mortality and mortality factors, in order to better understand their seedling bank formation process. We found that current year seedlings suffered high annual mortality of more than 80%, but that mortality fell with age. Canopy covers and cohorts maintained strong influences on seedling mortality during the first 3 years after emergence. The open site with disturbed soil surface was best suited for 3-year seedling survival. Since the seedlings of B. maximowicziana emerged regardless of canopy covers, high seedling mortality was thought to be the main factor that interrupted their regeneration under a canopy. The occurrence of various hazards together caused high seedling mortality. The major mortality factors, regardless of site conditions, were drought, cold hazard and debilitation, though occurrence of the three factors varied, dependent upon the climate of that particular year. Annual mortality and the occurrence of each mortality factor at a fine scale of 0.2 m² quadrate each showed certain spatio-temporal variations within the same site condition. The extremely high mortality of B. maximowicziana seedlings should be attributed to their inherently small, initial size. The poor root system of the small seedlings may be responsible for their low resistance to various hazards, such as drought and frost heaving.     

Effects of seed mass and emergence time on seedling performance in Castanopsis chinensis

Seed mass and emergence time may influence fitness of plants. The experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of seed mass and emergence time on the performance of seedlings of Castanopsis chinensis, a large evergreen tree species with limited tolerance of shade. The treatment consisted of three light regimes: 100%, 15% and 2% of full sunlight. Germination rate and germination time showed a significant correlation with seed mass. Germination rate differed among the three light regimes. Early-emerging large-seeded seedlings in 100% light produced the heaviest seedlings, while those resulting from smaller late-emerging seeds and grown under 2% light regime produced the lightest seedlings. Relative growth rate (RGR) decreased with seed mass in all three light regimes, and seedlings of C. chinensis have a higher RGR in high and intermediate light levels compared to low light. In contrast, the effect of emergence time on RGR was not significant. The growth of C. chinensis seedlings were significantly influenced by seed size, emergence time, and light conditions. For each month, the mean height of seedlings was significantly greatest for large-seeded seedlings and significantly lowest for small-seeded ones, irrespective of emergence time and light conditions. Regeneration success of C. chinensis appears to be regulated by the interactive effect of seed mass, emergence time and light regime.     

安徽省毛竹实生苗造林苗木标准的探讨

以不同规格毛竹实生苗造林3年生试验结果为依据,综合考虑毛竹实生竹苗的生物学特性、生境地区性、苗木优质性、生产可行性、经济许可性、综合代表性等因素,制订了安徽省毛竹实生苗标准。生产实践表明,该标准对促进和提高毛竹育苗技术水平具有较大的激励作用,促进了毛竹实生苗造林质量的不断提高。     

小叶锦鸡儿1年生播种苗的生长规律

小叶锦鸡儿1年生播种苗苗高、地径的生长变化及生物量组分分配模式的研究结果表明，苗高、地径的生长规律符合S形生长曲线，可用Logistic方程拟合，整个生长期可划分为4个阶段，即出苗期、生长初期、生长盛期和生长后期，其中生长盛期苗高、地径的生长量分别占年生长量的63．7％和54．5％。小叶锦鸡儿播种苗根、茎、叶的生物量分配比例为：23．8：25．2：51．0，地下部分与地上部分生物量之比(R/T)为0．312。苗高、地径与生物量呈线性相关。且地径与地上部分生物量和总生物量的相关系数分别大于苗高与两者的相关系数。     

雨豆树播种前预处理对种子发芽和种苗发育的影响

播种前对雨豆树(Albizia saman (Jacq.) F. Muell.)的种子进行了5 种预先处理,研究种子预先处理对种子发芽和苗圃种苗发育的影响。实验是在孟加拉吉大港大学林业与环境研究所的苗圃进行。研究结果表明,在种子末端修剪(处理4)提高种子发芽率50%,在冷水中浸泡24 小时(处理1)提高种子发芽率42%,在开水中浸30 秒后再在冷水中浸泡24 小时(处理2),种子发芽完全被抑制。处理4 和处理1 的种子发芽率、种苗初期形态生长和生物量都明显高于对照组。因此,这2 种播种前的种子预处理方法,可用于提高雨豆树种子发芽率和促进早期壮苗生长。图2 表3 参30。     

不同杨树品系引种苗期生长规律与对比试验研究

本文在怀宁县皖河滩地进行了4个杨树品系：湘林77、80、90和南林95的引种育苗试验，供试面积6．67hm2；2008年5月20日至10月20日，在不同品系杨树苗木中随机抽取一个标准行苗木，每隔15天调查一次地径、苗高，以进行不同杨树品系苗木生长规律与对比试验研究。结果表明：杨树4品系地径、苗高生长均随时间呈线性增加；不同品系苗木地径和苗高生长差异显著，南林95和湘林80表现最佳。     

杨树烂皮病的防治技术

从4个方面论述了杨树烂皮病的发生规律及危害性。