鸡爪绵核桃坚果质量与坚果三径变异及相关性研究

对鸡爪绵核桃坚果质量和坚果三径的变异及相关性进行研究。结果表明：鸡爪绵核桃果实形态在采样点间及采样点内均存在着显著差异。3个采样点间果实总体变异幅度最大的是坚果质量10．55-21．05g（变异系数CV为13．44％）,其次是纵侧径比3．03～4．44（变异系数CV为8．31％）,侧横径比的变异幅度最小0．92～1．23（变畀系数CV为4．50％）;采样点内变异幅度最大的是坚果质量,最小的是侧横径比。不同采样点间坚果横径与侧径呈紧密线性相关,坚果的质量与坚果3径均达到极显著线性相关,可根据多元回归方程对坚果质量进行预测。     

川西地区毛叶木姜子的表型多样性研究

[目的]通过对川西地区毛叶木姜子的表型性状调查,研究其表型变异程度和变异规律,探讨毛叶木姜子的表型特征,为川西地区毛叶木姜子种质资源的保存和利用、良种选育提供科学依据。[方法]在川西地区随机选取具有代表性的56株毛叶木姜子实生单株,对果实、叶片、种子等13个表型性状进行系统比较分析,采用变异系数、方差分析、相关分析、主成分分析等方法,探讨川西地区毛叶木姜子表型多样性。[结果](1)从变异系数和方差分析结果来看,试验区内毛叶木姜子表型性状间存在丰富的变异,且变异幅度大。其中,果实百粒质量的变异系数最大,为15.93%;果形指数的变异系数最小,为2.31%。(2)在相关分析中,各性状间不同程度地存在着极显著或显著的差异。(3)主成分分析显示,果实纵径、果实横径、果实百粒质量、种子纵径、种子横径、种子百粒质量是影响毛叶木姜子表型多样性的主导因子。[结论]毛叶木姜子表型性状变异丰富、变异程度各不相同;表型性状间具有协调发育的特点;果实纵径等6个性状是影响其表型多样性的主导因子。     

君迁子天然群体表型变异研究

以君迁子（Diospyros lotus）的13个天然群体为研究对象,对其果实纵径、果实横径、叶片纵径、叶片横径、种子长、种子宽、种子千粒重、2年生苗高、地径等9个表型性状的变异进行研究。结果表明：君迁子性状在不同群体间的果实、叶片和种子等表型均存在变异。果实分为长椭圆形和扁椭圆形2种。叶片的表型性状在种群间和种群内都存在变异,变异系数都超过了10%。群体间种子大小差异明显,群体间种子千粒重变化很大,桑植群体的千粒重为济源群体的4.25倍;群体内比较一致,个体间种子千粒重变异系数有9个群体小于3%,12个群体小于4%。2年生苗高、地径在群体间存在显著差异,其中卢氏群体的生长表现最好,苗高为94.70 cm,地径为16.7 mm;分宜群体生长表现最差,苗高为13.05 cm,地径为2.9 mm。多数表型性状与地理因子纬度、经度成正相关,与海拔成负相关。聚类分析显示,11个君迁子群体可分为4类,群体间的分类并没有依据地理距离的远近而聚类,说明君迁子群体间表型性状变异的不连续性。     

大别山山核桃天然群体种实性状表型多样性

在大别山山核桃天然分布区选择3个有代表性的居群,对当年生大别山山核桃的果长、果宽、果形比、壳厚及单果重5个表型性状进行了测定和分析。结果显示,大别山山核桃果实的表型性状在居群间和居群内存在着广泛变异。经显著性检验,5个性状在居群内F值为0.48~2.12,居群间F值为41.64~76.02,差异均达到显著或极显著水平。表型性状中变异系数最大的是壳厚,最小的为果形比。     

5个种源文冠果果实和种子表型性状变异分析

为了准确了解引种文冠果种源的性状变异情况,从而为文冠果良种的选育提供理论依据,对引种的5个种源文冠果果实和种子的表型性状进行了调查与统计,并对其变异情况进行了分析。结果表明:5个种源文冠果果实和种子的11个表型性状在种源间、种源内都存在着极显著差异;文冠果果实和种子11个表型性状的遗传变异系数为0.49%~25.70%,说明其表型性状的变异比较丰富;其中的单果鲜质量、果实纵径、果实横径、种子横径、种子纵径、单果籽粒数是文冠果果实和种子的6个重要经济性状指标,这6个性状指标与其他性状指标间有着不同程度的相关关系。     

山茱萸种质资源表型性状多样性及相关性分析

为了给山茱萸种质筛选和新品种选育提供参考依据,对选自河南山茱萸主产区8个居群的43份具有代表性的山茱萸种质资源的果实纵横径、种子纵横径、果实百粒质量、种子百粒质量、果肉干质量、出肉率、出药率等表型指标进行了测定,并分析了其变异系数和各个性状指标间的相关性。测定结果显示:果实纵径、果实横径、果柄长、种子纵径、果实百粒质量、种子百粒质量、果肉干质量和出药率的变异系数均高于10%,说明这些性状在不同个体间的差异较大,多样性丰富;而种子横径和出肉率的变异系数均低于10%,说明这些性状的变异比较小,遗传稳定性较高。相关性分析结果表明:果实百粒质量和果肉干质量与果实纵横径的相关性较高,其中果实百粒质量与果实纵、横径的相关系数分别为0.788和0.881(P0.01),果肉干质量与果实纵、横径的相关性系数分别为0.646和0.649(P0.01),说明果实纵横径是影响果实百粒质量和果肉干质量的重要因素;而出肉率和出药率与果肉干质量呈极显著性正相关(其相关系数分别0.605和0.536,P0.01),这表明果肉干质量是影响山茱萸出肉率和出药率的关键因素。     

山西省中国沙棘天然种群优树表型变异研究

[目的 ]为揭示山西省中国沙棘天然种群优树表型变异规律及其与生态因子的关系,为沙棘遗传资源收集、保存和品种创制提供技术支撑。[方法 ]以山西省中国沙棘天然种群分布区为研究对象,调查了11个中国沙棘天然种群110个优良单株的10个表型性状指标,采用方差分析和变异系数研究种群优树间的表型变异;应用相关分析揭示表型性状间及其与生态因子间的相关性;运用主成分分析和聚类分析进行了种群优树分类。[结果 ]中国沙棘10个表型性状在不同种群优树间呈显著(p 0.05)或极显著(p 0.01)差异,中国沙棘天然种群优树表型性状的平均变异系数为5.23%～37.42%。中国沙棘果实横径与果实纵径、百果质量、种子千粒质量、当年枝长均呈极显著(p 0.01)正相关,与果形指数、结实密度呈极显著(p 0.01)负相关;种子千粒质量与果实横径、果实纵径、百果质量呈极显著(p 0.01)正相关;果形指数、果柄长、当年枝长与纬度因子呈极显著(p 0.01)负相关;果实横径、果实纵径、百果质量、种子千粒质量、当年枝长与海拔因子呈极显著(p 0.01)正相关。主成分分析结果表明:隰县种群优树的综合得分最高,五寨种群优树的综合得分最低。利用种群间欧式距离进行聚类分析,将11个中国沙棘天然种群优树分为4类,揭示了山西省中国沙棘优树表型性状未形成连续变异规律,具有随机变异的特点。[结论 ]山西省中国沙棘天然种群优树间存在丰富的表型变异。隰县种群优树的综合性状表现最好,可参考作为中国沙棘优良种质资源收集的重点区域。     

白花树天然群体表型多样性研究

调查了9个群体的14个表型性状,采用巢式方差分析、变异系数、相关分析和聚类分析等方法,分析了群体间和群体内表型多样性.结果表明:白花树表型性状在群体间和群体内都存在丰富的变异,群体间表型分化系数为59.08％,大于群体内变异;侧枝、叶片、果实和种子4类表型性状的平均变异系数分别为31.02％、16.85％、8.2％和6...     

百色地区香合欢种子表型性状变异分析

为了揭示香合欢自然居群表型变异程度和规律,本研究采用方差分析、多重比较、相关性分析等方法,对百色地区6个居群香合欢种子的5个表型性状进行比较研究,讨论居群间和居群内的表型多样性。结果表明:香合欢种子的5个性状在居群内和局群间均存在丰富的变异,平均变异系数在10.68%~49.30%之间,各性状在居群间、居群内个体间均达极显著差异;各性状平均表型分化系数为47.36%,居群间(31.67%)变异略大于居群内(28.67%)变异,说明二者均是香合欢的主要变异来源。种子性状均与海拔呈正相关,与年均降水量呈负相关,但未达到显著水平。研究结果可为香合欢良种选育工作奠定基础,对进一步保护和利用香合欢种质资源具有一定的指导意义。     

野生多花黄精种群表型变异研究

为了解不同种群野生多花黄精的表型变异规律,运用方差分析、变异系数分析、多重比较分析、相关分析、聚类分析等多种数理统计分析方法,对其全分布区选取的9个种群和12个表型指标进行了研究。结果表明:野生多花黄精的12个表型性状除果实横纵比外,在种群间和种群内均存在显著或极显著的差异;种群内的变异(36.24%)大于种群间的变异(15.37%),表型性状的平均分化系数为28.84%,种群内变异是野生多花黄精变异的主要来源;各表型性状的平均变异系数为12.16%,变异幅度范围为4.76%~23.63%,叶片数、全株叶面积、地径、株高、种子千粒重的变异系数分别为18.00%、23.63%、16.88%、16.14%、14.75%,表明种子的稳定性高于叶和茎。经度多数表型性状间呈显著或极显著负相关关系,随着经度的增加,叶片数、地径、株高、果实纵径和种子千粒重均呈现减小趋势;采用欧氏距离对9个野生种群进行聚类分析,可以将种群划分为3类,但表型性状的聚类并不随地理距离上的相聚而聚为一类。     

山东百部的表型分化研究

对山东百部4个种群进行了表型多样性分析。通过叶长、叶宽、叶长／叶宽、叶脉数、叶轮生数和茎节长的变异分析,探讨了种群间和种群内的表型多样性。山东百部表型性状在种群间和种群内均存在着极其丰富的变异,种群平均表型分化系数（VST）为45．8362％,种群内的变异略高于种群间的变异。利用种群间欧氏距离进行的UPGMA聚类分析表明,可以将4个种群划分为3类。     

Phenotypic variation in Phoebe bournei populations preserved in the primary distribution area

Phoebe bournei(Hemsl.) Yang is a rare and protected plant in China. This study was conducted to determine the phenotypic variation in this species and to document phenotypic variation within and among populations of P. bournei. Nested analysis of variance, coefficient of variation, multiple comparisons, principal component analysis(PCA) and correlation analysis were used to analyze ten phenotypic traits in ten natural populations of P.bournei from both the northeastern and the primary region of the range of this species. Significant differences among and within populations were observed in leaf and seed phenotypic traits. Variation among populations(34.92%)was greater than that within populations(26.19%). The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 53.77%among populations, indicating that variation among populations comprised the majority of the phenotypic variation of P. bournei. The coefficient of variance(CV) of ten traits varied from 6.44 to 18.45%, with an average of 12.03%.The CV of leaf traits among populations(15.64%) was higher than that of seed traits(8.60%), indicating that seed traits were more stable. The results from CV and PCA indicated that leaf area, leaf length and thousand seed weight were the main factors accounting for the observed phenotypic variations. Significant or highly significant correlations were observed among most leaf and/or in seed phenotypic traits, whereas no significant correlations were observed between phenotypic traits and geographic factors.Based on cluster analysis, the ten populations can be divided into three clusters. These clusters were not a result of geographic distances.     

大别山山核桃果实与叶片性状的表型多样性研究

[目的]探讨大别山山核桃天然种群的表型多样性,为种质资源收集、优选、改良提供理论支持,为大别山山核桃的开发利用奠定基础。[方法]从19个大别山山核桃天然种群中选取198个单株,测定其果实和叶片的表型性状共16个,采用巢式方差分析,单因素方差分析,相关性分析,非加权配对算数平均法(UPGMA)等方法揭示大别山山核桃表型性状与地理分布的关系及其变异规律。[结果](1)大别山山核桃的16个表型性状在种群间和种群内均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),表明大别山山核桃的表型多样性非常丰富;(2)各表型性状的变异范围为1.64%-26.59%,平均变异系数为9.63%;果实表型与叶片表型的种群内平均变异系数分别为6.16%和15.42%,果实表型平均变异系数较小,性状相对稳定;(3)表型性状间的相关性分析表明,性状间达极显著相关的有60对,达显著相关的11对;(4)种群间和种群内的平均方差分量百分比分别为49.28%和17.53%,平均表型分化系数为66.25%,表明大别山山核桃表型变异主要来自种群间;(5)当距离系数为0.04时,19个种群被分为4类,聚类情况基本与经度的变化一致。     

栀子野生居群叶片和果实性状的表型多样性

栀子(Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis)为茜草科止血、消肿等作用,在中医临床常用于治疗黄疸型肝(Rubiaceae)栀子属(Gardenia)常绿灌木,广泛分布炎、扭挫伤、高血压、糖尿病等症[2];作为优质的天然于长江以南各省区[1],它是重要的森林食品及药材色素,其提取物常添加在面条、糖果等食品中[3-4];资源。其干燥成熟果实具有护肝、利胆、降压、镇静、因其果肉含有抗癌作用的藏红花素、藏红花酸、苦红     

同一区域不同分布高度葛萝槭表型性状变异分析

为了解同一区域不同分布高度葛萝槭种群表型变异程度及变异规律,对来自河北省灵寿县五岳寨地区3个分布高度葛萝槭种群进行单果质量、单果皮质量、果长、果宽、果厚、果实长宽比、单种质量、种长、种宽、种厚、种子长宽比及种子千粒质量等12个表型性状进行观测,采用平均值、变异系数、方差分析及相关性分析等方法进行分析.结果 表明:同一区...     

Phenotypic variation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phoebe bournei</Emphasis> populations preserved in the primary distribution area

Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Yang is a rare and protected plant in China. This study was conducted to determine the phenotypic variation in this species and to document phenotypic variation within and among populations of P. bournei. Nested analysis of variance, coefficient of variation, multiple comparisons, principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were used to analyze ten phenotypic traits in ten natural populations of P. bournei from both the northeastern and the primary region of the range of this species. Significant differences among and within populations were observed in leaf and seed phenotypic traits. Variation among populations (34.92%) was greater than that within populations (26.19%). The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 53.77% among populations, indicating that variation among populations comprised the majority of the phenotypic variation of P. bournei. The coefficient of variance (CV) of ten traits varied from 6.44 to 18.45%, with an average of 12.03%. The CV of leaf traits among populations (15.64%) was higher than that of seed traits (8.60%), indicating that seed traits were more stable. The results from CV and PCA indicated that leaf area, leaf length and thousand seed weight were the main factors accounting for the observed phenotypic variations. Significant or highly significant correlations were observed among most leaf and/or in seed phenotypic traits, whereas no significant correlations were observed between phenotypic traits and geographic factors. Based on cluster analysis, the ten populations can be divided into three clusters. These clusters were not a result of geographic distances.     

山东稀有植物小果白刺天然群体表型变异研究

[目的]研究山东小果白刺的表型变异程度及变异规律。[方法]采用方差分析、相关分析、聚类分析等分析方法,对山东小果白刺5个群体种实和叶片的10个表型性状进行了比较分析。[结果]群体内变异是山东小果白刺表型变异的主要来源;各性状群体间表型分化系数的变幅为20.20%60.70%,平均值为40.71%;所有性状的变异系数平均值为9.34%,各器官的表型变异程度有叶片大小(8.99%)﹥种子大小(7.74%)﹥果实大小(6.77%)和种子形状(10.22%)﹥叶片形状(6.70%)﹥果实形状(4.35%);小果白刺10个表型性状间大多呈显著或极显著的相关关系;5个小果白刺群体被聚合成2类。[结论]山东小果白刺种实及叶片表型性状在群体间和群体内存在丰富的表型变异,其地理变异规律遵照随机变异模式。该研究结果为小果白刺种质资源的保存提供了依据。     

Phenotypic variation in thirteen native provenances of Lespedeza bicolor Turcz

Lespedeza bicolor Turcz is a native shrub in the temperate region of China. Thirteen provenances of L. bicolor were inves-tigated in our study. Morphological diversity among and within provenances were analyzed based on 19 phenotypic traits, including seven vegetative growth characteristics, nine floral traits and three pod characteristics. The coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 6.4% to 65.4% and the phenotypic differentiation coefficient from 43.3% to 97.3%. Analyses of variance showed that there were extremely significant variations among and within provenances in pod length. Differences in plant height, inter-nodal length, number of branches, leaf width, leaf length and leaf area were not remarkable among provenance, but distinct within provenances. Other traits showed evidence of contrasts. Variation among provenances was the main part of phenotypic variation. Correlation analysis indicated that there were highly significant positive correlations between plant height and other vegetative growth characteristics. Floral traits were not associated with vegetative growth characteristics. The 13 provenances of L. bicolor investigated can be classi-fied into three groups according to a UPGMA cluster analysis.