大别山山核桃果实与叶片性状的表型多样性研究

目的]探讨大别山山核桃天然种群的表型多样性,为种质资源收集、优选、改良提供理论支持,为大别山山核桃的开发利用奠定基础。方法]从19个大别山山核桃天然种群中选取198个单株,测定其果实和叶片的表型性状共16个,采用巢式方差分析,单因素方差分析,相关性分析,非加权配对算数平均法(UPGMA)等方法揭示大别山山核桃表型性状与地理分布的关系及其变异规律。结果](1)大别山山核桃的16个表型性状在种群间和种群内均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),表明大别山山核桃的表型多样性非常丰富;(2)各表型性状的变异范围为1.64%-26.59%,平均变异系数为9.63%;果实表型与叶片表型的种群内平均变异系数分别为6.16%和15.42%,果实表型平均变异系数较小,性状相对稳定;(3)表型性状间的相关性分析表明,性状间达极显著相关的有60对,达显著相关的11对;(4)种群间和种群内的平均方差分量百分比分别为49.28%和17.53%,平均表型分化系数为66.25%,表明大别山山核桃表型变异主要来自种群间;(5)当距离系数为0.04时,19个种群被分为4类,聚类情况基本与经度的变化一致。

Study on Phenotypic Diversity of Fruit and Leaf Traits in Carya dabieshanensis

Objective]To study the phenotypic diversity of natural population of Carya dabieshanensis so as to provide theoretical supports for the collection,selection and improvement of germplasm resources,and lay a foundation for the development and utilization of C.dabieshanensis.Method]198 C.dabieshanensis individuals were selected from 19 natural populations and 16 phenotypic characters of the fruits and leaves were investigated and determined.These data obtained were processed using nested analysis,One-Way ANOVA analysis,correlation analysis,and Un-weighted pairing average algorithm to reveal the relationship between phenotypic traits and geographical distribution of C.dabieshanensis and its variation.Result](1)There were significant differences for 16 traits in phenotypic variation among and within populations(P<0.01),indicating that the phenotypic diversity of C.dabieshanensis was very abundant.(2)The variation of 16 phenotypic traits ranged from 1.64% to 26.59%,and the average coefficient of variation was 9.63%.The average variation coefficients of fruit and leaf characters were 6.16%and 15.42%,respectively.Because of the smaller variation coefficient of fruit phenotype,the traits were relatively stable.(3)The results of correlation analysis of phenotypic traits showed that there were 60 pairs with extremely significant correlation among characters and 11 pairs with significant correlation.(4)The percentage of mean variance components among and within populations were 49.28%and 17.53%respectively.The average phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 66.25%,indicating that the phenotypic variation of C.dabieshanensis was mainly attributed to among populations.(5)The 19 populations could be divided into 4 categories when the distance coefficient was 0.04.The clustering was basically consistent with the change of longitude.