苗木活力评价指标及体系研究述评

苗木形态指标、生理指标和苗木活力的表现指标是评价苗木质量的3个主要方面，作者重点阐述了当前国内外学者对苗木活力评价指标及其体系的研究，包括直接指标和间接指标的研究，并对其研究及发展的历程进行了简明扼要的论述。     

毛瓣金花茶扦插苗质量影响因子研究初报

为给毛瓣金花茶苗木繁育和应用提供服务和科学依据，对毛瓣金花茶温室大棚扦插苗的叶鲜重、苗高、地径等9个性状指标及其关系进行了测定研究，结果表明：毛瓣金花茶扦插苗高指标的特征向量值达96.09%,能体现苗木质量水平，是苗木质量评价的主要指标；特征向量值次之是叶鲜重和茎鲜重，苗高是毛瓣金花茶扦插苗木评价主要质量指标。     

苗木质量评价的研究现状与趋势

如何正确评价苗木质量的问题正受到普遍关注。本文对苗木质量评价的研究现状做了简要介绍。评价苗木质量的指标主要有苗木水分状况,矿物质含量,碳水化合物储量,芽休眠状态,形质指标,根生长潜力,抗冻性和抗逆性等。文章对以上指标的测定方法及各自的特点做了简述,并分析了存在的问题与发展方向。     

苗木质量综合评价与控制的研究

从适地适苗、多指标综合评价苗木质量等4个方面论述了如何进行苗木质量的综合评价及控制。     

造林用苗木质量评价研究进展综述

在阐述苗高、根体积、矿质营养等形态、生理和活力指标的基础上,综述了20世纪80年代以来国内外苗木质量评价研究情况,提出苗木质量评价应坚持分阶段、多指标、动态评价的原则,并用造林数据验证苗木质量调控技术,旨在为苗木质量研究提供参考。     

现代苗木质量评价的生理指标

本文对苗木质量评价的生理指标进行了系统论述，指出现代苗木质量评价的生理指标主要有苗木水份、矿质营养、碳水化合物、导电能力、叶绿素含量、根系活力、芽休眠及其他生理指标。论述了各生理指标的作用、重要性和研究现状及方向。     

国外苗木质量研究进展

上世纪70年代至90年代末, 国外有关苗木质量的综述很多。经过10多年的研究, 人们对根体积、侧根数、矿质营养等形态和生理指标与苗木造林效果的关系有了更为深刻的认识。文中在这些综述的基础上, 结合最近的研究进展, 对国外苗木质量的研究现状和未来发展趋势进行了综述。针对评价苗木质量的各项指标, 分析了其测定方法和评价苗木质量的能力, 并系统探讨了苗木质量、立地条件和造林效果之间的关系。     

互叶白千层扦插苗质量评价及分级标准

对四川犍为地区引种栽培的互叶白千层扦插苗进行抽样调查,采用相关性分析、“x¯±s”法和主成分分析法对其苗木质量进行评价和苗木分级研究。结果表明:评定互叶白千层苗木质量可以苗高(H)、地径(D)和全株生物量作为表型指标,结合主根数量,并辅以根系长度作为辅助参考综合评价指标。提出了以苗高和地径作为该树种苗木分级的质量指标,并得出互叶白千层扦插苗的3级分级标准,Ⅰ级苗木:苗高>17.66 cm,地径>1.98 mm;Ⅱ级苗木:苗高为11.48~17.66 cm,地径为1.36~1.98 mm;Ⅲ级苗木:苗高<11.48 cm,地径<1.36 mm。可为互叶白千层苗木分级和筛选提供一定的理论依据。     

基于人工智能的苗木质量无损检测研究进展

我国森林面积广域，人工林面积居世界首位。为了确保质优量足的苗木进一步提升苗木造林效果，苗木质量的无损检测成为苗木质量精准快速评价的关键。文中概述人工智能理论与算法在苗木质量的形态、生理和活力指标3个方面的无损检测应用现状；针对传统检测指标单一、效率低和主观误差大的问题，指出综合应用图像采集、数字图像处理和机器学习技术的人工智能算法与理论在苗木质量评价指标检测领域具有明显优势，并从检测技术融合、提升检测算法和多源数据融合等方面进行展望，旨在为苗木质量快速精准评价提供参考。     

房山区加强冬季苗木管理工作

为更好的提升绿化成果．提高苗木质量及苗圃管理水平，房山区全面开展苗木冬季管理工作。一是通知各育苗户清点苗木，统计苗木规格、数量等内业工作：二是做好苗木冬剪、圃地清理工作，预防虫卵在杂草内越冬。三是做好苗木冬季防寒工作．通过在苗木周围设置风障、架设防寒布、捆草把等使苗木减轻冻害；四是适时浇灌冻水，增强苗木抗寒能力．确保植物安全过冬。     

云南热区七种乡土阔叶树种容器育苗试验研究

针对云南热区乡土阔叶树种容器育苗中存在的主要问题,提出了7种目的树种容器育苗的育苗基质配制、苗期施肥方法以及苗木质量分级标准,在育苗容器选择上,建议选择中、小容器,以降低育苗成本。     

世界形态改良苗木生产技术发展现状和趋势

从充分发挥林木遗传改良种子的增产潜力出发，综合世界林业生产先进国家在形态改良苗木培育领域的经验，介绍了几项目前在我国可行的，能有效利用种子，培育出以提高根系质量为中心的苗木培育技术。     

世界容器苗研究、生产现状和我国发展对策

文章综述了容器苗生产和研究的现状。为克服根系畸形，改进苗木生理品质，先后采用了改变容器形状、空气断根、化学断根和改变苗型等措施；控制光周期、改变施肥方式和减少化学制剂应用的研究正在发展和应用；基质的生产也开始商品化。容器苗生产先进国家已形成一套从种子处理、苗木培育到造林的科学体系。并针对我国情况，提出了发展容器苗生产的建议。     

利用计算机视觉对苗木自动分级的研究

苗木分级是提高造林苗木成活率的一个重要手段,对植树造林、绿化环境有十分重要的意义。本文在对目前苗木自动分级文献理解和综合的基础上,首先通过对苗木分级技术和分级理论的研究,揭示了自动分级技术的发展背景和理论基础。进而对苗木形态参数的光电测量和计算机视觉测量等自动测量方法进行了分析和研究,阐述了现有的苗木自动分级系统所采用的分级理论和方法,并对其性能进行了概要的评述。最后,基于对苗木自动分级问题的理解,提出了苗木自动分级方法的一些展望。参31。     

一种嫁接扦插合一的楸树快速培育方法

为解决楸树苗木繁殖慢、嫁接周期短、常规嫁接后保存率低、培育成苗时间长、苗木商品性低等问题,以梓树硬枝作为砧木进行种间嫁接,楸树带木质部芽接后,扦插育苗。利用嫁接扦插合一的楸树快速培育方法,鲁楸1号扦插生根率与成活率比普通方法分别提高20%和40%。本实验的扦插生根率达到100%,成活率达到98%以上,大降低了生产成本,加快了育苗速度。     

云南高氏甜龙竹苗木质量分级及造林效果

为保障高氏甜龙竹（商品名）苗木质量,提高造林效果,在昆明市嵩明县、富民县,保山市昌宁县,玉溪市元江县开展了播种育苗和扦插育苗试验,以苗高、地径为分级指标研究了高氏甜龙竹1年生苗的分级标准。结果显示,不同地区苗木的分级标准具有一定差异,其中富民县和元江县对Ⅰ级苗的要求较高,富民县Ⅰ级播种苗要求苗高≥8.31 m、地径≥4.63 cm,元江县Ⅰ级扦插苗要求苗高≥6.55 m、地径≥3.67 cm。高氏甜龙竹不同育苗方式,其苗木生长状况存在差异,表现为播种苗的各项生长指标均好于扦插苗,特别是根系的生长状况和每丛株数,播种苗的平均根系数量、根系总质量、每丛株数分别是扦插苗的7.07倍、7.13倍和6.69倍,表明播种苗以后的生长潜力更大。不同等级的高氏甜龙竹苗木的造林效果,无论是播种苗还是扦插苗,Ⅰ级苗的造林成活率均达到100%,Ⅱ级苗的造林成活率也可达到95%以上,Ⅲ级苗的造林成活率均低于82%。     

Machine vision for conifer seedling quality control

A PC-based line-scan machine vision system providing rapid measurement of bare-root seedling morphological features has been developed. Designed for quality control and morphological data acquisition by nursery personnel, the machine provides a user-friendly, menu-driven graphical interface. Individual seedlings are manually placed on a conveyor belt and inspected in less than 0.25 seconds.The machine automatically locates the root collar and measures stem diameter, shoot height, sturdiness ratio, root mass length, projected shoot and root area, shoot-root area ratio, and percent fine roots. Sample statistics are computed for each measured feature. Measurements for each seedling may be stored for later analysis. Feature measurements may be compared with multi-class quality criteria to determine sample quality or to perform multi-class sorting. Statistical summary and classification reports may be printed to facilitate the communication of quality concerns with grading personnel.Tests were conducted at a USDA Forest Service nursery to evaluate measurement precision. Four quality control personnel measured root collar diameter, shoot height, and root mass length on 100 2--0 Douglas fir and 100 2--0 Ponderosa pine seedlings. The same seedlings were inspected four times by the machine. Root collar diameter measurement standard deviation of the machine was 25% that of manual measurements. Machine and manual measurements had comparable precision for shoot height and root mass length.     

Quantifying root system quality of nursery seedlings and relationship to outplanting performance

With over 1.5 billion forest tree seedlings produced annually in the USA, seedling quality assessment is critical to ensure reforestation success. While height and root-collar diameter are the most common traits evaluated during seedling quality assessment, above-ground morphology is not always an accurate predictor of performance after outplanting. Root system morphology and physiological status may provide a more accurate indication of seedling potential. However, relatively few studies have attempted to quantitatively assess root system quality in relation to outplanting success. Large root volume, high root fibrosity, and an increased number of first-order lateral roots have shown some correlation to improved field performance. Physiological seedling quality assessment is commonly practiced through evaluation of root growth potential. Other tests, such as root electrolyte leakage, have also shown some potential as measures of seedling physiological quality. This review identifies current methods of assessing seedling root system quality and discusses potential shortcomings of these methods. An increased understanding of the suitability of current tests, coupled with the development of new tests and multiple parameter relationships, may foster the development of species and site-specific targets for seedling root system quality assessment. The production of seedlings with root systems that meet high morphological and physiological standards better enables seedlings to rapidly establish and thrive upon outplanting.     

Using morphological characteristics for assessing seedling vitality in small-scale tree nurseries in Kenya

Small-scale tree nurseries are important in fulfilling the goals of reforestation and agroforestry implementation schemes in Kenya and other developing countries. The focus in seedling production has been on quantity, instead of quality, but a change can be seen in recent tree nursery manuals. These manuals are emphasising morphological characteristics as tools for assessing potential field performance of seedlings. However, morphological criteria are debatable and their value is questioned. A survey was carried out among tree nursery operators in the Meru area, in the Eastern province of Kenya, to determine how operators perceived seedling vitality, and how they separated acceptable seedlings from those of poor vitality. Based on the survey, 3 pairs of criteria were chosen, size (tall versus small), colour (green versus yellowish), and sturdiness quotient (sturdy versus lanky). These criteria were tested on survival and growth in a field trial, a controlled bench trial, and in a root growth potential test. The results showed that the nursery operators were aware of quality differences in seedlings, but they did not cull accordingly. The results from the field trial showed that mango (Mangifera indica L.) performed poorly compared to grevillea (Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex. R. Br.), probably due to the high altitude. The altitudinal range for mango and grevillea are 0-1,200 m and 0-2,300 m, respectively, and the trial site was located on an altitude of 1,725 m. In grevillea, small seedlings grew better than tall in the field trial, but no differences could be found in the other trials. In mango, sturdy seedlings grew better than lanky ones in the field trial, while in the controlled trials tall seedlings grew better than small ones. The results showed that morphological characteristics as seedling quality assessment criteria could be unreliable as the effect differs with species and planting site.