苗木活力评价指标及体系研究述评

苗木形态指标、生理指标和苗木活力的表现指标是评价苗木质量的3个主要方面，作者重点阐述了当前国内外学者对苗木活力评价指标及其体系的研究，包括直接指标和间接指标的研究，并对其研究及发展的历程进行了简明扼要的论述。     

造林用苗木质量评价研究进展综述

在阐述苗高、根体积、矿质营养等形态、生理和活力指标的基础上,综述了20世纪80年代以来国内外苗木质量评价研究情况,提出苗木质量评价应坚持分阶段、多指标、动态评价的原则,并用造林数据验证苗木质量调控技术,旨在为苗木质量研究提供参考。     

苗木质量综合评价与控制的研究

从适地适苗、多指标综合评价苗木质量等4个方面论述了如何进行苗木质量的综合评价及控制。     

出圃苗木质量评价的几个主要指标

出圃苗木质量的优劣关系着造林的成与败。质量优良的苗木,有利于达到速生丰产优质的指标。虽然有人提出了用苗木的形态指标（苗高、地径、高径比、苗木重量、根系、茎根比等）、生理指标、生长表现指标评价苗木质量,但由于这些指标有些易于观察、掌握,有些则受检验条件和技术要求的限制难以把握。     

国外苗木质量研究进展

上世纪70年代至90年代末, 国外有关苗木质量的综述很多。经过10多年的研究, 人们对根体积、侧根数、矿质营养等形态和生理指标与苗木造林效果的关系有了更为深刻的认识。文中在这些综述的基础上, 结合最近的研究进展, 对国外苗木质量的研究现状和未来发展趋势进行了综述。针对评价苗木质量的各项指标, 分析了其测定方法和评价苗木质量的能力, 并系统探讨了苗木质量、立地条件和造林效果之间的关系。     

评价出圃苗木质量的几个主要指标

出圃苗木质量的优劣关系着造林的成与败,质量优良的苗木,有利于达到速生丰产优质的指标。虽然刘勇等人提出了用苗木的形态指标(苗高、地径、高径比、苗木重量、根系、茎根比等)、生理指标、生长表现指标评价苗木质量,但由于这些指标有些易于观察、掌握,有些则受检验条件和技术要求的限制难以把握。所以,如何利用易测的苗木形态指标快速确定苗木质量,则是生产部门急需解决的课题。现结合多年的观察和实践,就几项可行,易于操作和观察的苗木形态评价指标简介如下。     

基于人工智能的苗木质量无损检测研究进展

我国森林面积广域，人工林面积居世界首位。为了确保质优量足的苗木进一步提升苗木造林效果，苗木质量的无损检测成为苗木质量精准快速评价的关键。文中概述人工智能理论与算法在苗木质量的形态、生理和活力指标3个方面的无损检测应用现状；针对传统检测指标单一、效率低和主观误差大的问题，指出综合应用图像采集、数字图像处理和机器学习技术的人工智能算法与理论在苗木质量评价指标检测领域具有明显优势，并从检测技术融合、提升检测算法和多源数据融合等方面进行展望，旨在为苗木质量快速精准评价提供参考。     

侧柏苗木主要生理指标的研究

侧柏1年生苗在不同程度的干旱胁迫下,根水势、须根外渗液电导率、细胞膜破损率、须根导电能力和造林成活率都发生了变化,经测定和分析,作者认为:苗木根水势、须根外渗液电导率和导电能力在反映苗木质量方面是一致的,能够准确地评价苗。本的生命活力,可以作为评价侧柏苗木质量的生理指标。并认为,应用BLY植物组织活力测定仪测定苗木须根的导电能力,是测定苗木生理活性的简便方法。     

水分胁迫下臭椿幼苗几个生理指标的变化

臭椿苗木在水分胁迫下,相对含水量、叶绿素含量降低,质膜进性增大。随着水分胁迫时间的延长,苗木这几项生理指标所受的影响程度也加重。臭椿不同年龄阶段的苗木抗性不同。叶片质膜透性、相对含水量、叶绿素含量等指标,可作为评价臭椿苗木早期抗旱生理指标。     

容器苗质量评定指标研究

对大叶樟、猴欢喜、木莲3种容器苗的多个形态指标进行测定，并研究其根系水势和根生长潜力的关系，结果表明，容器苗地径和全苗干重与各形态指标间显著相关，是反映容器苗质量的重要形态指标；苗木根系水势和根生长潜力回归极显著，是苗木质量评价重要的生理指标和活力指标。     

苗木生理与质量研究进展

综述了矿质营养、碳水化合物含量、水分状况、生长调节物质含量、耐寒能力等苗木生理状况与质量的关系。对根生长势、电阻抗等10种苗木质量生理指标的测定方法作了简要介绍。     

苗木质量评价的研究现状与趋势

如何正确评价苗木质量的问题正受到普遍关注。本文对苗木质量评价的研究现状做了简要介绍。评价苗木质量的指标主要有苗木水分状况,矿物质含量,碳水化合物储量,芽休眠状态,形质指标,根生长潜力,抗冻性和抗逆性等。文章对以上指标的测定方法及各自的特点做了简述,并分析了存在的问题与发展方向。     

Quality Assessment of Temperate Zone Deciduous Hardwood Seedlings

Research regarding seedling quality issues has been performed for decades and focused primarily on conifer species, which comprise the greatest proportion of nursery production worldwide. Demand for hardwood seedlings, particularly for conservation purposes, has increased steadily in recent years, emphasizing the need for seedling quality assessment protocols specific to these species. Important differences between conifer (gymnosperm) and hardwood (angiosperm) species require the creation of seedling evaluative programs specific to each group. Variation in phenology and ecological adaptability of hardwood species limits the validity of inferences made between and within genera. Annual cycles of leaf emergence followed by abscission in temperate hardwoods necessitate examination of seasonal variation in indicators of physiological condition that do not require leaf tissue (e.g., mineral nutrition, electrolyte leakage). Also, it is crucial to identify appropriate sampling periods and plant tissues for testing such that test results may be accurately compared. Though certain parameters (e.g., morphological) may be readily used in both conifer and hardwood seedling quality testing programs with little modification, additional refinement is needed to improve predictive capacity for hardwoods across a variety of environments. We review the current state of knowledge regarding seedling quality testing of temperate deciduous hardwood species, discuss limitations in incorporating traditional components of quality testing programs, and set priorities for future study.     

Quantifying root system quality of nursery seedlings and relationship to outplanting performance

With over 1.5 billion forest tree seedlings produced annually in the USA, seedling quality assessment is critical to ensure reforestation success. While height and root-collar diameter are the most common traits evaluated during seedling quality assessment, above-ground morphology is not always an accurate predictor of performance after outplanting. Root system morphology and physiological status may provide a more accurate indication of seedling potential. However, relatively few studies have attempted to quantitatively assess root system quality in relation to outplanting success. Large root volume, high root fibrosity, and an increased number of first-order lateral roots have shown some correlation to improved field performance. Physiological seedling quality assessment is commonly practiced through evaluation of root growth potential. Other tests, such as root electrolyte leakage, have also shown some potential as measures of seedling physiological quality. This review identifies current methods of assessing seedling root system quality and discusses potential shortcomings of these methods. An increased understanding of the suitability of current tests, coupled with the development of new tests and multiple parameter relationships, may foster the development of species and site-specific targets for seedling root system quality assessment. The production of seedlings with root systems that meet high morphological and physiological standards better enables seedlings to rapidly establish and thrive upon outplanting.     

Plant quality assessment: an industrial perspective

The regions of the world using operational seedling testing to any significant extent are Canada, Britain, Sweden, and the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Testing has been used operationally for batch culling (to ensure quality), as well as for research into improved nursery cultural practices. Savings from testing for seedling survival are substantial. However, growth gains from operational testing are more tenuous. Reduced rotation lengths and lower weeding costs are more likely to be associated with planting larger stock, rather than planting stock with higher physiological quality.Large opportunities for savings exist for regions and organizations that produce poor quality stock, have high planting costs, or both. New tests have been developed and some are becoming operational. New tests might be more effective than existing tests. However, in the regions most involved in seedling testing, plantation survival has increased over the last ten years. Subsequently, additional investments in operational testing will likely achieve diminishing returns.     

几种药剂浸种处理对西瓜幼苗生长的影响

采用黄腐酸盐、绿风95、稀土、爱多收、油菜素内酯等几种药剂对西瓜进行浸种处理,测定其对西瓜幼苗某些生长、生理指标的影响。结果表明:采用几种药剂处理后,与相应的对照相比,均可提高叶绿素含量、增加根系活力、促进幼苗生长,从而有利于西瓜的壮苗培育。从几种药剂处理对西瓜的营养生长及生理指标的影响进行综合判断可知,以爱多收处理为最好。     

米槁实生苗苗木分级研究

对苗圃内生长1年的米槁实生苗进行出圃前的质量调查,在调查精度为95%的基础上,分析了影响米槁苗木质量的相关因子。以苗高、地径为分级指标,运用SPSS17.0软件进行聚类分析得出米槁实生苗苗木分级标准,Ⅰ级苗为D≥0.83cm、H≥87.6cm,Ⅱ级苗为0.83cm≥D≥0.57cm、87.6cm≥H≥76.4cm,Ⅲ级苗为D0.57cm、H76.4cm。为米槁苗木生产中的质量判别和分级拣选提供了科学的依据。     

An overview of Ontario's Stock Quality Assessment Program

Since 1992, the Stock Quality Assessment Program at the Ontario Forest Research Institute (OFRI) has offered seedling physiological testing services to foresters and nursery managers. The purpose of this program is to improve nursery stock quality and plantation performance by developing and applying procedures for assessing the physiological quality of nursery stock. Two levels of testing are available: Seedling Certification and Problem Stock Testing. Testing at both levels involves a visual assessment, measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence of the foliage and root growth potential. Applying these tests has directly improved plantation establishment between 1992 and 1995 by preventing over 3 million damaged seedlings from being planted, at an estimated regeneration cost savings of over $2 million (Can). Consideration of cost-benefits for both direct and indirect values demonstrates the merits of a stock testing program. Testing has been conducted either at OFRI or at a private lab, providing clients with an impartial assessment of their stock. Consistent test results, comparable from year-to-year and between laboratories, are achieved by the use of controlled environment testing, trained personnel and duplicate testing on selected stocklots. A database comprised of physiological test information for over 1100 stocklots provides a basis for comparing and ranking seedlings grown throughout the province. This database may be used to refine operational nursery practices, to evaluate changes in seedling quality over time, and to relate seedling quality to field performance.