N~+注入诱变黑曲霉选育单宁酶生产菌株

以黑曲霉为出发菌株,经多次N+注入诱变,得到突变高产单宁酶菌株黑曲霉ANO2。该突变菌株其产单宁酶酶活为670.2 U/mL,较出发菌株的单宁酶酶活442.3 U/mL提高51.4%以上,突变菌株经传10代培养,产酶特性稳定,是一株比较理想的单宁酶生产菌株。     

植物单宁的营养学特性

结合植物单宁的化学性质，讨论了它们与蛋白质、酶、金属离子和多糖的作用。在此基础上，概述了植物单宁的抗营养性以及在食品和饲料加工中所采取的减弱单宁抗性的措施。     

没食子单宁降解菌株的筛选及发酵条件优化

通过平板涂布、划线分离、菌落观察等方法,从土耳其倍子提取液自然生长的菌落中分离纯化出11株菌,从中初筛出1#、2#、4#这3株降解没食子单宁的菌株,复筛出1株没食子单宁优良降解菌株1#菌,其没食子单宁降解率达65%以上,发酵液中没食子酸质量浓度为0.052 3 g/L,单宁酶活为0.920 U/mL;对1#菌株的发酵条件进行了响应面法优化,结果表明:1#菌最佳产酶条件为培养温度31℃,初始培养基pH值5.0,最适培养时间50 h,在该条件下1#菌单宁酶酶活可达1.170 U/mL,与优化前的最大酶活0.920 U/mL相比,提高了27.2%。     

单宁胶刨花板制造工艺

从制造人造板的单宁胶基本结构与基本性质入手，分析单宁胶刨花板制造工艺特点与工艺参数。介绍了４种刨花板用单宁胶配方与其条件下的刨花板性能。喷胶与直接拌胶方式的比较，热压工艺条件等的变化均建立在单宁胶的基本性质上。     

木霉木聚糖酶的酶学性质研究

木聚糖酶是一种应用性很强的酶。试验采用DNS法对一种木（Trichoderma）产木聚糖酶的酶学性质进行了研究，结果表明：酶的最适催化温度和pH分别为50℃和5．5，Cu^2＋、Fe^2＋、Fe^3＋、Mn^2＋对酶活有很强的抑制作用，该酶对木聚糖和桑树叶粉分解能力很强，对其他底物分解能力微弱。     

真菌漆酶分子生物学研究进展

概述了漆酶分子生物学的研究情况,包括其理化性质、氨基酸序列分析、基因克隆、基因结构分析和组织分析、基因家系、表达调节及异源表达.     

植物纤维原料酶法水解的研究

研究了底物性质、底物浓度、纤维素酶的用量及酶系组成等因子对植物纤维原料酶解效率的影响作用,从而为进一步优化可再生纤维素资源的酶法糖化工艺提供了理论和实验依据。     

柿果单宁组成及其生物学特性的研究状况

柿果单宁是一种多酚类物质,除了通常能发生的‘酚类反应外还具有其特殊的性质,在柿产品加工中既是重要的呈味物质也是影响产品质量的关键因素。主要介绍了柿果单宁的结构和性状,柿果单宁细胞的研究现状和柿果单宁生理活性的研究现状,以期将柿果单宁的研究深入的进行下去,推动柿果产业的发展。     

连作对土壤酶活性影响的研究进展

从连作中土壤微生物、土壤营养状况、土壤理化性质及土壤酚酸类物质与土壤酶的关系这四个方面分别进行了综述,旨在为改善连作中土壤理化性质,提高土壤营养水平,减轻连作障碍提供一定的理论依据。     

酶在木材制浆造纸工业中的应用

评述了酶在木材制浆造纸工业中的应用，包括：酶的应用迅速发展；酶－－机械制前途；酶漂白纸浆更值得重视；酶对废纸脱墨效果好；酶能改善纸张的性质和酶可以降低废水毒性。     

微乳凝胶固定化单宁酶催化没食子酸酯的合成

没食子酸酯是一类优良的抗氧化剂,为了避免化学合成方法带来的弊端,建立了微乳凝胶(MBGs)固定化单宁酶催化系统,催化没食子酸(GA)与不同的脂肪醇进行酯化.Na2SO4-Na2SO4·10H2O盐水合对可有效调控有机相固定化酶催化系统中水的活度,其调控能力与盐水合对的总量有关.在反应系统中加入盐-盐水舍对(Na2SO4-Na2S04·10H2O)可以明显提高GA的转化率.当pH值6、温度28℃、振摇速度150 r/min时,在生产没食子酸丙酯(PG)、没食子酸丁酯(BG)的MBGs反应系统中,加入总量1.8 g,比例为1:1的Na2SO4-Na2SO4·10H2O,GA的转化率可分别达到78.2%和85%,比对照样分别提高93.0%、129.7%;在生产没食子酸戊酯(AG)的MBGs反应系统中,加入总量2.4 g,比例为1:1的Na2SO4-Na2SO4·10H2O,GA的转化率为72.4%.比对照样提高103.7%.     

Extractives of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus crispula</Emphasis> sapwood infected by the pathogenic fungi <Emphasis Type="Italic">Raffaelea quercivora</Emphasis> I: comparison of sapwood extractives from noninfected and infected samples

The extracts of Quercus crispula infected by the ambrosia fungus, Raffaelea quercivora, were investigated. Phenol and tannin analyses indicated that normal sapwood (NS) contained a considerable amount of hydrolysable tannins, while infected colored sapwood (IS) contained less hydrolysable tannins and more phenols than NS. In treating pentagalloyl glucose (PGG), which is a model compound of hydrolysable tannins, with a culture medium of R. quercivora, PGG was rapidly hydrolyzed to produce gallic acid. The resulting gallic acid decreased in concentration over the subsequent cultivation period eventually disappeared. Measuring tannase and laccase activities of the culture medium of R. quercivora, tannase activity increased gradually from the beginning, while laccase activity increased rapidly at 5 days of incubation and disappeared at 8 days. An oxidative product from gallic acid treated with laccase was isolated by preparative high performance liquid chromatography, and was identified as purprogallincarboxylic acid (PGCA) by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron-impact mass spectrometry. PGCA was present in a 70% aqueous acetone extract of IS, and showed slight growth inhibition against R. quercivora. Part of this study was presented at the 57th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Hiroshima, Japan, 2007     

Investigation of relationships between cell and pulp properties in Eucalyptus by examination of within-tree property variations

 Relationships between cell and pulp properties were investigated by examining the within-tree property variations in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus globulus. Properties investigated included proportions of ray and axial parenchyma, thickness of cell walls and cell wall percentages. The characteristics of the ray and axial parenchyma (their proportions and wall thickness) were found to have a significant influence on all measured pulp properties, including paper strength properties. Multiple regression of pulp properties in relation to cell properties revealed that nearly all measured pulp properties were explained by cell properties at the 1% significance level. It was concluded, therefore, that all cell types are important for predicting pulp properties, and it is strongly recommended that tree breeding programs for Eucalyptus include the measurement of all cell types. Received 6 July 1999     

桉树木材性质取样与测定技术

为了进一步优化木材资源,需要对木材的性质进行检测。本文阐述传统木材的解剖性质、物理及化学性质的检测方法,在物理性质树干气密度的测试中,例举了近红外光谱检测方法,以期为其他木材性质检测做参考。     

刨刀角度对杨木和柞木刨片流变性能的影响

以不同前角刨刀切制两种杨木和柞木刨片,根据参数分离法,对其流变性能进行了测定和研究。结果表明:刀具前角不同可导致刨片的流变性能变化;刀具前角增大,刨片流变性能的变化对提高刨花板的性能有利;刀具前角对刨片流变性能的影响在不同树种中基本趋势一致,但对刨花板性能的影响可能因树种而有所不同。     

雷州半岛桉树无性系选择及其早期综合评价

通过对27个3年生不同桉树无性系的几个主要性状进行调查,运用比较、方差分析、相关分析等方法,分析不同无性系主要性状的种间差异以及各性状间的相互关系。结果表明：不同地点立地条件、不同桉树无性系的年均蓄积量差异极显著,两者之间存在极显著的交互作用。干形指标与其产量存在极显著的负相关;树高、胸径之间存在显著的表型和遗传相关;通过干形指标和无约束指数选择法,综合评定了各无性系的生长表现,选出ECl、CH3、CH1等18个表现优良的无性系。     

不同粒径的桉树皮基质对桉树苗木的影响

以桉树皮为材料,通过对3种粒径桉树皮基质理化性质分析和苗木调查,研究不同粒径对基质理化性能和育苗效果的影响。试验结果表明：在育苗过程中,粒径〈2mm的桉树皮基质理化性质相对更稳定,苗木生长量最大,育苗效果最好;粒径2～5mm和5～10mm的桉树皮基质理化性质变化较明显,而粒径5～10mm的基质孔隙性变化最大,化学性质不够稳定,粒径对育苗基质和育苗效果影响较大。     

黑杨派新无性系木材物理力学性质研究

伐取浙江临海无性系试验林 5年生 10个速生黑杨新无性系 30个样株 ,测定木材的物理力学性质。结果表明 ,其木材密度高于同地区速生杉木、柳杉 10年生木材的测定值 ,力学性质与之相近 ;木材物理性质在速生无性系间无显著差异 ,而力学性质差异显著或极显著 ;木材密度与力学性质显著相关 ,而木材性质与胸径生长相独立 ;参试无性系中 36 7、36 6、370、1388、12 1等无性系最适于营建短伐期工业用材林。     

Effects of nanoclay on physical and mechanical properties of wood-plastic composites

Effects of nanoclay (NC) on physical and mechanical properties of wood-plastic composite (WPC) were studied here. Virgin, recycled, and mixed (50/50% of virgin/recycled) polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were used as the matrix in the WPC. Specimens with three NC contents of 1.5%, 3%, and 5% were manufactured; they were then compared with control specimens. Totally, 12 treatments were manufactured. The physical and mechanical properties were measured in accordance with the ASTM standards. The highest properties were found in specimens made from virgin PVC. Addition of recycled PVC resulted in significant decrease in all properties. NC improved all physical and mechanical properties studied in the present research project; the highest properties were observed in specimens with 5% of NC content. The improvement in properties was as a result of formation of bonds between the hydroxyl groups of NC with the wood flour components. It was concluded that NC would significantly improve the properties in all the three PVC types of virgin, recycled, and mixed. From an industrial point of view, it was concluded that mixing virgin and recycled PVC can be recommended not only to decrease production costs, but also to partially solve the problem of PVC residue which are not bio-degradable.     

利用遥感技术预测人工林木材性质及其产品价值的初探

阐述了遥感技术在森林树冠参数提取以及林木冠层与木材结构、性质间的关系研究现状,分析了树冠冠层和木材性质二者之间潜在的关系,探讨了利用高空间分辨率遥感卫星影像(QuickBird)数据分析林木树冠冠层特征的方法,提出了遥感树冠因子与木材性质间的关系模型的构想,进而进行木材性质的预测和产品经济价值的评价。