基质紧实度和颗粒度对桉树扦插苗的影响

以泥炭、椰糠、碳化稻壳、木糠、甘蔗渣等为主要基质原料,探讨了基质的理化性质与桉树扦插成活率以及苗高、地径等指标之间的关系。结果表明:不同的基质粒径之间存在着差别,在成活率和苗高上,<0.6mm粒径的椰糠均显著的高于其余粒径的椰糠;基质理化性质之间变化大的依次是容重、空气孔隙、持水孔隙以及气水比,其次是pH值和持水量。不同装填紧实度的基质苗木之间存在显著的差异,紧实度最大处理的成活率显著高于其余几个处理;不同的装填紧实度之间,基质理化性质变化由大至小是容重、空气孔隙、气水比,其次是持水孔隙度。     

松树皮复配基质的理化性质

用<0.5,≥0.5~2,≥2~5mm3种粒径的油松树皮按不同的质量比配成5种基质,以田园土为对照,研究了不同复配基质的理化性质、收缩率和含水量的变化情况,并选出适宜的油松育苗基质。结果表明:油松经过一个生长季后,5种基质的物理性质比较稳定,各项物理指标基本不变或小幅度改变,说明基质物理性质稳定性较好;除pH外,基质化学性质变化幅度较大,但栽培前后5种基质的理化性质均在基质的理想范围之内,说明5种基质适宜做育苗基质。根据基质的含水量、基质收缩率和物理性质主成分分析,基质粒径D≥2~5mm∶D≥0.5~2mm∶D<0.5mm为1∶3∶1的复配基质为最宜育苗基质。     

桉树皮基质化腐熟理化性质变化的研究

以桉树皮为材料,通过添加不同氮源和微生物菌剂进行基质化腐熟处理,研究不同处理桉树皮腐熟过程中理化性质的变化。结果表明:添加有机氮源比无机氮源的处理升温快,能更好的促进腐熟进程;随着腐熟的进行,各处理的容重略有增加,孔隙性呈减小趋势,通透性得到改善;pH值呈增大趋势,EC值、CEC值和C/N值呈减小趋势,桉树皮基质缓冲协调性能得到改良;氮源和菌剂对腐熟各指标影响差异均显著,添加鸡粪和酵素菌剂的处理对腐熟效果较好,可作为桉树皮腐熟理想的添加氮源和菌剂。     

桉树育苗用的有机废弃物基质理化性质分析

为降低育苗成本，寻找替代部分泥炭土作为桉树育苗基质，本研究对9种由工业废弃物生产的有机基质，添加珍珠岩和泥炭土混配而成的有机基质进行理化性质检测，结果表明：9种混配的有机基质其容重为0.15-0.24 g·cm-3、总孔隙度为64.41%-78.66%、pH值为6.02-7.35、EC值为0.44-0.76 ms·m-1，具有疏松、透气、保水、酸碱度适合苗木生长的特点，并含有充足的养分、丰富的有机质供苗木生长所需，基本满足理想基质的要求。     

不同轻基质桉树出圃苗木质量评价

以泥炭、稻壳和腐熟桉树皮为研究对象,利用格子试验设计,对不同基质苗出圃时的苗木质量进行评价。结果表明：基质不同配比苗木出圃率、苗高、地径差异性显著,从苗木质量和成本综合考虑筛选出腐熟桉树皮：泥炭：稻壳为6：4：O及6：2：2两个基质配方作为生产用。     

桉树扦插育苗容器和基质筛选试验研究

从苗木质量评价出发，分析比较了刚果12号桉在3种容器9种基质配方下培育的3个月生扦插苗苗木生长性状、成苗率和造林成活率的差异和影响，以桉树扦插育苗苗圃操作现代化、集约化和良种化的管理要求，选出了理想的桉树扦插育苗容器和基质及其配比。     

桉树工厂化育苗轻型基质筛选试验研究

应用南方种苗基地附近的农林废弃物为原料配制轻型基质,按照正交试验设计方法,开展了桉树扦插育苗的试验研究,重点研究了以蔗渣、椰糠、稻壳为主要成分的轻型基质对桉树扦插苗根系生根率、生根量、主根长、Ⅱ级侧根发生值、总Ⅰ级侧根长度等的影响,试验结果表明不同基质成分对桉树苗木生长指标影响显著:蔗渣对苗木生根率、稻壳对Ⅱ级侧根发生值、蔗渣灰对总Ⅰ级侧根长度分别起主导作用,椰糠及其与其它基质的交互作用对生根率、生根条数等影响较大,最后筛选出2种可在生产上推广应用的优良轻型基质配方,即:甘蔗渣:椰糠:稻壳:蔗渣灰为1:2:1:0或1:2:0:0.     

马勃类真菌对桉树苗木生长效应的研究

采用10个马勃类真菌菌株对桉树幼苗接种并对苗木生长进行测定,其结果表明:10个不同菌株对桉树苗木生长均有促进效果,与对照相比,苗高增加14.5%～68.1%,苗木地径增加8.1%～49.7%,苗木生物量(干重)增加5.3%～58.8%.因此,利用马勃类真菌对桉树幼苗进行接种形成菌根可有效促进桉树生长.     

固氮菌对桉树促生作用及其影响因素试验

本试验运用随机区组设计试验方法,观察接种固氮菌的桉树育苗期生长情况,探讨了固氮菌对巨尾桉广9无性系的影响,结果表明:(1)接种桉树根际固氮菌和非桉树固氮菌对巨尾桉广9无性系苗木增长效果显著,但前者较后者效果更优。(2)不同固氮菌菌株、不同培养基培养的同种固氮菌株对苗木的作用不同,在无氮培养基培养下的同种固氮菌较在YM培养基培养对苗木苗高和地径增长效果更明显。(3)固氮菌不同接种方式对苗木生长量的影响不同,以蘸根方式较喷洒方式效果好。     

桉树轻基质容器育苗技术实践分析

指出了桉树具有很高的经济价值,目前市场需求量很大,为了有效提高苗木培育数量,缓解市场供不应求现状,对桉树轻基质容器育苗技术进行了实验探讨,总结了经验,以供参考。     

An irrigation control system with a web-based interface for the management of Eucalyptus planting stock in a nursery

Efficient nursery irrigation is a key factor for the production of high-quality forestry planting stock. Conventional timer-based irrigation systems used by most forestry nurseries have some drawbacks that, if not properly managed, can lead to over-irrigation and water wastage, leaching of nutrients and contribute to increased incidences of pests and/or diseases. A practical method to accurately measure media water content and control irrigation more carefully could prevent some of these issues. To evaluate the potential use of an automated irrigation system, commercially available Decagon EC-5 dielectric soil water content sensors were laboratory-calibrated against the gravimetric method using coir/pine bark/vermiculite, coir/perlite and pine bark media to measure water content of nursery seedling containers. Using Eucalyptus dunnii seedlings raised in polystyrene seedling containers to test the irrigation system, a datalogger was programmed to control irrigation for low (0.22–0.26 m³ m^?3), medium (0.26–0.32 m³ m^?3) and high (0.32–0.41 m³ m^?3) watering treatments. The measurements were displayed in near real-time using a web-based system, which allowed for system checking and from which data could be downloaded. The Decagon EC-5 sensors were successfully calibrated for all media (R² > 0.97) and provided a better estimation of media water content than the manufacturer-supplied calibration equation better-suited for soils. The automated irrigation system effectively maintained the specified media water content for E. dunnii seedlings. The high watering treatment seedlings had the highest growth rates, although this treatment also had increased leaching of nutrients. By contrast, the low watering treatment seedlings showed the lowest growth rates, although these seedlings seemed to be more robust and tolerant of water stress. This study showed that the automated irrigation system, based on measurements of the media water content, can be successfully used in scheduling irrigation for Eucalyptus seedlings, leading to potential water savings.     

化学调控剂在巨尾桉扦插育苗上应用与推广

化学调控剂在巨尾桉组培苗嫩梢扦插育苗上的应用结果表明,化学调控剂能明显延缓或抑制巨尾桉扦插苗高生长,促进地茎生长,在抑制主根生长的同时强烈促进侧根生长。施用1.0 g.m-2的化学调控剂60 d内高生长仅增加3 cm,地茎增长0.12 cm,生根条数达20~30条,出圃率达95%;而不施药的苗木60 d内高生长增加17.6 cm,地茎增长0.05 cm,生根条数仅8~12条,出圃率只有85%。应用化学调控剂能提高苗木质量和产量,起到了贮存苗木作用,使用方法简便,成本低,效果好。     

轻基质配方对红豆树容器苗生长和生理的影响

【目的】探讨基质配方对红豆树容器苗生长和生理的影响,筛选适宜红豆树容器苗生长、提高苗木生理质量的基质配方,为培育红豆树优质苗木提供技术指导。【方法】以泥炭、椰糠、珍珠岩和蛭石为基质原料,按体积比配制成9种育苗基质,以无纺布袋作为容器进行红豆树容器育苗试验,分析基质配方的理化性质,测定红豆树容器苗苗高、地径、生物量和根系指标等生长指标和可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、硝态氮含量、叶绿素含量等生理指标以及叶片矿质元素含量。【结果】不同轻基质的理化性质差异较大,采用隶属函数评估法对9组基质主要理化性质进行综合评价,T1(泥炭∶椰糠=8∶2)、T9(泥炭∶蛭石=5∶5)和T6(泥炭∶蛭石=8∶2)三组基质理化性质综合评价较高;对基质主要理化性质与红豆树容器苗生长、生理指标进行相关性分析表明,基质物理性质与红豆树容器苗生物量间有显著相关性,基质中矿质营养元素含量与红豆树容器苗根干重、可溶性蛋白含量、硝态氮含量和叶绿素含量间相关性显著(P <0.05);本试验对红豆树容器苗主要生长和生理指标进行隶属函数分析的结果:T9> T6> T5> T7> T2> T1> T8> T3> T4。【结论】T9(泥炭∶蛭石=5∶5)基质培育的红豆树容器苗苗高、地径生长量、根系指标、可溶性蛋白含量、硝态氮含量及叶绿素含量位列所有基质中前三位,是培育红豆树容器苗的最佳基质配方。     

35年生大花序桉生材性质研究

为研究大径级大花序桉人工林的基本木材性质,采用排水法对35年生大花序桉人工林木材的生材密度、基本密度、树皮率、心材率以及生材含水率等指标进行了测试。结果表明:35年生大花序桉的树皮体积百分率为8.92%,树皮质量百分率为12.35%,生材密度为1.12g·cm^-3,基本密度为0.76g·cm^-3,生材含水率为44.79%。各部位含水率差别不大,各指标表现都很好。     

紫茎泽兰入侵土壤对桉树苗的化感作用研究

以紫茎泽兰重度入侵区域0~50 cm深土样及溪谷桉、冈尼桉、史密斯桉3种桉树苗为试验材料,研究该土样对桉树苗生长的影响。结果表明:3种桉树苗在不同深度土样中的生长表现差异较明显,随着深度增加,苗高及鲜重生长明显减慢;受侵土样中3种桉树苗生长量明显优于对照,紫茎泽兰化感物质仅在3~10 cm深土样中对史密斯桉的生长抑制作用表现较强,其余土样对3种桉树的生长有微弱抑制或不同程度的促进作用,总体上表现为紫茎泽兰入侵区域土壤更有利于桉树苗的生长,特别是0~3 cm深土样。     

邓恩桉的组织培养技术研究

以邓恩桉(Eucalyptus dunnii)无菌苗的下胚轴和半木质化的带芽茎段为外植体,诱导芽的分化及丛生芽产生,对培养基中不同生长素和细胞分裂素的用量和配比进行了探讨,确定了邓恩桉组织培养的最适培养条件。以MS 6-BA0．2mg／L NAA0．1mg／L诱导外植体芽的分化效果最佳,产生的丛生芽易于分切,便于进行继代培养,其幼苗生长旺盛,月平均增高5mm。IBA可促进邓恩桉组培苗生根,在1／2MS培养基中添加0．2mg／L IBA,生根效果最佳。     

桉树愈伤组织抗病性的测定及其快速繁殖研究

为了探索桉树抗青枯病树种的无性系快速筛选和繁殖技术,配制了3种类型的培养基,采用组培方法对桉树愈伤组织的抗病性和桉树无性系的快速繁殖方法进行了研究。结果表明:诱导愈伤组织形成的以MS+6-BA0.25mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L培养基最好;对愈伤组织芽的分化,最好的培养基是MS+6-BA0.25mg/L+NAA5mg/L;诱导生根以White+IBA0.5mg/L+2%蔗糖培养基为最佳;分别对桉树愈伤组织刺伤、幼苗伤根、幼苗截顶后接种青枯病,并测定它们的抗病性,其测定结果相同,说明可用桉树愈伤组织筛选抗青枯病树种。     

Pt菌剂对尾叶桉苗木抗旱性的影响

对尾叶桉苗木采用Pt菌剂(Pisolithus tinctorius)和水分胁迫处理,研究不同处理对该苗木生长及营养物质积累方面抗旱性的影响.结果表明:接种菌剂后水分胁迫条件比常规供水更利于苗高生长.无论常规供水还是水分胁迫条件下,接种菌剂10 g地径增长量都最大,高Pt菌剂施用量对地径增长量有一定的抑制作用.菌剂处理能提高苗木生长质量.常规条件下,菌剂5 g处理苗木质量最高;胁迫条件下,菌剂10 g处理苗木质量最高,而对总体抗旱性而言,菌剂15 g处理效果最好.     

Role of nitrogen remobilization from old leaves for new leaf growth of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings

Six-month-old Eucalyptus globulus Labill. seedlings were grown in sand culture irrigated with a nutrient solution containing 6.0 mol N m(-3) for 3 months (November-January). Before rapid growth began in February, seedlings were repotted and irrigated with either 6.0 mol N m(-3) (High-N treatment) or 1.0 mol N m(-3) (Low-N treatment). Seedlings were analyzed during the subsequent flush of growth to determine the role of old leaves, and in particular the leaf protein Rubsico, as a source of N for new leaf growth. During spring growth, the N content of old leaves of High-N seedlings decreased with decreasing leaf dry weight, although there was no change in leaf number. In High-N seedlings, the net loss of N from old leaves provided less than 10% of the N used for new leaf growth, and the new leaves quickly became the dominant sink for N. In contrast, in Low-N seedlings, the net loss of N from old leaves provided 44% of the N used for new leaf growth. During the period of spring growth, the amount of soluble proteins recovered from old leaves of Low-N seedlings dropped, but there was no change in the content of either Rubisco or chlorophyll. The photosynthetic capacity of old leaves remained constant throughout the study period, and there was no evidence that N was remobilized from Rubisco.