富硒农产品研究开发助力我国营养型农业发展

营养是保证健康的基础。2016年全球疾病负担研究结果显示,饮食因素导致的疾病负担占到15.9%,已成为影响人群健康的重要危险因素。近年来,我国居民营养健康状况明显改善,但仍面临营养不足与过剩并存、营养相关疾病多发等问题,营养与健康已经成为我国食品消费的主流需求。农业生产的根本目标是为了满足居民食物消费需求。作为食品消费最大的供给侧,我国农业现阶段的主要矛盾已经由总量不足转变为结构性矛盾,农业生产如何满足人民对优质食物消费需求的美好向往、适应营养健康需求,已成为推动农业供给侧结构性改革,实现农业现代化发展的首要问题。因此,推动营养型优质农产品生产,是实现农业供给侧改革、满足食品营养健康消费需求的重要途径。硒是机体抗氧化的重要成分,最新营养与健康状况监测显示我国居民硒实际摄入量低于推荐量,研发富硒农产品是满足我国居民食品消费营养健康需求的重要举措。本文结合前期研究基础,从我国居民硒营养基本情况、硒的剂量生物学效应关系两方面介绍了我国富硒农产品开发的依据;并针对我国居民硒摄入量普遍不足现状,概述了我国富硒农产品研发基本情况,最后对我国富硒农业发展提出了相关建议,助力我国营养型农业发展。富硒农产品作为我国营养健康食品发展的重要组成部分,其科学消费观的培养、全产业链的形成、质量监管及标准的制定,对于推动我国营养型农业发展,实现现代农业与食品产业升级,满足人民群众对营养健康的需求、对美好生活的向往具有重要意义。     

生物健康农业新理论和新体系构建

在分析生态农业、有机农业、绿色农业等现代农业生产方式利弊的基础上,我们提出全新的生物健康农业(Biology Healthy Agriculture),是指运用先进的生物技术和生产工艺栽培各种农作物或养殖农业动物,实现大健康理念、生物技术与农业的和谐“联姻”,并融入乡村旅游与休闲农业,生产安全健康终端农产品的一种现代农业生产方式。系统论述了生物健康农业新理论和产业化发展的理论要点,从发展遵循的原则与功能定位、区域产业体系和支撑技术体系与发展目标等方面阐述了生物健康农业产业体系的构建,以及我国发展生物健康农业的必要性、优势以及意义,以期为提高农产品质量安全和营养品质以及市场竞争力、促进现代农业可持续发展、提高居民健康水平和精神需求提供依据,从而通过生物技术和大健康产业的融合,实现传统农业的跨越式发展,打造现代农业的升级版。     

营养导向型农业的概念、发展与启示

为解决全球面临的诸多营养与农业问题,探求营养、健康与农业发展之间的关系,自2013年以来,营养导向型农业的概念体系逐步发展完善,其政策措施也为全球推进营养导向型农业战略起到了重要的示范和引领作用。2013年前后为概念产生阶段,2014—2018年为概念发展阶段。营养导向型农业主要包括以食物供给为导向和以食物系统为导向两条主线。2017年FAO提出,营养导向型农业是一种以可持续的方式来满足居民膳食需求的新型农业范式或方案,旨在确保生产量足质优且价格合理、营养丰富、文化适宜、安全的各种食物,营养和健康是营养导向型农业的最终目标和衡量标准。为了实现这个目标,必须关注整个食物系统。同时在中国发展营养导向型农业需要考虑中国农业发展面临的诸多问题,包括农业发展的主要矛盾已由过去的总量不足转变为结构性矛盾;农产品品质家底不清,缺少农产品营养品质基准数据,缺乏完善的农产品质量法规体系等。营养导向型农业给新时代中国农业发展带来的启示：一是应以食物营养为导向,提高农产品营养质量,满足消费者对食物营养和健康的新需要;二是应以营养品质作为标尺,建立国家农产品营养成分基准数据库,完善相关法律及新时代食物与营养发展纲要的修改和制定。     

我国农产品营养标准体系现状与发展建议

随着我国经济社会持续稳定发展和居民生活水平的不断提高,消费者日益关注农产品营养品质和膳食健康,发展营养导向型农业已是势在必行。农产品营养标准是营养导向型农业的技术支撑,是指导育种、种养殖管理等农业生产工作的总纲。如何运用标准化手段规范营养导向型农业的各个环节,研究和构建具有我国特色的农产品营养标准体系,对于我国农业向高质量发展阶段迈进有积极推动作用。梳理和分析我国农产品营养标准现状的目的是构建我国农产品营养标准体系的基本框架。本文重点分析了我国农产品质量标准中与营养品质相关的标准发展现状,包括农产品等级规格标准、绿色食品标准、中国好粮油标准、富硒农产品标准、农产品地理标志标准和有机食品标准。其次梳理了食品营养标准中涉及农产品的部分内容,重点分析了保健食品、预包装食品营养标签和食药物质相关标准。最后跟踪了国际上农产品营养标准制定的最新进展,包括生物强化定义草案、生鲜农产品营养标签与功能声称。通过梳理发现,我国农产品营养标准仍处在起步阶段,仅有部分农产品标准包含营养成分指标,未形成层次清晰、标准化对象明确的农产品营养标准体系。因此,文中提出了构建我国农产品营养标准体系的思路和发展建议。农产品营养标准分为基础标准、营养成分检测方法标准、营养品质评价标准、营养标签标识标准、产品标准、生产技术规程等6个方面。从营养角度将农产品划分为3类,即大宗农产品、特色农产品、营养强化农产品,并对此开展分类评价。构建农产品营养标准体系时应整合专业力量,完善组织保障;遵循科学合理、配套融合、动态开放原则;以科学研究为基础,合理制定标准。     

中国薯类加工现状与展望

<正>薯类作物营养丰富,富含淀粉、膳食纤维、维生素及矿物元素等成分,在改善居民膳食营养结构,提高全民健康素质,保障国家粮食安全等做出了重要贡献,而薯类加工业的发展在促进中国农业的持续增效、农民的持续增收、现代农业的可持续发展中具有不可替代的作用~[1]。2014年,中国薯类种植面积约为1 100万hm~2,总产量达1.64亿t。目前,中国薯类(甘薯、马铃薯)的种植面积和产量均居世界首位。但其加工     

现阶段中国居民的营养与健康

从中国传统膳食营养结构及特点的角度,分析了传统中国膳食营养结构中存在的问题以及现阶段中国居民的营养与健康状况,并从营养角度对改善传统膳食习惯中的营养及增进健康的角度提出了清晰可行的营养方略,以期为现阶段中国居民的营养与健康状况的改善做出理论性的指导。     

我国农业机械化现状及发展趋势

<正>农业机械是现代农业的所必须的设备,对提升农业劳动生产率、增大农产品的供给、确保农业健康发展起到了不可忽视的作用。所以,本文主要分析了目前中国农业机械化的情况、获得的成果与具有的缺陷,研究了我国农业机械化发展的对策,同时对将来中国现代农业设备的发展方向展开了分析,希望可以给我国农业机械业之后的发展提供一定的帮助。农业机械化是农业发展过程中的伟大成就。随着信息化经济的不断发展,尽管现在农业机械化有了不小的进步,不过     

我国农业机械化现状及发展趋势

正农业机械是现代农业的所必须的设备,对提升农业劳动生产率、增大农产品的供给、确保农业健康发展起到了不可忽视的作用。本文分析了目前中国农业机械化的情况、获得的成果与具有的缺陷,研究了我国农业机械化发展的对策,同时对将来中国现代农业设备的发展方向展开了分析,希望可以给我国农业机械业之后的发展提供一定的帮助。农业机械化是农业发展过程中的伟大成就。随着信息化经济的不断发展,尽管现在农业机械化有了不小的进步,不过因为     

打造现代农业种植条件下智慧农化服务新模式 第一届中国智慧农化服务论坛在京举行

<正>8月26日,中国绿色农业联盟、中国绿色生态环境修护联盟联合行业优势企业山东智行特种车有限公司在京举办了第一届中国智慧农化服务论坛暨中国智慧农化服务示范推广工程启动仪式。此次论坛重点围绕国内外农化服务的主要模式及目前我国农化服务存在的问题和发展方向进行讨论,研讨科学仪器与现代化装备在智慧农化服务中的作用,打造现代农业种植     

镁助农产品提品质 改善居民膳食营养

正2016年我国发布的《"健康中国2030"规划纲要》中对居民膳食营养提出了详细的指导意见,其中特别指出了我国居民膳食中微量元素缺乏的问题。2006年中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所的一份调查报告显示,我国各省、市、自治区普遍存在着钙、锌、铁、镁、钾膳食摄入不足和膳食钠摄入过多的问题,其中镁的人均膳食摄入量呈现出明显的下降趋势。镁是人体必需的矿质元     

科技创新助推农业高质量发展

农业出路在现代化,农业现代化关键在科技进步。为贯彻落实党的十九届五中全会精神,突出强调农业科技创新的重要性,11月20—21日,2020中国农业农村科技发展高峰论坛暨中国现代农业发展论坛在南京成功举办。本届论坛特别设置院士专场报告会,邀请知名院士专家,围绕水稻种业发展、油料高质量发展、水产养殖技术模式革新、细菌耐药性防控以及当前科技发展环境、需求与趋势等战略问题和关键技术难题,交流新理念、提出新思路、研讨新策略,多层次、多角度论道科技创新与农业高质量发展,为新时期农业农村现代化发展献计献策。     

Review and Suggestion for Nutrition Standard of Agricultural Products in China

With the steady and sustainable development of Chinese economy, society, and the continuous improvement of residents’ living standards, consumers are increasingly concerned about the nutritional quality of agricultural products and their dietary health. It is imperative to develop nutrition-sensitive agriculture, which is supported by nutrition standard of agricultural products. The objective of this paper was to develop the basic framework of nutrition standard of agricultural product in China by analyzing agricultural products standard system, including grading and specifications, green food, the grain & oil products, selenium-enriched agricultural products, geographical indication agricultural products, and organic foods. More specifically, this paper investigated the relationship of nutrition standards between food and agricultural product, mainly based on health food, pre-packaged food nutrition label. In addition, this paper deliberated the latest international developments in agricultural product nutrition standards, hoping to find more reference and suggestions for developing China’s nutrition standard system. We found that the nutrition standard of agricultural products in China was still on the early stage side, as few standards contain nutrition indicators. On this basis, we concluded that it was inevitable to put forward the proposition for the nutrition standard system of agricultural product in China. The standard system was divided into six aspects: basic standards, analytic methods of nutritional components, evaluation standards of nutritional quality, labeling, product standards and production technical regulations. From the point of view of evaluation standards of nutritional quality, agricultural products were divided into three categories: the bulk agricultural products, distinctive agricultural products and bio-fortified agricultural products.     

现代农业科技园区旅游产品谱系构建——以河南现代农业研究开发基地为例

现代农业科技园区是新形势下农业旅游发展的新领域,对于延长农业产业链、提高经济效益、改善生态环境、促进城乡协调发展等都起着重要作用。文章选取河南现代农业研究开发基地为研究对象,在以科技和生态理念为支撑的基础上,提出构建农业旅游产品谱系,并指出在其开发过程中应注意的事项,如要确立适合自身发展的旅游发展模式、进行园区农业旅游总体发展规划设计、做好旅游客源市场调查等,以促进河南现代农业研究开发基地旅游的健康快速发展,为现代农业科技旅游开发提供借鉴。     

Promoting the Development of Nutritionally-Guided Agriculture in Research and Development of Selenium-Enriched Agri-Products in China

Nutrition is the guarantee of health. The global burden of disease study in 2016 showed that the disease burden caused by dietary factors accounted for 15.9%, which has become an important risk factor affecting the health of people. In recent years, the nutritional and health status of Chinese residents has been improved significantly, but still faces the coexistence of malnutrition and supernutrition, and the frequent occurrence of nutrition-related diseases. Nutrition and health have become the mainstream demands of food consumption in China. The basic goal of agricultural production is to meet the needs of residents' food consumption. As the biggest supply side of food consumption, the main contradiction in China's agriculture at the present stage has changed from numeric to structural. How to satisfy the people's desire for high-quality food and meet the needs of nutrition and health has become the first issue for agriculture structural reform and modernization. Therefore, promoting the production of nutritious and high-quality agricultural products is an important way to realize the reform of agriculture supply side and to meet the needs of healthy food consumption. Selenium, a key antioxidant component of organisms, its intake is insufficient in Chinese people according to the latest National Nutrition and Health Monitoring Program. Thus, the development of selenium-enriched agricultural products is important for health. In this article, we reviewed the basic information of selenium nutrition concerning the Chinese population, the dose-dependent function of selenium, and the development of selenium-enriched agricultural foods, and also provided some suggestions for selenium-enriched industry development, which might promote the development of nutritionally-guided agriculture. As one of the most important components of nutritional and healthy food development, the application of scientific concepts of consumption, the building of whole-chain production, monitoring and product standard establishment for selenium-enriched agricultural foods are critical for nutritionally-guided agriculture, which will meet the public demand for nutrition and health and also lead to a better life.     

两岸绿色兴农的实践与展望——海峡两岸农业绿色发展与乡村振兴青年科学家论坛综述

农业是海峡两岸合作交流的重要平台和枢纽。为顺应海峡两岸合作交流趋势,2020年11月5日,中国农学会在福建福州主办海峡两岸农业绿色发展与乡村振兴青年科学家论坛,组织两岸杰出青年科技工作者代表,围绕农业绿色科技的新成效、乡村产业振兴的新探索以及两岸农业融合发展的新趋势开展专题报告,增进交流互鉴,共谋创新发展,助力两岸农业科技交流和产业合作再跃新阶段。     

黑土地上的农业绿色科技发展

东北地区拥有广阔的黑土地,是中国重要的粮食基地。为贯彻落实习近平总书记在黑龙江考察时做出的重要指示精神,助推东北黑土区农业现代化发展和东北乡村振兴,2019年6月28日,中国农学会在哈尔滨成功举办新时代农业绿色科技发展论坛,汇聚院士专家智慧,研讨农业绿色科技发展的前沿热点和东北未来农业绿色发展的路径方向,并提出专家建议。本次论坛呼吁要把黑土地保护放到与粮食生产同样重要的位置,并为农业绿色科技发展和东北全面振兴指明了方向。     

都市农业区发展特征与实现乡村振兴的对策措施研究

区域间不平衡不充分发展的问题是我国现阶段社会主要矛盾的表现形式之一,其中都市农业区与城区的差异表现更为突出,为此乡村振兴的需求也较为迫切。基于都市农业区农业和农村的特征分析,本文探讨都市农业区乡村振兴的对策措施。研究表明,都市农业区发展生产型农业劣势明显、乡村社会治理复杂性强、可选农业类型少、农民增收压力大。同时,这一区域也有土地流转率高、农业多功能化发展环境好、农业专业化和商品化程度高等优势。为此,从突破都市型农业发展劣势、缩小城乡居民收入差距、缩小城市与乡村建设差距这些目标出发,应进一步从科学规划设计、体制机制建设、农业发展方向、社会保障制度和基础设施建设等方面提出都市农业区乡村振兴实现的对策措施。落实乡村振兴战略,需要顶层部署,从社会、经济、政策制度、技术方法等层面综合统一落实,发挥政府、村民、农业从业者、社会等各类主体的作用,通过实践破解关键难题,才能突破性的实现乡村振兴目标。     

The Concept and Development of Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture and Its Enlightenments to China

In order to solve the many nutritional problems facing the world and explore the relationship between nutrition, health and agricultural development, since 2013, the concept system of NSA has gradually developed and improved, and its policy measures have played an important role in promoting the NSA strategy globally. The concept generation stage was around 2013, and the concept development stage was from 2014 to 2018.The definition and target of NSA were mainly food supply oriented and food system oriented. In 2017, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) put forward that NSA was an approach that sought to ensure the production of a variety of affordable, nutritious, culturally appropriate and safe foods in adequate quantity and quality to meet the dietary requirements of populations in a sustainable manner. NSA used nutrition and health issues as its ultimate goal orientation and measurement. In order to achieve this goal, attention had to be paid to the entire food system. At the same time, the development of NSA in China had to consider many problems facing China's agricultural development. First, the main contradiction of China's agricultural development has changed from the quantity insufficient in the past to structural deficiency. Second, the benchmark data of nutritional quality of agricultural products was not clear, and the laws and regulations in agricultural product quality were of lack. Reconstructing the agricultural industry chain and food nutrition value chain with nutrition orientation could bring out enlightenments to solve many problems facing agricultural development in China: First, we should take food nutrition as the orientation and increase the supply of medium and high-end agricultural products to meet the new needs of consumers. Second, the nutritional quality should be taken as test standard of high quality, the national benchmark database of nutritional composition of agricultural products should be established, and relevant laws and the revision and formulation of the new food and nutrition development program should be improved.