Bt杀虫蛋白在亚洲玉米螟幼虫体内组织中的分布

采用ELISA法检测了亚洲玉米螟取食转基因玉米后,Bt杀虫蛋白(Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白)在幼虫体内组织中的分布情况.结果表明,中肠和血淋巴中Bt杀虫蛋白含量最高,分别为267 ng·g-1和417 ng·g-1,丝腺、脂肪体、马氏管的含量较低,生殖器官中未检测到Bt杀虫蛋白;幼虫取食转基因玉米3d后改喂普通玉米的亚洲玉米螟发育成的蛹、成虫及卵中不含Bt杀虫蛋白.     

转基因抗虫玉米对亚洲玉米螟生长发育和实验种群增长的影响

以两个转Bt抗虫基因玉米品系G03-2396、G03-2739和1个常规对照品种苏玉16为材料,研究其对亚洲玉米螟幼虫生长发育和实验种群消长动态的影响.结果表明:①两个转基因玉米材料的心叶组织对玉米螟低龄幼虫的毒性很强,1龄幼虫取食这两个转基因玉米心叶组织后8 d死亡率超过97%;2龄幼虫取食心叶组织8 d后死亡率超过80%;1～4龄幼虫或全部死亡不能化蛹,或平均蛹重与对照品种相比显著降低,仅5龄幼虫各测定指标与对照品种相比差异不显著;两个转基因玉米材料的雌穗组织对玉米螟幼虫的毒性较低,即使低龄幼虫取食8 d后的死亡率与对照苏玉16相比差异也不显著.②玉米螟高龄幼虫取食两个转基因抗虫玉米心叶后,存活的部分幼虫化蛹羽化后的成虫寿命明显缩短,单雌产卵量显著下降,甚至卵的孵化率也有所降低.表明所选的两个转Bt基因玉米品系对玉米螟的毒性具一定的后续效应.     

亚洲玉米螟幼虫在抗虫和耐除草剂转基因玉米上取食行为的变化

在室内条件下,研究转基因抗虫、耐除草剂复合性状玉米NF6373YGRR(通过杂交育种聚合cry1A.105、cry2Ab2、cp4epsps基因)对亚洲玉米螟[Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenee)]初孵幼虫和3龄幼虫取食行为与存活率的影响.结果表明:在48h非选择性试验中,玉米螟初孵幼虫在转基因玉米心叶组织上的取食率显著低于非转基因玉米,转基因玉米48h的幼虫累计死亡率为53.75%.非转基因玉米为20.00%,差异显著;3龄幼虫在转基因玉米雌穗尖组织上的取食率、死亡率与非转基因玉米差异不显著.在48h选择性试验中,初孵幼虫在转基因玉米心叶组织上的取食率显著低于非转基因玉米,48h累计死亡率为55.00%;3龄幼虫在转基因玉米雌穗尖组织上的取食率与非转基因玉米差异不显著.转基因抗虫、耐除草剂复合性状玉米对玉米螟初孵幼虫的取食有显著的抑制和忌避作用,而对3龄幼虫的取食行为影响不显著.     

亚洲玉米螟对不同玉米品种的取食选择及其中肠酯酶活性反应

以近年来在北京地区广泛种植的5个玉米品种(怀研10号、蠡玉6号、中糯2号、甜单21和农大413)为研究材料,用叶碟法测定亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis对不同品种玉米叶片取食选择反应,计算取食选择指数,并从生理响应上研究幼虫取食不同品种玉米叶片后中肠酯酶活性变化,分析和阐明不同玉米品种对玉米螟的抗性反应机制。结果表明:玉米螟幼虫对5个供试玉米品种的取食选择指数有一定差异,按寄主种类由大到小顺序为:农大413>甜单21>中糯2号>蠡玉6号>怀研10号,说明不同玉米品种对玉米螟的抗性存在差异。同时,与取食人工饲料的幼虫相比,取食农大413的幼虫其中肠酯酶活性无明显变化,而取食其他玉米品种的幼虫其中肠酯酶活性显著受到抑制,酶活性按所取食寄主种类由大到小顺序为:农大413>甜单21>中糯2号>蠡玉6号>怀研10号,变化趋势与取食选择指数完全一致,表明昆虫取食选择行为、酶活性生理反应与寄主植物抗虫性之间具有协同性,间接反映昆虫与寄主植物之间的相互适应机制。     

转Bt基因玉米对亚洲玉米螟的抗性评价

转Bt基因抗虫玉米为诺华公司含Bt11转化系的杂交种NX4777,能全株表达Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白,以其非转基因受体玉米品种NX4906为对照。在玉米生长至心叶中期(50~60cm高)、抽雄前期和抽丝散粉期分别进行人工接亚洲玉米螟[Ostriniafurnacalis(Guenée)]初孵幼虫40~60头。以食叶级别、存活幼虫数、蛀孔数、隧道长度和雌穗被害级别等,分别作为评价玉米心叶期和穗期的抗性标准。结果表明,Bt玉米食叶级别仅为1级,显著低于对照的7级。Bt玉米平均每株存活幼虫0.04~0.20头、蛀孔0.11~0.15个、隧道长度0.13~0.41cm,雌穗被害级别为0,植株折茎率为0,而对照玉米平均每株存活幼虫6.19~12.41头、蛀孔4.48~7.05个、隧道长度12.41~24.09cm,雌穗被害级别为5.9,植株折茎率高达73.6%~95.5%。室内生测结果亦表明,取食Bt玉米心叶、雄穗的初孵幼虫3d全部死亡,取食花丝7d死亡率达到99%,相比之下取食常规玉米的存活率在88.7%以上。表明表达Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的Bt对亚洲玉米螟具有很高的抗虫性,能够保护玉米全生育期免受玉米螟的危害。     

转Bt crylF基因抗虫玉米对亚洲玉米螟幼虫存活率的影响

以不同用量的转Bt crylF基因抗虫玉米饲养亚洲玉米螟幼虫,研究人工饲料中转基因玉米对其存活率的影响.结果表明,随着人工饲料中转基因玉米用量的增加,亚洲玉米螟幼虫的存活率逐渐下降,在用量为100%处理时幼虫存活数仅3～5头,存活率仅15%～20%;在对照玉米处理中,4个处理的幼虫存活数均较高,为16～19头,存活率均在69%以上.转基因玉米处理的幼虫存活数与对照玉米处理相比,两者差异显著.     

转Bt基因玉米对亚洲玉米螟的抗性研究

以普通玉米杂交组合N3030为对照,通过田间调查、盆栽接虫试验、室内饲养和组织切片,系统研究了转B t基因玉米杂交组合N3030B t对亚洲玉米螟的抗性表现.结果表明,转B t基因玉米N3030B t上的虫孔率、百株幼虫数、百株隧道数和百株隧道长均极显著低于对照;1-3龄幼虫取食转B t基因玉米后1-2 d死亡,死亡率达90%以上;4龄以后死亡率为0,但其生长发育均受到一定的抑制;组织切片观察表明,亚洲玉米螟幼虫取食转B t基因玉米后,中肠肠壁细胞端部的微绒毛出现不同程度的溶解,大部分肠壁细胞排列松弛,细胞体缩短,细胞层变薄.该结果表明转B t基因玉米对亚洲玉米螟幼虫具有稳定的杀虫作用.     

丁布胁迫对亚洲玉米螟危害程度及生长发育的影响

异羟肟酸及其衍生物是广泛存在于玉米等禾本科作物中的一种广谱抗性物质,丁布（DIM-BOA）是玉米植株中含量最大的异羟肟酸。为了明确不同丁布含量的玉米品种对亚洲玉米螟危害和生长发育的影响,采用高效液相色谱法测定了11个玉米品种五叶期的丁布含量;室内条件下在玉米叶片上人工接虫,调查亚洲玉米螟在11个玉米品种上的危害程度;用丁布含量依次降低的登海662、浚单20、隆玉602品种（P＜0.05）叶片饲喂亚洲玉米螟初孵幼虫,探讨不同含量丁布胁迫下亚洲玉米螟生长发育的变化。结果表明,不同玉米品种间丁布含量差异显著,登海662含量最高,德单5号含量最低。接种亚洲玉米螟后,丁布含量较低的德单5号、隆玉602、新单36、金骆驼335品种的花叶指数均大于40％,随着玉米品种丁布含量的增加,玉米螟的危害程度逐渐减轻。亚洲玉米螟幼虫发育历期和幼虫＋蛹总历期在取食3个玉米品种处理之间具有差异,其中取食隆玉602的幼虫发育历期和总发育历期最短,取食浚单20的处理最长。取食3个玉米品种的亚洲玉米螟均不能正常交配产卵和完成世代周期,其化蛹率、蛹质量和羽化率均随玉米品种丁布含量的降低而升高。     

不同寄主植物对甜菜夜蛾解毒酶活性的影响

通过离体酶活性测定,研究取食苜蓿、苋菜、生菜、白菜、玉米5种寄主植物对甜菜夜蛾磷酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响.结果表明甜菜夜蛾取食寄主植物后,体内磷酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性均发生变化.除取食苋菜的甜菜夜蛾碱性磷酸酯酶活性与取食苜蓿、白菜的之间差异不显著外,其他各处理之间差异均显著.其中玉米对这3种酶的诱导能力最低.     

氮素含量对亚洲玉米螟取食及选择性影响

【目的】研究亚洲玉米螟幼虫对不同氮素含量取食和选择特性,了解植物营养与昆虫选择之间的关系,为亚洲玉米螟幼虫的取食、选择提供理论依据。【方法】采用室内采用叶碟法对亚洲玉米螟进行取食选择实验,计算取食率;在室外人工模拟设计出5个氮肥施肥量处理,调查玉米螟的危害情况。【结果】亚洲玉米螟幼虫在 48 h 非选择实验中,接虫2 h后,在对照(N含量10.69%)和N₄(18.84%)的取食率最高,为58%,接虫第4~6 h,取食选择性依次为N₃>N₅>N₄>N₁>N₂,初孵幼虫在N₄(18.84%)的第8、12、36和48 h的取食率最高,依次为70.5%、67%、61.5%、63.5%;N₄(18.84%)上的取食率在36 h时达到最高,为43.3%,比对照高10%,N₅(30.31%)取食率在8 h时达到最高,为46.67%,比对照高20%,差异显著(P<0.05);不同氮素施肥量亚洲玉米螟发生为害中被害株率达到10%以上有2个处理,其中被害株率最高的是50 kg/667m²,达到22.89%,其次是40 kg/667m²为12.67%,二者差异不显著(P>0.05),但是与其他处理之间差异显著(P<0.05)。【结论】不同N素含量对亚洲玉米螟幼虫取食、选择具有显著影响,但是存在一定阈值,超过该值以后,取食率、被害株率等相对数据可能保持平稳或者往相反的方向发展。     

Susceptibility of Ostrinia furnacalis to Bacillus thuringiensis and Bt Corn Under Long-Term Laboratory Selection

The susceptibility of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) formulation and Bt corn was evaluated using insect bioassays for 6 years. Four strains of O. furnacalis were developed by laboratory selection from the laboratory strain reared on a non-agar semi-artificial diet. The RR-1 strain was exposed to a commercial formulation of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) incorporated into the artificial diet, the RR-2 strain was exposed to Bt corn (MON810)tissue incorporated into the diet, and the SS-1 and SS-2 strains were reared on the standard diet with or without non-Bt corn tissues material. Decreasing susceptibility of O. furnacalis to Bt and to Bt corn were found in each selected strain although the ED50 and larval weight fluctuated from generation to generation. The resistance of Bt-exposed strain (RR-1)to Btk increased 48-fold by generation 39; the Bt corn-exposed strain (RR-2) increased its resistance 37-fold to Btk by generation 24. No larvae of SS-1 survived when they were exposed to the leaves of Bt corn, Bt1 1 and MON810. However,2-54% of the RR-1 (generation 46) and RR-2 (generation 20) larvae survived a 3 day-exposure to the leaves of Bt1 1 and MON810. The survival of both selected strains on Bt corn silk increased by 10-69%, and the larval weights after many generations selection were increased by 15-22% compared with the unselected susceptible strain. The young larvae were much more susceptible to Bt than older larvae. The highest mortality occurred when the larvae were exposed to Bt at the neonate stage. All of the results suggested that ACB could not only develop resistance to Bt preparation but also to Bt corn. Bt had significant effects on the growth and development of Asian corn borer than on the larval mortality. In order to maintain the long-term effectiveness of Bt pesticide and Bt corn, the resistance management should pay much attention to the larvae that may have opportunities to grow and developed on non-Bt corn or alternate hosts before they attack the Bt corn plants and the survival of larvae after Bt application.     

Evaluation of Impact of Pollen Grains from Bt, Bt/CpTI Transgenic Cotton and Bt Corn Plants on the Growth and Development of the Mulberry Silkworm, Bombyx mori Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

The δ-endotoxin genes of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and proteinase inhibitor (PI) genes aretwo kinds of genes popularly used for developing transgenic plants resistant to insect pests. To clarify whetherthere is any risk concerning the effects of pollens from these transgenic crops on non-target insects with eco-nomic importance, such as the effects on the growth and development as well as cocoon quality of the silk-worm, Bombyx mori Linnaeus, a series of feeding experiments were conducted, using pollens from transgeniccotton or corn containing crylAc, cry1A+-CpTI or crylAb genes, compared with pollens from non-transgenicnormal cotton and corn as well as the non-pollen treatment. In contrast to the latter ones, pollens from trans-genic plants showed no significant adverse effects on larval mortality, cocoon weight, pupa weight, cocoonshell weight, pupation rate, emergence rate and fecundity of the silkworm after neonates were fed with thepollens for 72 h. In addition, no dosage effects of pollens were found. Though the duration of 1st instar larvaewas prolonged in the case of feeding with transgenic pollens as compared with those of the non-pollen treat-ment, but they were not significantly different from those fed with pollens from non-transgenic cotton or corn.Meanwhile, the body weight of the 3rd instar molters fed with transgenic pollens was obviously different fromthose for non-pollen treatment, and was all significantly heavier than that of the controls. Consequently, it isconsidered that the adverse effect of pollens from transgenic insect-resistant cotton and corn on the growth anddevelopment of the silkworm is negligible.     

施硅玉米对草地贪夜蛾的影响

【目的】研究取食外源施硅的玉米对草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda）生长发育的影响,并探究施硅玉米被草地贪夜蛾取食后其防御酶活性的变化,为外源施硅提高作物抗虫能力提供实践范本和理论参考。【方法】以采集自福建省漳州市的草地贪夜蛾为研究材料,对玉米施以不同浓度[（1）对照（CK）（0 g Si/kg土）,（2）5倍施硅处理（3.85 g Si/kg土）,（3）10倍施硅处理（7.70 g Si/kg土）]的硅肥,观察施硅对玉米生长发育的影响;将初孵草地贪夜蛾幼虫分别接在不同施硅处理的玉米植株上,至3龄后以7 d为一个周期调查记录草地贪夜蛾体重、体长、发育历期、化蛹率、蛹重和羽化率;利用试剂盒测定被草地贪夜蛾取食前后的玉米植株体内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性变化。【结果】增施硅肥短期内（21 d）有助于玉米株高和茎粗的生长,其中对玉米茎粗生长有显著的促进作用（P<0.05,下同）。取食外源施硅玉米影响了草地贪夜蛾的生长发育,在处理第21 d时取食10倍硅浓度处理玉米的草地贪夜蛾幼虫体重最轻,只有0.2023 g,显著低于CK,且较CK的发育历期显著延长26.02%,羽化率显著下降27.78%。玉米经不同硅浓度处理后,未被取食的玉米植株体内SOD、CAT和PPO活性均以10倍施硅处理最高,其中SOD和PPO活性均显著高于CK和5倍施硅处理,CAT活性在3种处理间无显著差异（P>0.05,下同）;被草地贪夜蛾取食后24 h时,3个硅浓度处理间玉米植株体内的SOD活性无显著差异,而CAT和PPO活性均以10倍施硅处理玉米最高,且均显著高于CK和5倍施硅处理。相关性分析结果表明,玉米叶片的防御酶（SOD、CAT和PPO）活性与草地贪夜蛾体重呈负相关关系,即防御酶活越高,草地贪夜蛾体重越轻。【结论】外源施硅可通过提高玉米植株体内SOD、CAT和PPO等防御酶的活性以参与玉米对草地贪夜蛾的防御响应。     

Field Evaluation of the Asian Corn Borer Control in Hybrid of Transgenic Maize Event MON 810

In this study,a transgenic Bt maize hybrid(event MON 810 from Monsanto Company)expressing Cry1Ab protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)and its negative isoline hybrid were evaluatrial. Maize plants were artificially infested with neonate larvae of Asian corn borer at the mid-whorl(firstgeneration),pre-tassel(first-and/or second-generation),and silk(second-generation)growth stages.The transgenic Bt maize hybrid sustained significantly less leaf feeding damage(rating 1.0±0.0)than its negative isoline control(rating 7.3±0.1).With the Bt maize,1.3-6.8%of plants were damaged by corn borer tunneling with＜0.5 cm tunneling per stalk under different levels of infestation,compared with 100%of plants damaged with 9.3-25.0 cm tunneling per stalk for the negative isoline control. On average,transgenic Bt maize hybrids had only 0.01-0.05 tunnels per stalk and no stems were broken.In contrast,the negative isoline control had 3.11-8.36 tunnels per stalk and 31.2-73.9% of stems broken.Yields were significantly higher in trahsgenic Bt maize than in the control. These results demonstrate that transgenic Bt maize can significantly minimize yield losses caused by the Asian corn borer through resistance to the first-and second-generation larvae.     

不同Bt蛋白对捕食性天敌大草蛉的生态安全性评价

【目的】明确转基因棉花中表达Cry1Ac、Cry1F和Cry2Ab蛋白对我国Bt棉田中主要捕食性天敌大草蛉（Chrysopa pallens）的潜在影响。【方法】通过在大草蛉人工饲料中添加高剂量Bt蛋白的方法,评价Cry1Ac、Cry1F和Cry2Ab蛋白对大草蛉重要生命表参数（4龄幼虫体重、幼虫发育历期、化蛹率、蛹重、蛹发育历期、羽化率、成虫体重和产卵量）的影响,以不添加杀虫物质的大草蛉纯人工饲料作为阴性对照,以添加PA（砷酸二氢钾,KH₂AsO₄）的大草蛉人工饲料作为阳性对照;同时,利用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法（DAS-ELISA）测定取食Bt蛋白处理饲料后,大草蛉幼虫、蛹以及成虫体内的Bt蛋白浓度;利用ELISA法和敏感昆虫生物测定法,检测新鲜饲料和在试验环境条件下暴露2 d的处理饲料中Bt蛋白的稳定性和生物活性;此外,利用酶活性测定的方法,比较取食空白对照饲料、Bt蛋白处理饲料或PA处理饲料后大草蛉体内主要消化酶（总蛋白酶、类胰蛋白酶、类凝乳蛋白酶和氨肽酶）、解毒酶（α-乙酸萘酯酯酶、羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶）和保护酶（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶）的活性。【结果】生命表评价结果表明,在大草蛉人工饲料中添加高浓度单独Bt蛋白或Bt蛋白混合物,对大草蛉4龄幼虫体重、幼虫发育历期、化蛹率、蛹重、蛹发育历期、羽化率、成虫体重和产卵量无显著性不利影响,但饲料中添加PA却能够使大草蛉幼虫和蛹发育历期极显著延长,4龄幼虫体重、化蛹率、蛹重、羽化率、成虫体重和产卵量极显著降低;大草蛉体内Bt蛋白浓度测定结果显示,大草蛉取食Bt蛋白处理饲料后,其幼虫、蛹及成虫体内均含有一定量的Bt蛋白;ELISA和敏感昆虫生物测定结果表明,新鲜准备和在试验环境条件下暴露2 d的Bt蛋白处理饲料,均含有高剂量且具有生物活性的Bt蛋白,因此,大草蛉在整个生物测定过程中接触到的均为高浓度的、具有生物活性的Bt蛋白;此外,取食Bt蛋白处理饲料,对大草蛉幼虫和成虫体内主要消化酶、解毒酶和保护酶活性无显著性影响,但取食PA处理饲料能使大草蛉幼虫和成虫体内氨肽酶活性极显著降低,其他所测消化酶、解毒酶和保护酶活性显著升高。【结论】大草蛉对3种供试Bt蛋白（Cry1Ac、Cry1F和Cry2Ab）不敏感,取食这3种Bt蛋白对大草蛉生长发育及其体内主要消化酶、解毒酶和保护酶活性没有显著不良影响,本研究所建立的生物评价体系还可用于评价其他新型转基因抗虫植物中表达杀虫蛋白对大草蛉的生态安全性。     

Bt对分月扇舟蛾体毒性及体内保护酶系影响

以分月扇舟蛾5龄幼虫为研究对象,采用叶片药膜法测定了Bt对其毒性,研究了致死剂量的Bt对其体内SOD、CAT、POD保护酶活性的影响.结果表明:Bt对分月扇舟蛾36、48、72h的LC30和LC50分别为:24.674、8.578、5.622 ng·L-1和78.311、17.252、11.741 ng· L-1.9 ...     

Effect of three insect-resistant maizes expressing Cry1Ie,Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and Cry1Ab on the growth and development of armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker)

Three transgenic maize events(IE09 S034, Shuangkang 12–5 and C0030.3.5) produced Cry1 Ie, Cry1 Ab/Cry2 Aj and G10-EPSPS, Cry1 Ab and EPSPS, respectively, all of which target the Asian corn borer. The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker) is the secondary target. In this study, the effects of the three Bt maizes on the development and survival of armyworm were studied. The results showed that IE09 S034 had insecticidal activity against 1 st instar larvae, and the survival rate of armyworm fed with Bt maize for 10 days was 46.2%, significantly lower than that of the control. The larvae at 3 rd–6 th instar were more tolerant of the Bt toxin than the early instar larvae. However, Shuangkang 12-5 had good insecticidal activity against 1 st–5 th instar larvae. The mortality was nearly 100% when the larvae were fed with Shuangkang 12-5 before 3 rd instar, and the toxin had quick-acting efficacy. This event significantly inhibited the development of armyworm; that is, the larval duration of the 3 rd and 4 th instar larvae fed with Shuangkang 12-5 was prolonged by 4.5 and 3.0 days, respectively. The pupal weight and egg number were also significantly lower than those of the control. For C0030.3.5, it could control 1 st–5 th instar larvae effectively. The mortality rates were all over 50% if 1 st–3 rd larvae were fed with this event. The pupal weight of 4 th–6 th instar larvae fed with Bt maize were only 53.9, 56.8 and 54.6%, respectively, compared to that of the control. The number of eggs laid was significantly less than the control. The results indicate that all three transgenic maize events exhibit the potential to provide effective control of early instar larvae of armyworm, which can be commercialized in future to control lepidoptera pests such as Asian corn borer and armyworm.     

Bt杀虫蛋白对甜菜夜蛾生长发育的影响

 实验室内研究了Bt杀虫蛋白对甜菜夜蛾生长发育的影响。结果表明：甜菜夜蛾二龄幼虫取食含Bt杀虫蛋白浓度为0.5μg/g,1.0μg/g,2.0μg/g,4.0μg/g,8.0μg/g的人工饲料后,随着饲料中杀虫蛋白浓度增加,幼虫死亡率增加、幼虫发育历期延长、蛹的发育历期缩短、蛹重变轻、化蛹率降低。甜菜夜蛾四龄幼虫取食含Bt杀虫蛋白浓度为2.0μg/g,4.0μg/g,8.0μg/g,16.0μg/g的人工饲料后,幼虫死亡率、化蛹率、蛹的羽化率均无明显差异;而幼虫发育历期延长、蛹的发育历期缩短,蛹重减轻。杀虫蛋白浓度为8.0μg/g,16.0μg/g时,幼虫发育历期明显长于对照。杀虫蛋白浓度为16.0μg/g时, 蛹的发育历期和蛹重与对照差异显著     

转双抗三倍体毛白杨对舞毒蛾幼虫中肠解毒酶的影响

[目的]为转基因植物的合理利用提供理论依据。[方法]以转Bt基因和慈姑蛋白酶抑制剂基因三倍体毛白杨叶片喂4～5龄舞毒蛾幼虫,对其中肠几种重要解毒酶的活性进行了测定。[结果]幼虫中肠酯酶的比活力变化是先升高后降低,24 h后达到高峰,而在48 h后,比活力明显下降;谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的比活力是一直在升高。取食抗虫杨Pb1、Pb33和Pb47叶片48 h后的舞毒蛾幼虫中肠酯酶的比活力分别为取食CK幼虫酯酶比活力的62.9%、70.7%和74.5%;24 h后的幼虫中肠谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的比活力分别比取食CK幼虫谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶比活力下降了25.7%、27.7%和17.9%。[结论]导致幼虫中肠解毒酶活性的改变可能是转基因叶片毒杀害虫的作用机制之一。