柚苷酶生产菌的选育

柚苷酶作为苦味物质柚苷的分解酶有望在柑桔加工生产得到应用。研究设计和试验了1种新的柚苷酶筛选模型,在堆积过腐坏柑桔的土壤中分离了多株产柚苷酶菌株。其中SN 01产酶最高,摇瓶产酶达291U/ml,初步鉴定为黑曲霉。SN 01经NTG诱变、筛选,育成菌株SN 90,其摇瓶产酶可达1282U/ml。研究发现菌株SN 90的产酶过程需要柚苷诱导并对葡萄糖浓度不敏感,为低分解代谢物阻遏型突变株,因而该菌株具有较好的工业应用潜力。     

柚苷酶生产菌的选育

柚苷酶作为苦味物质柚苷的分解酶有望在柑桔加工生产得到应用.研究设计和试验了1种新的柚苷酶筛选模型,在堆积过腐坏柑桔的土壤中分离了多株产柚苷酶菌株.其中SN 01产酶最高,摇瓶产酶达291 U/ml,初步鉴定为黑曲霉.经NTG诱变、筛选,育成菌株SN 90,其摇瓶产酶可达1 282 U/ml.研究发现菌株SN 90的产酶过程需要柚苷诱导并对葡萄糖浓度不敏感,为低分解代谢物阻遏型突变株,因而该菌株具有较好的工业应用潜力.     

复合诱变选育柚苷酶高产菌株的研究

以柚苷酶产生菌黑曲霉FY01—4为试验菌株,采用紫外线和60Co-γ射线进行复合诱变,经摇瓶复筛选育出一株柚苷酶高产菌株C15,酶活达1285．6U／mL,是出发菌株的3．59倍。连续传代10代,酶活仍保持在1200～1300U／mL之间,菌株产酶稳定性良好,可作为生产柚苷酶的优良菌株。     

复合诱变选育柚苷酶高产菌株的研究

以柚苷酶产生菌黑曲霉FY01—4为试验菌株,采用紫外线和60Co-γ射线进行复合诱变,经摇瓶复筛选育出一株柚苷酶高产菌株C15,酶活达1285．6U／mL,是出发菌株的3．59倍。连续传代10代,酶活仍保持在1200～1300U／mL之间,菌株产酶稳定性良好,可作为生产柚苷酶的优良菌株。     

橘皮果胶酶高产菌株的筛选与产酶条件的优化

为合理利用橘皮进行工业化提取果胶酶,采用平板分离法进行果胶酶高产菌株的筛选与产酶条件的优化。结果表明:经过初筛和复筛分离得到1株果胶酶的高产菌株,根据形态特征观察初步鉴定其为黑曲霉。其固态发酵最优产酶条件为:橘皮粉0.5g,硫酸铵0.20g,麸皮10g,水10mL,28℃培养3d,在此条件下,该菌株的酶活力可达到1 447.86U·mL-1。     

产β-半乳糖苷酶芽孢杆菌的筛选及产酶条件的优化

[目的]筛选产β-半乳糖苷酶的芽孢杆菌并对其产酶条件进行优化。[方法]从土壤中筛选出一株具有β-半乳糖苷酶活性的菌株,对其进行鉴定并对其发酵产酶条件进行优化。[结果]该菌株被初步鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌。该菌株的最佳碳源是乳糖,最佳氮源是牛肉膏和蛋白胨,Na+对产酶有明显的促进作用。当乳糖含量为1.20%,牛肉膏含量为0.63%,蛋白胨含量为1.04%时,该菌株所产β-半乳糖苷酶酶活可达3.68 U/ml。初始pH值为8.0,培养温度为45℃,接种量为2%,振荡培养17 h,该菌株所产β-半乳糖苷酶的酶活最高,为5.49 U/ml。[结论]该菌株在高温条件下生长旺盛,适宜生长pH值范围广,在生产实践中具有一定的应用价值。     

虎杖苷转化菌的筛选及所产酶的性质研究

利用专一性底物法,以虎杖水提液为初始培养基,经过初筛复筛获得转化菌。根据菌落形态特征对菌株进行初步鉴定,对转化菌产酶的酶学性质进行研究。结果表明,通过筛选得到1株特异性转化虎杖苷为白藜芦醇的菌株,经形态学鉴定为青霉菌。该菌产的酶最适p H值为5. 0,最适温度为60℃; Fe2+、Na+和Ca2+对酶活力有激活作用;虎杖苷是该酶理想的水解作用底物。利用该菌产的酶液转化虎杖原料,虎杖苷的转化率最高可达到100%。     

酶法脱苦对琯溪蜜柚汁主要苦味物质及营养风味的影响

通过不同的柚苷酶添加量、温度、pH值、时间等单因素及正交试验对平和琯溪蜜柚汁酶法脱苦工艺进行优化,探讨不同脱苦条件对蜜柚汁主要苦味物质柚皮苷和柠檬苦素的去除率及营养风味物质维生素C损失率的影响。结果表明,平和琯溪蜜柚汁的最佳酶法脱苦工艺条件为:在琯溪蜜柚原汁pH状态下,添加0.8g·L~(-1)柚苷酶,置于45℃中水浴1h。在此条件下,蜜柚汁的柚皮苷去除率达90.25%、柠檬苦素去除率达87.09%、维生素C损失率为11.33%,能实现良好的风味特征。     

黑曲霉菌发酵产柚苷酶培养基配方的优化研究

[目的]筛选出黑曲霉菌发酵产柚苷酶的最优培养基.[方法]以沙氏琼脂培养基、马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基、察氏琼脂培养基作比较;选出最适黑曲霉菌生长的固体培养基,对固体培养基进行优化,得出最佳固体培养基;通过对发酵培养基不同碳源种类、氮源种类和无机盐的筛选和优化,确定黑曲霉生长和发酵的最适培养基,再通过正交试验确定黑曲霉固态发酵产柚苷酶最优培养基.[结果]黑曲霉固态发酵产柚苷酶最优培养基组成为0.1％磷酸二氢钾,4％鼠李糖,1％葡萄糖,0.2％无水CaCl2,0.2％七水硫酸镁,0.1％硫酸铵,0.2％柚皮苷,2％豆粉.优化后的培养基(618 U/g)比优化前的基础培养基(401 U/g)的酶活提高了54.1％.[结论]该研究为后续进行菌种遗传改造与分子育种提供了原材料,并为大规模商业化生产奠定了良好的基础.     

一株褐腐真菌产纤维素酶活力的分析

[目的]获得一株可降解纤维素的褐腐真菌,并且分析其产酶特性.[方法]从腐朽木材上分离出一株褐腐真菌,分析该菌株的形态学特征、生物学特性,并且通过液体发酵培养,测定该菌株的2种纤维素酶活力.[结果]该菌株为栗黑拟层孔菌.发酵试验表明,在初始pH 6.0、CMC-Na 0.5 g/L、KH2PO40.5 g/L、CaCl2 0.5 g/L、VB1 0.5 g/L、MgCl22 mmol/L、酵母粉5.0 g/L、酒石酸铵0.5 g/L的条件下,培养5d时纤维素酶活力最高,内切葡聚糖苷酶（CMCCase）为21.71 U/ml,β-葡聚糖苷酶为10.69 U/nml.[结论]该试验为进一步研究褐腐真菌降解木质纤维素的机制提供前期基础.     

厚荚相思苗木接种根瘤菌的造林试验

为了解接种根瘤菌对造林质量的影响,筛选出适于造林生产的优良根瘤菌株,采用随机区组试验设计,设置6处理、3重复的厚荚相思苗木接种根瘤菌造林试验,结果表明:采用接种根瘤菌的苗木造林,利用生物固氮作用,可促进幼树的高生长和地径生长,增加幼树叶片的叶绿素含量;并从中筛选出ZG04为优良菌株.     

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒地方株的分离鉴定

对河南荥阳某养鸡场发病鸡喉头和气管等病料进行病毒分离,采用鸡胚尿囊膜接种和琼脂扩散试验对分离病毒进行鉴定。结果表明,所分离病毒为鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV),获得了1株ILTV河南分离株。参考GenBank收录的鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒基因序列设计、并合成1对引物,以ILTV地方分离株的DNA为模板,PCR扩增出1条特异性条带,测序结果与GenBank收录序列的同源性达99.9%,说明分离病毒的这一段DNA序列相对保守。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒河南分离株HeYD VP2基因高变区基因克隆及序列分析

为初步确定新分离的鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)河南株HeYD的毒力,根据GenBank数据库中已报道的IBDV基因组序列,设计合成了1对VP2基因高变区特异性引物,应用RT-PCR方法对分离自河南省某发病鸡场的IBDV野毒株HeYD的VP2基因高变区进行了基因克隆及序列分析,并与其他参考毒株高变区进行了序列比对,序列...     

PRRSV变异株与普通株二重RT-PCR鉴别方法的建立与应用

参考GenBank发表的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的nsp2基因序列,在nsp2大缺失区下游的保守区设计了1条下游引物,在小缺失区设计1条上游引物,用于变异株的扩增。在大缺失区内部设计1条上游引物,与变异株共用下游引物,用于普通株的扩增,建立了PRRSV变异株与普通株二重RT-PCR鉴别方法。建立的RT-PCR方法用于临床病料的检测,部分阳性结果测序,变异株序列与报道的序列同源性在97%以上。结果表明,该方法特异、快速、简便,可以用于PRRSV变异株和普通株的鉴别。     

费氏中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium fredii)质粒复制基因repC序列多样性的研究

采用质粒快速检测法从供试33株费氏中华根瘤菌中分别检测出2～4个内源大质粒。用根据豌豆根瘤菌的repC基因设计1对引物RCI和RC3,从供试菌株及3株华癸中生根瘤菌和1株大豆慢生根瘤菌中扩增得到repC基因片段,证明在费氏中华根瘤菌中广泛存在repC基因。通过对扩增产物的测序,并与已报道的repC基因序列进行聚类分析,发现供试菌株可分为2个群,群a和群b,群内十分保守,但群间差异明显;其中群b的序列与已知类型的差异明显。     

柚苷酶在柑橘类果汁脱苦中的应用

以柚皮苷为主的苦味物质广泛存在于柑橘中,使得柑橘类果汁在饮用时口感不佳,难以被消费者接受。该文就柚苷酶的性质、脱苦机理、方法及其影响因素,以及对柚苷酶在柑橘类果汁脱苦中的应用进行了综述。     

Comparison of Acetylcholinesterase Characteristics Between Resistant and Susceptible Strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)

The sensitivity of a susceptible and two resistant strains of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, to phoxim, malathion and methomyl was determined by a topical application of bioassay method. YG strain, collected from field of Yanggu,Shandong Province of China, possessed 7-, 13- and 20-fold of resistance to the above three antiacetylcholinesterases based on the comparison of LD50 values with a laboratory susceptible strain. There were not significant difference of the specific activity and the Vmax value among the three strains. But the affinity of AChE to acetylthiocholine (ATCh), in YG strain was the lowest among the three strains tested. A eDNA encoding partial AChE gene was cloned from the three strains by RT-PCR and there was one nucleotide acid difference between YG strain and other two strains which resulted in no amino acid mutation. This partial AChE gene was used as a probe to perform Southern blot. The results indicated that there was no gene amplification in resistant cotton bollworm. Altered AChE with a decreased sensitivity to inhibitors appeared to be one of important resistance mechanisms in cotton bollworm against OP and carbamate compounds.     

黄芪根腐病生防菌株的筛选鉴定及其防效评价

以沙棘根瘤内生细菌为材料,筛选对黄芪根腐病具有生防效果的菌株,以期为黄芪根腐病的生物防治提供优质菌种。采用平板对峙法,筛选得到抑菌性能较强的沙棘根瘤内生细菌TT14,并检测其对4株黄芪根腐病原菌的抑菌活性;根据形态和培养特征,生理生化特性及16S rRNA基因序列分析,对菌株TT14进行鉴定;通过盆栽试验,测定菌株TT14发酵液对黄芪根腐病的防治效果。结果显示,25株沙棘根瘤内生细菌中,11株具有抑制黄芪根腐病的能力,其中5株对供试的4株黄芪根腐病病原菌都表现出较好的抑菌效果,在这5株内生菌中TT14抑菌效果最佳,其对4株病原菌的抑菌率均在54.52%以上;经鉴定菌株TT14为特基拉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus tequilensis);盆栽试验显示菌株TT14发酵液对黄芪根腐病有明显的生防效果,其防治效果达65.68%,较对照组提高38.08%。综上可见,沙棘根瘤内生细菌TT14具有较强的抑制黄芪根腐病的活性,并具有较好的生防效果。     

Molecular Comparisons of Marek＇s disease virus strains of different pathotypes for their gⅠ, gE, pp38 and meq genes

Five to ten serotype I Marek‘ s disease virus (MDV1) strains of different pathotypes were compared for their DNA sequences of gⅠ, gE, pp38 and meq genes. The reference strains were vMDV GA and JM, vvMDV RB1B and Mdll(pl6), vv MDV strains 648A and 584A, vaccine strain CVI988/Rispens; Chinese strains were: v MDV strain N, vvMDV strain G2, vaccine strain 814. Only random aa changes were found in 12 positions within gE of 497 aa among 10 analyzed strains and in 10 positions within gⅠ of 355 aa among 5 strains. There was no relationship found between virus pathotypes and aa changes of both glycoproteins. The aa changes happened in 14 positions within meq of 339 aa among 5 compared strains. But a proline deletion at aa # 194 in a proline- rich domain of meq were shared by two vaccine strains CVI988/Rispens and 814, the latter was a non - pathogenic vaccine strain of serotype 1 isolated in 1983 in China. In another hand, vv MDV strains 648A demonstrated 5 unique aa changes and 4 of them also located in the proline - rich region. The pp38 was very conservative among sequenced 10 strains, there were only two positions at # 107 and # 109 with an altered in its 290 aa. All tested MDV1 strains had glufamine at # 107, instead, only vaccine CVI988 had arginine at the position and lost its epitope reactive with Mab H19, to which all ether tested MDV1 strains were positive. However, CVI988 and vMDV GA shared a Mab T65 - recognized epitope when there was glyeine at aa # 109. It was glutamie acid at aa # 109 in all other MDV1 strains which were not reactive with Mab T65. It seems like that there is some relationship between pathotypes and sequences of pp38 and meq, but more strains need to be compared.