乙烯对水稻CMS系及其保持系蛋白质,核酸和活性氧化谢的影响

用ＡＣＣ处理保持系会降低花粉的可育度,使其幼穗中蛋白质、ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ含量以及蛋白酶、ＲＮＡ酶和ＤＮＡ酶活性下降;并使Ｏ＾－２的生成速率和丙二醛含量上升,ＣＡＴ和ＳＯＤ活性下降,ＰＯＤ活性上升。用ＡＶＧ处理不育系,可使其花粉育性得以部分提高,使其幼穗蛋白质、ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ含量以及蛋白酶、ＲＮＡ酶和ＤＮＡ酶活性下降,并使Ｏ＾－２生成速率和丙二醛含量下降,使ＣＡＴ、ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＤ活性上升;ＡＣＣ可降低     

乙烯对水稻CMS系及其保持系蛋白质、核酶和活性氧代谢的影响

用ACC处理保持系会降低花粉的可育度,使其幼穗中蛋白质、DNA和RNA含量以及蛋白酶、RNA酶和DNA酶活性下降;并使O#+（-）#-2的生成速率和丙二醛含量上升,CAT和SOD活性下降,POD活性上升。用AVG处理不育系,可使其花粉育性得以部分提高,使其幼穗蛋白质、DNA和RNA含量以及蛋白酶、RNA酶和DNA酶活性下降,并使O#+（-）#-2生成速率和丙二醛含量下降,使CAT、SOD和POD活性上升;ACC可降低AVG的这些效应。提示乙烯可能通过调节大分子和活性氧代谢而影响花粉育性的表达。     

西藏裸大麦叶片旱促衰老与活性氧代谢的关系

干旱诱导裸大麦叶片衰老中，叶绿素，蛋白质含量和过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性下降，水势降低，膜透性，过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性及脂类过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）迅速上升。     

干旱胁迫对番茄活性氧代谢的影响

干旱胁迫导致番茄叶片ＲＷＣ、Ｃｈｌ和可溶性蛋白质含量下降，质膜透性和ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性提高．短期干旱胁迫可提高叶片ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活性．４ｄ以内的干旱胁迫后复水，ＲＷＣ、Ｃｈｌ和可溶性蛋白质含量升高，清除活性氧保护酶ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ和ＣＡＴ的活性显著提高，抗氧化物质ＡｓＡ和ＧＳＨ的水平得到恢复，ＭＤＡ得到清除，自动氧化速率降低，重新建立了活性氧产生与清除的平衡系统，ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性降低，膜系统的损伤得到修复，透性降低，恢复了原有正常的生理代谢机能．长期干旱胁迫导致叶片清除活性氧的平衡体系受到破坏，ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活性以及ＡｓＡ和ＧＳＨ的含量下降，膜脂过氧化加剧，自动氧化速率提高，ＭＤＡ积累，影响番茄正常代谢，从而加速衰老进程     

茶鲜叶摊放过程中脂质过氧化作用特点初探

对新鲜茶叶在摊放过程中的失水率、细胞膜透性、三种保护酶（ＳＯＤ,ＣＡＴ,ＰＯＤ）活性及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量的变化及其相互关系进行了研究．结果表明,随着摊放时间的延长和叶片失水程度的增加,鲜叶内ＳＯＤ,ＣＡＴ活性先增强然后迅速减弱,ＰＯＤ活性则一直保持增强的趋势,叶片细胞膜透性和ＭＤＡ含量则不断上升．反映出茶鲜叶在摊放过程中脂质过氧化作用不断加剧,并且其增加速率与保护酶活性变化有一定相关,这在一定程度上意味着茶鲜叶适度摊放的化学实质与脂质过氧化作用有关     

干旱胁迫与菜心叶片活性氧代谢的研究

干旱胁迫导致菜心叶片清除活性氧的平衡体系受到破坏,叶片ＳＯＤ活性和ＡＳＡ含量逐渐下降．轻度胁迫引起叶片ＣＡＴ活性上升,而高度胁迫ＣＡＴ活性下降．随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,叶片的ＡＰ、ＰＯＤ活性逐渐上升,ＭＤＡ含量不断增加,自动氧化速率逐步提高,特别是在干旱胁迫的第６ｄ开始,膜脂过氧化加剧,明显地抑制了菜心植株的生长发育．     

竹笋采后活性氧代谢对木质化的影响

 研究了竹笋在 ５℃ 和 １０℃下，木质素含量、Ｈ２Ｏ２含量、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性和过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性的相互关系和变化规律。结果表明，ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ和 ＰＯＤ ３种酶活性虽均呈先上升后下降趋势，但 Ｈ２Ｏ２呈持续上升趋势，由于 Ｈ２Ｏ２的积累，致使木质素含量不断增加。５℃的 ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ活性和 Ｈ２Ｏ２含量均显著低于 １０℃下的数值，５ ℃下木质素含量极显著低于 １０℃下的数值。     

DNA提纯方法对6种甘蔗亚族植物RAPD的影响

甘蔗植物组织内的多酚类、色素类等物质是干扰ＲＡＰＤ扩增反应的主要成分。本研究以ＣＡＴＢ法和ＳＤＳ法为基础,着重对抗氧化剂（ＰＶＰ等）、酶（蛋白酶Ｋ、ＲＮａｓｅＡ）和酚抽提等因素对提取ＤＮＡ的质量及其ＲＡＰＤ的影响进行了比较筛选。结果表明：①甘蔗ＤＮＡ提取质量和纯度与ＲＮａｓｅＡ、抗氧化剂等处理直接相关,蛋白酶Ｋ、ＣＡＴＢ和ＳＤＳ的处理无明显差异;②对于甘蔗ＲＡＰＤ反应,模板ＤＮＡ中含有一定量的ＲＮ     

茶鲜叶摊放过程中脂质过氧化作用特点初探

对新鲜茶叶在摊放过程中的失水率,细胞膜透性,三种保护酶（ＳＯＤ,ＣＡＴ,ＰＯＤ）活性及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量的变化及其相互关系进行了研究。结果表明,随着摊放时间的延长和叶片失水程度的增加,鲜叶肉ＳＯＤ,ＣＡＴ活性先增强后迅速减弱,ＰＯＤ活性则一直保持增强的趋势,叶片细胞膜透性和ＭＤＡ含量则不断上升。反映出茶鲜叶在摊放过程中脂质过氧化作用不断加剧,并且其增加速度与保护酶活性变化有一定相关     

香蕉越冬期ATPase和保护酶的活性及膜脂过氧化

在越冬期，随着气温的降低香蕉叶片腺苷三磷酸酶（ＡＴＰａｓｅ）活性明显提高，３月份后气温上升，活性开始下降。越冬期间超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性呈下降趋势，膜脂过氧化产物ＭＤＡ含量呈上升趋势，其中台湾蕉ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ、ＰＯＤ活性下降幅度比柴蕉大。ＡＴＰａｓｅ水解活性和ＭＤＡ含量明显高于柴蕉，经ＰＰ３３３处理的台湾蕉，ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ、ＰＯＤ活性分别比对照提高６     

Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: anatomy, physiology, and perception

Anatomical and physiological observations in monkeys indicate that the primate visual system consists of several separate and independent subdivisions that analyze different aspects of the same retinal image: cells in cortical visual areas 1 and 2 and higher visual areas are segregated into three interdigitating subdivisions that differ in their selectivity for color, stereopsis, movement, and orientation. The pathways selective for form and color seem to be derived mainly from the parvocellular geniculate subdivisions, the depth- and movement-selective components from the magnocellular. At lower levels, in the retina and in the geniculate, cells in these two subdivisions differ in their color selectivity, contrast sensitivity, temporal properties, and spatial resolution. These major differences in the properties of cells at lower levels in each of the subdivisions led to the prediction that different visual functions, such as color, depth, movement, and form perception, should exhibit corresponding differences. Human perceptual experiments are remarkably consistent with these predictions. Moreover, perceptual experiments can be designed to ask which subdivisions of the system are responsible for particular visual abilities, such as figure/ground discrimination or perception of depth from perspective or relative movement--functions that might be difficult to deduce from single-cell response properties.     

原花青素的性质、功能、纯化和利用

原花青素广泛分布于高等植物的多种器官和组织中,是黄烷-3-醇的游离、寡聚或多聚物,存在侧基修饰、异构性质、聚合方式、聚合度等的多样性,可采用多种色谱和质谱技术进行纯化和鉴定。原花青素对于植物具有抗紫外线、清除自由基、抗病驱虫、影响种子休眠等功能,影响作物品质等性状,对人体也具有多种生理功效,在药物、化妆品、食品等领域有良好的应用前景。     

Mineralogy, petrology, and surface features of lunar samples 10062,35, 10067,9, 10069,30, and 10085,16

The primary rocks are a sequence of titanium-rich basic volcanics, composed of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and ilmenite with minor olivine, troilite, and native iron. The soil and microbreccias are respectively loose and compacted mixtures of fragments and aggregates of similar rocks, minerals, and glassy fragments and spheres. Impact events are reflected by the presence of shock metamorphosed rock fragments, breccias, and glasses and their resulting compaction to form complex breccias, glass-spattered surfaces, and numerous glass-lined craters. Chemistry of the glasses formed by the impact events is highly variable, and the high iron and nickel content of a few moundlike features suggests that at least some of the projectiles are iron and nickel-rich meteorites.     

贵州樟科、景天科等9个科药用植物资源的种类与分布

通过野外调查、标本采集、分类学研究及资料考证,基本摸清了贵州樟科、莲叶桐科、景天科、堇菜科、柳叶菜科、鹿蹄草科、柿科、山矾科、木犀科等9个科药用植物资源的种类与地理分布.结果发现贵州现有樟科药用植物49种4变种,莲叶桐科药用植物5种,景天科药用植物21种,堇菜科药用植物19种1变种,柳叶菜科药用植物20种4变种,鹿蹄草科药用植物7种1变种,柿科药用植物9种1变种,山矾科药用植物12种,木犀科药用植物30种3变种.其中,4种为贵州特有药用植物,40种5变种为贵州药用新资源.     

重金属Pb、Cr、Cd对烟草生长的影响及其分布规律

[目的]研究重金属Pb、Cr、Cd对烟草的生理作用及其在烟草中的吸收累积规律.[方法]采用盆栽试验方法,测定烟草根、茎、叶等器官中Pb、Cr、Cd含量,分析不同重金属污染程度下烟草的株高及叶片干物质重的变化.[结果]重金属处理的土壤中烟草的株高都显著低于对照,呈现抑制作用,添加外源Pb和Cr处理下,烟草叶片干重随添加浓度的升高而降低,Cd处理则呈现出先升高后降低的趋势.Pb、Cr、Cd重金属在烟草器官中的含量均为根>茎>叶,根系中Pb、Cr、Cd的浓度与添加浓度具有较好的相关性,而叶片中只有Cd含量与添加浓度具有较好的相关性.[结论]烟草植株中的重金属主要来源于土壤,烟草对重金属的传输过程具有一定的滞阻作用.     

Effect of Wheat Middlings, Microbial Phytase, and Citric Acid on Phytate- Phosphorus, Calcium, and Protein Utilization of Broilers

A corn-soybean meal diet （CSB） （or Diet 1） containing 23% crude protein （CP） was used as the positive control, and another corn-soybean meal diet containing 21% CP and 15% wheat middlings （WM） （or Diet 2） was used as the basal diet, which was treated with four different treatments. Digestibility experiment was employed to discuss the collective effect of citric acid, and intrinsic and microbial phytase. By comparing and analyzing effects of them in the low-nutrient broiler diets, the results showed five treatments had similar effects on Tibia ash （%） （mg） （P〉0.05）. Under the supplementation of bacterial phytase or citric acid, the daily body weight gain （ADG）, gain：feed （G：F） ratio, and calcium （Ca） utilization were similar to that of standard-nutrient CSB diet （Diet 1） （P 〉 0.05）. And, fecal phosphorus （P） and CP utilization were lower than （P〈0.05） that of Diet 1. But P utilization was significantly higher than （P〈0.01） that of Diet 1. However, the ADG, G：F, and CP utilization produced by supplementation of intrinsic phytase were lower than those of Diet 1, but other aspects were similar to those produced by Diet 1 （P〉0.05）. In Diet 5, citric acid, intrinsic and bacterial phytase were added to the diet, which produced a 1.4% decrease on fecal P, a 7.2% increase on Ca utilization, which was significantly higher than （P〈0.01） those of the other four Diets, a 3.9% increase on G：F, which was similar to that of Diet 1, and a 2.3% increase on CP utilization, which was higher than （P〈0.05） that of the other three diets. In summary, the results of this study indicated that citric acid, intrinsic and bacterial phytase might have some additive or synergistic effects, and low-nutrient CSB diets with 15% wheat middlings, 750 U kg^-1 phytase, and 3% citric acid might substitute completely for standard CSB in broilers.     

我国麻黄资源的驯化栽培与开发利用研究现状

论述了我国麻黄资源的种类及主要分布区域、人工驯化栽培技术研究和开发利用现状 ,提出了麻黄栽培和深加工中存在的问题及今后该研究领域的主攻方向。