吉林省大豆品种资源研究——Ⅶ.品种抗病虫特性

<正> 鉴定筛选大豆病虫抗源是大豆抗病虫育种的基础。1980—1986年,鉴定了814份吉林省大豆品种资源对我省大豆主要病虫—大豆花叶病毒病、孢囊线虫1号和3号生理小种、霜霉病、灰斑病、大豆食心虫及大豆蚜虫的抗性。其中地方品种685份(包括78份半栽培的秣食豆),育成推广品种90份,品系39份。对孢囊线虫1号和3号生理小种、灰斑病的     

大豆孢囊线虫5号生理小种的研究

本文报道了大豆孢囊线虫5号小种的鉴定结果.以美国等目前统一应用的一套鉴别寄主的方法对蒙城县病圃里的大豆孢囊线虫进行了生理小种鉴定.该5号小种相当于美国和日本已鉴定发现的同号生理小种.     

大豆种质资源对大豆孢囊线虫4号生理小种的抗性鉴定研究

本研究旨在鉴定和评价大豆种质资源对大豆孢囊线虫4号生理小种的抗性.1988-1990年在砀山县病地里对黄淮地区1800份大豆种质资源进行了抗大豆孢囊线虫4号生理小种鉴定.结果鉴定出7个抗病品种,其中2个褐色种皮,5个黑色种皮.品种的抗性与花色、茸毛色关系密切,与株高、生育期和百粒重不相关.     

大豆胞囊线虫的生理小种鉴定结果(Ⅱ)

从我国北方大豆产区采集线虫土样,应用 A.M.Golden 等的方法和鉴别品种 Lee、Pickett、Peking、PI88788和PI00763等,于每年5月至9月在室外试验围内进厅盆栽鉴定。第二批鉴定的9份土样,共鉴定出大豆胞囊线虫的三个生理小种。即1号、3号和4号生理小种,其中1号小种来自辽宁省的义县和旅顺;3号小种分布在辽宁省沈阳市苏家屯、抚顺市、开原县、凤城县;黑龙江省的富裕县,内蒙古科左中旗的保康;4号小种采自山西省的太原市。     

大豆品种对孢囊线虫3号生理小种反应的遗传简报

<正> 大豆孢囊线虫是国内外大豆产区的一种主要病害,使大豆严重减产。1973年美国报道了大豆孢囊线虫的侵染。1984和1985年国内刘汉起和刘维志等报道了八省市25点鉴定出1,3,4号生理小种。Brim等研究证明对大豆孢囊线虫的抗性,受独立遗传的隐性基因控制。本文试图对3号生理小种抗性基因的分离做初步研究,用以指导抗线虫育种实践。材料和方法用RY91、RY8育成品系,经三年抗孢囊线虫鉴定分别确定为高抗和感线虫品种,吉林20号做亲本材料,各配制两个正反交组合。 1988年做杂交;1989年种植F_1代同时做了回交;1990年对亲本、F_1、F_2、回交群体和Essex(感病ck)种植在线虫高发生试验田内,每百克土孢囊线虫量为143。行长4m,行距     

大豆品种对孢囊线虫生理小种抗性反应的研究

国目前已鉴别的生理小种为基础,由6个省11个地点采集带有3个生理小种的土壤。结果鉴定出10个品系抗8号生理小种,其中7个品系兼抗1号生理小种,5个品系兼抗4号生理小种,共有3个品系抗1,3,4号生理小种。试验表明,对大豆孢囊线虫生理小种的抗性鉴定,可用吉林20号作为感病品种以代替Essex。     

大豆重组自交系Jinf群体苗期抗旱性与抗孢囊线虫4号小种抗性分析研究

摘 要：本文对大豆重组自交系Jinf群体进行苗期抗旱性筛选鉴定,对筛选出的抗旱材料和不抗旱材料进行抗孢囊线虫4号小种抗性鉴定,并对其抗孢囊性和抗旱性之间的抗性关系进行分析研究。结果表明：Jinf群体苗期抗旱材料抗孢囊线虫4号生理小种的抗性远高于不抗旱的材料,长籽粒株系的抗旱性和抗孢囊性潜力大。     

应县小黑豆对大豆胞囊线虫(SCN)1号生理小种的抗性遗传分析

用大豆种质PI88788和Peking与应县小黑豆的回交后代 (BC1 F2 )鉴定大豆对胞囊线虫(SCN) 1号生理小种的抗性遗传 ,结果表明 ,抗源应县小黑豆对胞囊线虫 1号生理小种的抗性遗传受隐性基因控制 ,与PI88788存在 1对基因差异 ,与Peking存在相同的抗病基因     

东北大豆品种资源对大豆胞囊线虫病抗性的鉴定

1982～1986年,对从东北大豆产区收集的地方大豆品种202份,分别以大豆胞囊线虫的1号和3号生理小种进行田间和盆栽接种鉴定。播种后40～45天,调查每株根上的白色雌虫数,以Hill、丹豆4号和Lee作为感病对照品种,Peking作为抗病对照品种。鉴定结果:有4个小黑豆品种即磨石黑豆、北京黑豆、小粒黑豆和小粒黑,表现抗大豆胞囊线虫的1号和3号生理小种;有4个秣食豆品种表现抗3号小种,但不抗1号小种。     

大豆抗孢囊线虫育种研究进展

综述了大豆抗孢囊线虫的生化机制及DNA分子标记(RFLP、RAPD)技术在大豆抗孢囊线虫病研究中的应用,大豆抗孢囊线虫各个生理小种的遗传分析,大豆抗孢囊线虫病育种的研究概况及抗病品种鉴定方法的进展,并对未来研究方向作了展望.     

黄淮地区大豆胞囊线虫生理小种的抽样调查与研究

 【目的】探讨黄淮地区大豆胞囊线虫（Heterodera glycines Ichinohe）的种类及其分布。【方法】2001～2003年在黄淮大豆产区依据Riggs的鉴别模式对38个地点大豆胞囊线虫（SCN）生理小种作抽样调查，并结合文献资料，绘制出黄淮地区大豆胞囊线虫生理小种分布图。【结果】大豆胞囊线虫主要分布在山东、河北、北京、山西大部分地区、河南东部与北部、安徽北部；在山西南部及河南西南部地区的抽样调查中未检测到大豆胞囊线虫。其中1号生理小种主要分布在山东济南以南及以东地区，河南北部与河北南部交界地区，河南漯河、周口及安徽阜阳地区。4号生理小种主要分布在河南、山东、安徽交界地区，山西、北京地区，以及山东黄河三角洲地区。2号生理小种主要分布在山东聊城、德州地区，河北石家庄地区，河南焦作、获嘉地区。7号生理小种主要分布在山东半岛和河南开封、滑县、温县等地。5号生理小种在河南和河北有零星分布。另外，在河南商丘地区新发现有9号生理小种。【结论】黄淮地区的优势小种是1号和4号生理小种，抗线虫育种应该以兼抗1号和4号生理小种为主要目标。各生理小种的分布没有明显分界，优势小种分布区域中存在其他生理小种。在过去的10年中，该地区生理小种的组成相对稳定，本研究结果可供大豆抗线虫育种参考。     

Phytophthora sojae Races in Northeast of China and Virulence Evaluation of the Isolates

42 isolates of P. sojae were obtained from diseased soybean plants in 9 counties of Heilongjiang Province and 1 county of Jilin Province in Northeast of China. 11 isolates were classified into 3 races ;the rest that could not be classified due to intermediate reactions were classified into 12 virulence types, suggesting virulence diversity of P. sojae in China. Isolates represented race 1,3 and 8. Race 1 was the most prevalent one.and races 3 and 8 were the first report in China. Our results suggest P. sojae is aboriginal in China.     

大豆抗孢囊线虫3号生理小种相关基因PCR检测方法的建立与应用

根据甜菜的抗线虫病基因保守序列,设计合成了4对引物,从中筛选出1对引物,对8份经抗孢囊线虫3号生理小种常规鉴定的大豆品种(6份抗病、2份感病)进行了PCR检测.结果表明,6份抗病品种出现了1条600bp的特异片段,而2份感病品种未出现任何条带.这与常规鉴定结果相一致.PCR Sothern杂交验证了所获得特异片段与抗线虫病基因的同源性,证明使用该方法检测大豆抗孢囊线虫病基因简单、快速、方便、可行.     

Breeding Soybeans for Resistance to Physiological Race 4 of Cyst Nematode

Soybean cyst nematode causes serious damage to soybean production. In 1991, we started breeding studies on the resistance of soybeans to the cyst nematode. We found that near the Beijing area the dominant race of the cyst nematode was race 4. We made more than 50 combinations of cross. The best combination was Dan 8 × PI 437654 which resulted in marked segregation in plant height, pod habit, resistance to cyst nematode and maturity. We obtained many new soybean lines highly resistant to the cyst nematode through the pedigree method of selection, enlarging the number of plants of good combinations, alternative breeding in the North and in the South, and identification at an early generation. We now have released three soybean cultivars, Zhonghuang 12, Zhonghuang 13 and Zhonghuang 17 with moderate resistance to the cyst nematode in Beijing, Anhui, Tianjin and Northern China. In addition, we obtained many lines which were highly resistant to the cyst nematode.     

黑龙江省大豆疫霉菌生理小种鉴定及大豆种质的抗性评价

 研究大豆疫霉菌生理小种、大豆种质资源的抗病性和耐病性,旨在为有效的病害防治奠定基础。对来源于黑龙江省5个县(市)和1个国营农场的18个大豆疫霉菌分离物进行生理小种鉴定,共鉴别出5个大豆疫霉菌生理小种,其中两个小种的毒力公式分别为7和6,7,与国际上已报道的1号和13号小种相同,另外3个小种为未报道的新小种,1号小种为佳木斯优势生理小种。在145份黑龙江省大豆种质中,有10个选育品种、6个地方品种和19个育成品系抗1号小种,占鉴定资源的24.14%,其中地方品种中抗病材料仅为10.00%,这表明黑龙江省大豆抗性资源相对较少。在鉴定的选育品种和地方品种中未发现高耐品种。     

中国小黑豆对大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的抗性遗传研究

用大豆胞囊线虫（Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｄｅｒａｇｌｙｃｉｎｅｓ）３号生理小种接种抗病品种小粒黑豆、连毛会黑豆、磨石黑豆与感病品种铁丰２４号、铁丰１８号、开育１０号杂交组合，根据Ｆ２代分析结果，小粒黑豆在铁丰２４号背景下表现出有两对抗病基因，在开育１０号的背景下由４对显性抗病基因控制对３号小种的抗性，磨石黑豆在铁丰２４号背景下有两对隐性抗病基因，铁丰１８号×连毛会黑豆组合Ｆ２代分离表现为三对基因的互补作用。     

大豆胞囊线虫病的抗性机制研究

大豆胞囊线虫病是一种危害大豆的重要病害,引起大豆根系发育受阻和群体产量严重下降。为了进一步研究大豆胞囊线虫病的抗性机制,并对其进行有效的防治,综述了大豆胞囊线虫病的生理分化以及大豆胞囊线虫病的抗性基因和分子机制,对大豆胞囊线虫病抗性研究及品种选育进行了展望。     

Chemical mutagenesis and soybean mutants potential for identification of novel genes conferring resistance to soybean cyst nematode

The resistance of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) to soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe), which is a devastating pathogen in soybean production and causes a large quantity of annual yield loss worldwide, can shift during the long-term interaction and domestication. It is vital to identify more new resistance genetic sources for identification of novel genes underlying resistance to SCN for management of this pathogen. In the present study, first, two ethane methylsulfonate-mutagenesis soybean M2 populations of PI 437654, which shows a broad resistance to almost all of SCN races, and Zhonghuang 13, which is a soybean cultivar in China conferring strong resistance to lodging, were developed. Many types of morphological phenotypes such as four- and five-leaflet leaves were observed from these two soybean M2 populations. Second, 13 mutants were identified and confirmed to exhibit alteration of resistance to SCN race 4 through the forward genetic screening of 400 mutants of the PI 437654 M2 population, the rate of mutants with alteration of SCN-infection phenotype is 3.25%. Third, these identified mutants were further verified not to show any changes in the genomic sequences of the three known SCN-resistant genes, GmSHMT08, GmSNAP18 and GmSANP11, compared to the wild-type soybean; and all of them were still resistant to SCN race 3 similar to the wild-type soybean. Taken together, we can conclude that the 13 mutants identified in the present study carry the mutations of the new gene(s) which contribute(s) to the resistance to SCN race 4 in PI 437654 and can be potentially used as the genetic soybean sources to further identify the novel SCN-resistant gene(s).     

Sampling Survey and Identification of Races of Soybean Cyst Nematode （Heterodera glycines Ichinohe） in Huang-Huai Valleys

Soybean cyst nematode （SCN Heterodera glycines Ichinohe） is one of the most important nationwide soybean diseases in China. A total of 38 soil specimens or locations in the area was sampled and tested for SCN races during 2001-2003 for the inspection of race distribution in Huang-Huai Valleys. A map of race distribution was constructed according to the data from both the present study and the published reports cited. Three areas, namely, the area of southeast to Jinan in Shangdong Province; the area of northern Henan Province and its border region to south of Hebei Province; and the area of Luohe, Zhoukou of Henan Province and Fuyang of Anhui Province mainly infested with Race 1 were identified. Race 4 was predominant in Shanxi Province, Beijing and the adjacent area of Henan, Shandong, and Anhui provinces, and the delta of Huanghe River in Shandong Province. Race 2 was mainly found in Liaocheng, Dezhou of Shangdong Province and Shijiazhuang of Hebei Province, and Jiaozuo and Huojia of Henan Province. Race 7 was distributed in the west part of Jiaodong Peninsula of Shandong Province and Kaifeng, Huaxian, Wenxian of Henan Province. Race 5 was found and scattered in Hebei and Henan Province. Race 9 was found in Shangqiu of Henan Province, which was reported for the first time in China. It can be seen that Race 1 and Race 4 were the two predominant races in Huang-Huai Valleys, and that research should focus on developing resistant cultivars of these races. There might exist other races in an area with some predominant races. The race substitution in the past decade was not obviously found, therefore, the results should be meaningful to future breeding for resistance to SCN in Huang-Huai Valleys.