一株氯氰菊酯降解菌的分离和鉴定

从氯氰菊酯污染土壤中,分离到一株氯氰菊酯的降解菌,命名为HF12-8.根据形态、生理生化和16S rDNA聚类分析、Biolog GN测试等,将该菌株初步鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌.HF12-8能够以氯氰菊酯或联苯菊酯为唯一碳源生长,5 d内对20 mg·L-1的氯氰菊酯和联苯菊酯降解率分别为93.03%和58%.     

一株高效降解氯氰菊酯细菌的分离鉴定及降解特性

筛选分离氯氰菊(cypermethrin)高效降解细菌,研究其降解特性.根据分离菌株的生理生化特征以及16SrDNA序列同源性分析鉴定降解菌;气相色谱法测定该菌降解氯氰菊酯的能力;利用化学消除剂消除细菌质粒,测定消除质粒后细菌降解能力,初步定位降解酶基因.从长期使用氯氰菊酯的土壤中筛选分离出三株优势菌,编号为LF-1、LF-2和LF-3.选择对氯氰菊酯降解潜力最高的菌株LF-l进行鉴定和降解特性研究.LF-1初步鉴定为kurthiasp.,该菌降解氯氰菊酯最适pH和温度分别为7、35 ℃;在最佳降解条件下培养8天,对100mg/L氯氰菊酯降解率达80.15%,LF-1还能降解甲氰菊酯、联苯菊酯等菊酯类农药.经SDS或EB消除质粒后,LF-1降解氯氰菊酯的能力丧失,表明该菌降解基因可能位于质粒DNA.LF-1能有效的降解多种菊酯类农药,该研究为菊酯类农药的生物修复提供理论依据.     

氯氰菊酯农药降解菌株的稳定性研究

通过氯氰菊酯农药生产车间下水道中的农药的混合微生物富集驯化培养获得降解氯氰菊酯降解菌.在富集培养基中分别传代5、10、15代,传代温度是30 ℃,pH值7.0,该混合微生物呈现不同的生长曲线.继代5代的氯氰菊酯农药降解能力为55%,继代10代的氯氰菊酯农药降解能力为52%,继代15代的氯氰菊酯农药降解能力为50%,表明该菌具有较好的降解能力稳定性.     

具氯氰菊酯降解功能的植物内生细菌分离鉴定及降解特性研究

从上海郊区某农药厂附近生长的牛筋草中分离到一株能以氯氰菊酯作为唯一碳源生长的植物内生菌,命名为A-24。该菌在48 h内对20 mg·L^-1的氯氰菊酯的降解率为91.8%,72 h内可完全降解氯氰菊酯。通过生理生化观察,结合16S rRNA基因序列分析,将该菌株鉴定为Achromobacter sp.。菌株A-24降解氯氰菊酯的最适温度和pH分别为30℃和7.0;当菌株A-24的接种量≥2%时,其对20 mg·L^-1氯氰菊酯的降解效果较好,降解率在80%以上;当氯氰菊酯浓度≤50 mg·L^-1时,菌株A-24对氯氰菊酯有较高的降解率,降解率在70%以上。通过HPLC鉴定降解产物3-苯氧基苯甲酸,推测氯氰菊酯通过酯键断裂生成二氯菊酸和3-苯氧基苯甲醛,然后3-苯氧基苯甲醛生成3-苯氧基苯甲酸。本研究结果为利用功能内生细菌调控植物代谢氯氰菊酯,进而有效规避作物污染风险提供新途径。     

氯氰菊酯降解菌株CDT3的分离鉴定及生理特性研究

采用室内培养试验方法,从农药厂污泥中分离到一株降解氯氰菊酯的放线菌 (命名为 CDT3),并对该菌进行了鉴定,研究了其生理特性.结果表明, CDT3能以共代谢的方式降解氯氰菊酯,经 16SrDNA序列分析,鉴定为红球菌属( Rhodococcus sp.).降解性能验证显示在摇瓶中对 100 mg· L-1氯氰菊酯 72 h降解效率达到 84.24%. CDT3在 LB培养基中经 15 h达到稳定期,在葡萄糖铵盐培养基中经 25 h达到稳定期.生长条件的初步研究显示 ,其最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适有机氮源为酵母膏,无机氮源为硫酸铵,最适温度 30℃,最适 pH 8.0.无机盐利用试验表明 ,当添加 1%的磷酸二氢钾, 0.2%的氯化钠, 0.2%的硫酸镁, 0.05%的碳酸钙时菌体生长良好;抗生素试验表明 ,CDT3对多种抗生素均敏感.小区试验中对茶叶上氯氰菊酯的降解率达到 68.94%.     

高效氯氰菊酯降解菌BCC01的分离鉴定研究

[目的]分离鉴定高效氯氰菊酯降解菌。[方法]从拟除虫菊酯农药污水淤泥中,分离得到15株芽孢杆菌,通过降解HPLC测定降解活性,其中1株对高效氯氰菊酯具有较高活性,对其进行形态、生理生化16S rDNA聚类分析鉴定其种属。[结果]该菌株命名为BCC01,鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌,能够以高效氯氰菊酯为唯一碳源生长,4 d内对50 mg/L的高效氯氰菊酯降解率为86.8%。[结论]BCC01是对高效氯氰菊酯具有高降解活性的蜡样芽孢杆菌。     

氯氰菊酯降解菌的筛选及降解率的测定

为控制农业生产中的农药污染和为生物修复提供科学依据,对山西运城和陕西延安长期受氯氰菊酯污染的土壤进行氯氰菊酯降解菌的分离、筛选及降解率测定.结果,从污染土壤中分离到17个可降解氯氰菊酯的菌株,当氯氰菊酯浓度为450 mg/L时,其中菌株B5的降解率最高,达76.3%,该菌株的较优碳、氮源分别为可溶性淀粉、NH4NO3,在培养基(可溶性淀粉3%、NH4NO30.3%、NaCl 0.5%、K2HPO40.1%)中,(37±1)℃、180 r/min培养12 h,其菌体OD600为3.49.     

光合细菌对氯氰菊酯的降解作用

采用气相色谱法研究光合细菌对氯氰菊酯的降解作用。结果表明,氯氰菊酯的浓度为0.1μg/mL时,光合细菌对其降解率在8 h1、8 h和36 h时分别达到62.1%、83.4%、91.8%,液体中的氯氰菊酯被快速富集于光合细菌菌体内;在10 h时,光合细菌体内氯氰菊酯含量最高达0.062μg/mL。随着光合细菌的生长代谢,菌体内的氯氰菊酯逐渐被降解。30 h时,菌体内的氯氰菊酯浓度降低至0.017μg/mL,120 h后被完全降解消除。     

联苯菊酯降解菌的筛选及降解特性研究

从杨凌某农药生产厂的下水道污泥中分离出一株联苯菊酯降解菌.根据形态、生理生化分析,初步鉴定为假单胞菌属,并命名为LBX3.该菌可以联苯菊酯为唯一碳源生长.试验结果表明,LBX3降解联苯菊酯的最适pH为7.0,最适温度为30℃.在pH为7的基础盐培养基中,150 r/min摇床培养第5天,LBX3对200 mg/L的联苯菊酯的降解率达到72.5%.     

氯氰菊酯降解菌Y-3的诱变育种与筛选

以从菠菜叶片内分离到对氯氰菊酯降解率较高的菌株Y-3(Corynebacterium vitarumen)为出发菌,进行化学诱变和紫外诱变.结果显示,DES对菌株Y-3的最佳诱变条件为2%60 min、3%40 min和4%20 min,紫外线对对菌株Y-3的最佳诱变条件为5 cm 8 min、10 cm 20 min和15 cm 30 min.通过诱变与筛选,最终获得13株突变株,与野生菌株对比,7株突变株对氯氰菊酯的降解率有明显的提高,其中有3株突变株具有一定的遗传稳定性.     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。