顺式氯氰菊酯微乳液的微观结构

利用粘度法和电导法研究了顺式氯氰菊酯微乳液微观结构的变化,对其形成机理进行了探讨,并用偏光显微镜和透射电镜等手段进行了表征。研究发现顺式氯氰菊酯微乳液体系随水相含量的增加分别形成了W/O型微乳液、层状液晶、双连续结构和O/W型微乳液;表面活性剂和醇分子之间依靠氢键和范德华力形成各向异性的类线形大分子,被破坏和重排是层状液晶结构区显示出异常流变特性和不规则电导率变化的主要原因。     

高油酸油菜品种比较试验

高油酸油菜油品质可与茶油、橄榄油媲美,且油菜种植周期短、简单易行,可以快速扩大种植面积。推广高油酸油菜对中国农业结构调整具有重要意义。采取随机区组排列法,对7个高油酸油菜品种进行比较研究。结果表明,6161全生育期较对照沣油520早6 d,产量2 764.00 kg/hm2,芥酸含量未检出,硫苷<30μmol/g,油酸含量达到80.10%,居第1位,含油量46.16%,居第2位,达到高油酸品种和品种登记要求;C718全生育期与对照沣油520相当,产量2 537.50 kg/hm2,芥酸含量未检出,硫苷<30μmol/g,油酸含量达到78.20%,居第2位,含油量达到48.26%,居第1位,达到高油酸品种和品种登记要求,但是株高较高,产量较对照沣油520略低,应开展进一步研究。     

复合温度对玉米淀粉-油酸包合物热分解和消化性质的影响

分别采用DMSO/H2O法制备高直链玉米淀粉-油酸包合物和HCl/KOH法制备普通玉米淀粉-油酸包合物,研究复合温度对其热分解性质和消化性质的影响.研究结果表明:随复合温度的升高,高直链玉米淀粉-油酸包合物的最快反应速率对应温度升高,相对消化率和预期血糖指数先升高再降低;普通玉米淀粉-油酸包合物的最快反应速率对应温度、相对消化率和预期血糖指数降低.红外图谱表明淀粉与油酸形成了包合物.     

油酸甲酯对多杀菌素发酵合成的影响

本文旨在研究油酸甲酯对多杀菌素发酵合成的影响。主要用油酸甲酯替代基础培养基中的淀粉及在不同的发酵周期添加不同数量的油酸甲酯对多杀菌素发酵结果的影响。试验结果表明,基础料中添加油酸甲酯的量不宜超过4%;发酵周期72、 120、 168h 3个时间点添加油酸甲酯时,120h添加效果最好,添加的油酸甲酯的数量以6%最佳,其效价比对照平均高出33.6%,而且油酸甲酯的利用率更为合理。本试验为多杀菌素的工业化生产提供了可靠依据。     

花生油酸/亚油酸(O/L)比值的AFLP分子标记筛选

通过采用不同的酶切组合,即EcoRⅠ/MseⅠ组合240对引物、PstⅠ/MseⅠ组合96对引物、PstⅠ/TaqⅠ组合96对引物,分别对花生高油酸品种Sunoleic95R和低油酸品种汕油162进行AFLP分析.分析了两亲本之间的差异,回收了72条AFLP多态性条带,在所选定高和低O/L比值亲本材料之间建立了AFLP...     

江西省油茶油酸含量气象评价模型研究

【目的】明确江西省油茶油酸含量的关键气象因子和关系模型,为江西省油茶品质气候评价及油茶品质气候区划等提供技术参考。【方法】利用6份油茶油酸含量检测数据（2018—2019年江西九江市柴桑区、丰城市和万安县油茶油酸含量检测数据）和同期气象数据（2018—2019年逐日平均气温、最低气温、最高气温、降水量、平均相对湿度和日照时数等）,采用相关分析和线性回归方法,研究影响江西油茶油酸含量的关键气象因子,建立江西省油茶油酸含量气象评价模型,再利用10组油茶油酸含量检测数据（2018—2019年江西省10家油茶基地油茶油酸含量检测数据）和同期气象数据对评价模型进行检验。【结果】影响江西省油茶油酸含量的关键气象因子有10月下旬—11月下旬降水日数（X₂）、3月极端最高气温（X₆）、8月下旬—9月下旬气温日较差（X₉）和10月下旬—11月下旬日照时数（X₁₂）,其中10月下旬—11月下旬降水日数对油茶油酸含量影响最大。研究建立的油酸含量（Y）气象评价模型为Y=0.1777X₂+0.1078X₆+0.2320X₉-0.0152X₁₂+75.5950,模型决定系数R2=0.9871。模型检验结果显示,油茶油酸含量评价值与实测值之差在±5%以内,模型对油酸含量等级的评价结果准确率为70%。【结论】依据关键气象因子建立的江西省油茶油酸含量气象评价模型准确率较高,能较好地反映气象条件对油茶油酸含量的影响程度,可应用于江西省油茶气候品质评价,同时可为油茶品质气候区划提供参考。     

基于CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑的高油酸大豆品系创制

高油酸能够显著提升大豆食用油的稳定性和食用价值，是大豆品质改良的育种目标之一。为提高大豆籽粒油酸含量，本研究采用CRISPR/Cas9多基因编辑技术，同时敲除负调控大豆油酸含量的2个关键基因GmFAD2-1A和GmFAD2-1B。采用农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节转化方法获得20株T₀代阳性苗，但发生基因编辑的株系只有11个，其中GmFAD2-1A发生突变的有7株，GmFAD2-1B发生突变的有10株，这2个基因同时发生突变的有6株。经过加代纯合后，检测转基因株系(T₃代)大豆籽粒的脂肪酸组分，发现油酸含量显著提升，最高达81.38%,而亚油酸含量则显著降低，获得了高油酸新种质。本研究采取多基因敲除策略，成功突变大豆基因GmFAD2-1A和GmFAD2-1B,并获得高油酸大豆突变体株系，为高油酸大豆育种提供了新的种质资源。     

油菜高油酸种质的创建及高油酸性状遗传与生理特性的分析

【目的】创建高油酸（high oleic,HO）油菜新种质,探明HO新种质中高油酸性状的遗传模式,明确HO新种质油酸含量变化的生理特性,为培育HO油菜新品种奠定基础。【方法】采用辐射处理油菜萌动发芽种子,获得初级诱变群体后在后续世代利用极端选择法结合小孢子培养技术筛选油菜HO新种质。以HO新种质分别与3个不同遗传背景的常规油菜品系为亲本组合杂交构建6个世代（P₁、P₂、F₁、BC₁P₁、BC₁P₂和F₂）的遗传群体,测定各群体脂肪酸含量后应用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型联合分析方法对遗传群体的高油酸性状进行遗传分析。测定HO新种质种子发芽过程中子叶、不同温度处理下苗期营养器官以及角果成熟过程中种子的油酸含量,明确其变化规律及生理效应。【结果】通过辐射获得油酸含量显著变化的初级诱变群体,在后续世代持续利用极端选择法得到平均油酸含量升高20个百分点的高世代群体,采用小孢子培养得到纯合稳定的油菜HO双单倍体群体,最终根据品质性状筛选成功得到HO新种质B161,其油脂中油酸含量为85%,亚麻酸含量为3%。以B161为HO亲本和常规品系杂交配置得到3个具有不同遗传背景的遗传群体并测定获得各群体的油酸含量表型数据。脂肪酸含量相关性分析表明,十八碳脂肪酸中油酸含量与亚油酸含量和亚麻酸含量具有显著负相关关系。遗传分析结果表明,该种质中高油酸性状由2对具有加性效应的主效基因控制,并且2对基因对油酸含量的效应值接近。生理分析表明,常温下HO品系营养器官（根、茎、叶和叶柄）的油酸含量均显著高于常规品系,亚麻酸含量显著低于常规品系。低温下HO品系营养器官的油酸含量降低,但仍高于常规品系;常规品系油酸含量在低温下稳定。低温下两类品系营养器官的亚麻酸含量均显著提高,但HO品系亚麻酸含量仍低于常规品系。在种子成熟过程和种子发芽过程中,HOLL品系中油酸含量持续显著高于常规油菜,而亚麻酸含量则持续显著低于常规油菜。【结论】成功创制了油菜HO新品系B161,明确了新种质HO性状的遗传规律和生理特性。获得的HO品系具有潜在育种利用价值。     

栽培因子对油菜油酸含量的影响

采用二次正交旋转组合设计研究氮、磷、钾、硫、柠檬酸、油菜索内酯对油菜油酸含量的作用效果.单因素效应分析氮肥施用量与油酸含量呈直线负相关.磷肥、钾肥施用量与油酸含量都呈二次曲线负相关.在一定范围内,施用磷肥、钾肥有利于油菜油酸含量的提高,过量则降低油酸含量.硫肥施用量与油酸含量呈直线正相关.该试验条件下在低氮、中磷、中钾、高硫水平下可以获得较高的油酸含量:当纯氮、纯磷、纯钾、纯硫的含量分别为0、112.5、112.5、60 kg/hm2时获得最高油酸含量67.51%.油菜素内酯和柠檬酸的效果不显著,可能与施用时期和施用量有关.     

平菇菌渣对高油酸花生产量的影响

本研究基于商丘市高油酸花生产业发展实际需要,以探索推进商丘食用菌产业与花生产业协同高质量可持续发展的新技术路径,通过设立田间对比试验,比较分析了施用平菇菌渣对高油酸花生产量、产量构成要素相关指标的影响,探讨了菌渣替代复合肥以提升高油酸花生种植经济效益的可行性。结果表明,施用一定量的平菇菌渣替代复合肥应用于高油酸花生豫花65,对于花生产量、产量构成要素相关指标均具有较好的提升作用;施用菌渣7 500.00 kg/hm2替代50%复合肥时,高油酸花生的产量、平均百果重、百仁重、出仁率最高。     

Changed lyotropic liquid crystalline structure due to polymerization of the amphiphilic component

Optical patterns in polarized light and x-ray reflections in the low-angle region were used to detect a shift from one liquid crystalline structure to another during polymerization. The polymerization took place in a Iotropic liquid crystal of water and sodium undecenoate, with a structure consisting of cylinders in a two-dimensional hexagonal close packing. After polymerization, a lamellar liquid crystalline structure was obtained.     

X-ray Diffraction to 302 Gigapascals: High-Pressure Crystal Structure of Cesium Iodide

X-ray diffraction measurements have been carried out on cesium iodide (CsI) to 302 gigapascals with a platinum pressure standard. The results indicate that above 200 gigapascals CsI at 300 K has a hexagonal close-packed crystal structure with the ideal c/a ratio of 1.63 +/- 0.01. The crystal structure and pressure-volume relations converge at high pressure with those of solid xenon, which is isoelectronic with CsI. The results indicate a significant loss of ionic bonding in the hexagonal close-packed metallic phase of CsI at ultrahigh pressure.     

不同方法制备的ZnS粉体的光催化性能

采用3种方法制备了结晶度良好的ZnS粉体,采用XRD、FT-IR等技术对其结构和理化性能进行表征.结果表明:采用不同方法制备的ZnS粉体均为六方晶系,其中采用水热法合成的ZnS粒径为10-20 nm;不论在紫外光还是在可见光下ZnS粉体均对亚甲基蓝具有较高的脱色率,呈现出良好的光催化性能.     

复杂天然气管网系统运行期可靠性评价体系

中国天然气管道行业正朝着规模化、网络化方向发展,整个管网系统运行期的输气保障能力受到广泛关注,对其完成输送任务的可靠性进行评价显得尤为重要。为了保障大型天然气管网系统安全、高效运行与管理,对管网系统可靠性指标、系统可靠度计算、单元可靠度计算、可靠性数据及可靠性管理开展了研究。提出了包括可靠性类、维修性类以及健壮性类的3层系统可靠性评价指标体系,建立了基于管道工艺仿真的物理管网系统可靠度分布式阶梯计算模型,能够实现管网/管道/站场系统可靠度的简化、快速计算。将该计算模型在某压气站进行案例试算,按照站场系统→典型结构→基本回路→设备单元的顺序,将管网拓扑结构由上至下拆分为不同层级的可靠性框图,再利用单体设备可靠度由下至上依次计算各层级可靠度,获得该压气站在不同压缩机启停方案下的可靠度。该研究成果为今后持续开展大型天然气管网系统可靠性评价及管理奠定了基础。     

"Tubules-Within-a-Tubule" Hierarchical Order of Mesoporous Molecular Sieves in MCM-41

The recently discovered mesoporous aluminosilicate MCM-41 consists of hexagonal arrays of nanometer-sized cylindrical pores. It is shown that this material can be synthesized by cooperative condensation of silicate and cylindrical cationic micelles. Careful control of the surfactant-water content and the rate of condensation of silica at high alkalinity resulted in hollow tubules 0.3 to 3 micrometers in diameter. The wall of the tubules consisted of coaxial cylindrical pores, nanometers in size, that are characteristic of those of MCM-41. The formation of this higher order structure may take place through a liquid crystal phase transformation mechanism involving an anisotropic membrane-to-tubule phase change. The hierarchical organization of this "tubules-within-a-tubule" particle texture is similar to that of the frustules of marine diatoms.     

Mesostructure design with gemini surfactants: supercage formation in a three-dimensional hexagonal array

At low temperatures, liquid crystal-like arrays made up of inorganic-cluster and organic molecular units readily undergo reversible lyotropic transformations. Gemini surfactants, with two quaternary ammonium head groups separated by a methylene chain of variable length and with each head group attached to a hydrophobic tail, can be used to control organic charge sitting relative to the bivariable hydrophobic tail configurations. This approach has led to the synthesis of a mesophase (SBA-2) that has three-dimensional hexagonal (P6(3)/mmc) symmetry, regular supercages that can be dimensionally tailored, and a large inner surface area. This mesostructure analog of a zeolite cage structure does not appear to have a lyotropic surfactant or lipid liquid crystal mesophase counterpart. Through the modification of gemini charge separation and each of the two organic tails, these syntheses can be used to optimize templating effects, including the synthesis of MCM-48 at room temperature.     

Lunar troilite: crystallography

Fine, euhedral crystals of troilite from lunar sample 10050 show a hexagonal habit consistent with the high-temperature NiAs-type structure. Complete three-dimensional counter intensity data have been measured and used to confirm and refine Bertaut's proposed low-temperature crystal structure.     

Crystallography of the hexagonal ferrites

The hexagonal ferrites form an unusual group of complex, ferrimagnetic oxides embodying some 60 known crystal structures. These include phases for which the structural unit cell is larger than that in any known inorganic materials. The various hexagonal ferrite modifications fall into two distinct structural series, each formed by the ordered interlayering (stacking) of two discrete building blocks; these blocks stack along the c crystallographic axis in varying ratios and varying permutations to form strictly coherent, reproducible crystal structures. This mixed-layering aspect of the hexagonal ferrites permits direct, visual observation of the sequence of their subunit-cell stacking elements, after etching, by means of electron microscopy. The sequence of stacked blocks in such structures constitutes the only information lacking for a complete, three-dimensional structure determination. Direct access to this information provides an immediate, unique solution of the crystal structure problem in each case and thereby avoids the dilemmas of a classical diffraction approach to such large unit cells. Ferrite structures with hexagonal c dimensions of 1455 and 1577 angstroms have been uniquely solved by direct electron microscopic readout of surface etch features. One must exercise caution, however, in generalizing these findings to other materials. The method is successful in the case of the hexagonal ferrites because these are mixed-layer structures, wherein the building blocks react at different rates to a specific etchant. Mixed-layer systems are not uncommon in crystallography, and it is likely that similar techniques can be developed for other such materials. Regardless of the validity of this prognosis, however, it is quite evident that high-resolution replica electron microscopy is a most promising tool for the direct observation of surface structure on an ultramicro scale. During the studies reported here replica resolution capability was improved to about 10 angstroms; final resolution is limited by the particle size of the platinum shadowing material. Careful control of experimental conditions during replica preparation or an alternate choice of shadowing material, or both, might reasonably improve the resolution by a factor of 2. This resolution is within the range of most unit cell dimensions and approaches interatomic distances in solid-state materials. The potential of such an experimental capability needs no elaboration.     

醋蛋泡制工艺的确定及醋蛋液的酶解

通过对醋蛋泡制工艺研究及其参数的单因素试验.结果表明,工艺3(原料→第1次浸泡→破衣→搅拌→第2次浸泡→粗滤→成品)效果最好,泡制的醋蛋液比较均匀,无结块,无蛋壳.在泡制天数为2 d、泡制温度为4 ℃～25 ℃和用醋量为150 ml时,醋蛋液水解液的ACE抑制活性最高.最终酶解产物中组分的相对分子质量主要分布在108～1 201之间.