潜江市2018年北粳南引品比试验总结

通过北方粳稻品种南方引种栽培对比试验,摸索了江汉平原地区优质、高效、绿色粳稻种植_^[1]的适宜品种、播期、生育期和经济性状,总结了配套的栽培技术_^[2],为下一步在虾、稻种养共作模式田种植晚粳打下了基础,为当地种植模式的提质增效及产业结构调整布局_^[_³_^]提供了技术参考。     

高油酸花生新品种鉴定筛选报告

通过对泉高油酸1号、3号、泉花13号等8个高油酸花生新品种进行对比试验,结果表明：泉花13号荚果产量最高每667m_²为271kg,排名第一,比对照增产21.5%,具有茎杆粗状,生长强,抗倒伏,抗病性强,双仁果多,油酸含量高达79.5%,可作为适合龙岩咸酥花生加工种植的品种。     

玉米控减施肥技术专项试验研究

为探索不同控减施肥对玉米产量的影响,以及玉米炭基专用肥的施用效果,本研究设计了6个不同施肥处理的对比试验。试验结果表明,施用玉米炭基专用肥处理的玉米生物性状最好,产量最高,为9020.45 kg/hm_²,比与玉米炭基专用肥等养分单质的肥料增产14.92%,为本试验控减施肥技术的最佳施肥处理,同时,施用玉米炭基专用肥的产投比最高,达到了节本增效的目的。     

机械化施肥对水稻产量及经济效益影响

通过田间试验研究不同施肥方式对水稻产量及经济效益影响。结果表明,机械施肥较人工施肥有效增产225 kg/hm²,增幅2.4%；肥料农学利用率和肥料偏生产力均提高0.6kg/kg；施肥节本180元/ hm²；总节本增收855元/ hm²,增幅3.3%,产投比提高0.9,机械施肥有利于农业的可持续发展。     

芥蓝新品种“金品1290”特征特性及栽培技术

芥蓝新品种“金品1290”2016年通过福建省农作物品种认定,表现耐寒性较好、耐湿性强、抗病、品质佳、商品性好、产量高,适宜福建省秋冬季种植。试验表明,福州地区秋冬季采用直播方式种植,以主薹及薹叶一次性采收为主从播种到采收50d左右,每667m²产量1000kg左右；以大颗菜一次性采收为主从播种到采收60d左右,每667m²产量1800kg左右；以主薹及再生侧薹多次采收的,播种至收获主薹约需60d,侧薹长度在18cm左右时即可采收,收获时间可达60d以上。该文总结芥蓝新品种“金品1290”特征特性及高产栽培技术。     

中国马铃薯土壤氮磷钾丰缺指标与适宜施肥量

为了给我国马铃薯测土施肥提供科学依据,采用理论数据法、土壤养分含量与缺素处理相对产量回归方程法和“养分平衡—地力差减法”确定适宜施肥量新应用公式,开展了我国马铃薯土壤氮、磷、钾丰缺指标与适宜施肥量研究。结果表明,我国马铃薯土壤第1～7级全氮丰缺指标依次为≥2.22、1.55～2.22、1.08～1.55、0.76～1.08、0.53～0.76、0.37～0.53和＜0.37 g/kg,碱解氮依次为≥316、208～316、136～208、90～136、59～90、39～59和＜39 mg/kg；北方土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)第1～7级丰缺指标依次为≥51、25～51、13～25、6～13、3～6、1.5～3和＜1.5 mg/kg,南方土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)第1～6级丰缺指标依次为≥81、43～81、27～43、15～27、4～15和＜4 mg/kg；我国土壤速效钾(NH<sub>4</sub>OAc-K)第1～6级丰缺指标依次为≥307、182～307、120～182、72～120、31～72和＜31 mg/kg。当氮、磷、钾肥当季利用率分别为40%、20%和50%,马铃薯目标产量15~75 t/hm<sub>2</sub>时,土壤养分丰缺级别第1~7级的适宜施氮量范围依次为0～0、23～113、45～225、68～338、90～450、113～563和135～675 kg/hm<sub>2</sub>,适宜施磷量范围依次为0～0、12～60、24～120、36～180、48～240、60～300和72～360 kg/hm<sub>2</sub>,适宜施钾量范围依次为0～0、21～105、42～210、63～315、84～420、105～525和126～630 kg/hm<sub>2</sub>。     

拜泉县上升乡绿色肉鹅食品产地环境质量综合评价研究

调查和测定了拜泉县上升乡进步小流域内的土壤养分和重金属以及水质pH、氟化物、氰化物和重金属等的含量,并对土壤质量和水质量进行了分析和评价,以期为在实际生产中为绿色肉鹅食品的生产基地的选择提供理论依据和数据支撑。研究结果表明,本区域的土壤肥力高,为1等级别；土壤重金属含量均符合绿色食品产地的土壤环境质量标准,综合指数P<sub>综</sub>≤0.7,属于安全等级,达到了1级标准；水质量符合绿色食品产地环境质量中的禽畜用水质量的标准,水质单项污染指数均<1.0,综合污染指数≤0.5,水质量等级为1级。因此,在典型调查区域内,利用不同的土地利用类型推行肉鹅的放牧式散养模式,是发展寒地绿色肉鹅食品的理想场所。     

添加外源脂肪酶对瓦氏黄颡鱼的生长、消化酶及血清生化指标的影响

为考察添加脂肪酶酶制剂对瓦氏黄颡鱼生长、消化酶以及血清生化指标的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加0mg/kg、100mg/kg、300mg/kg、500mg/kg脂肪酶制剂,饲喂平均体重(3.47±0.05)g的瓦氏黄颡鱼90d。试验结果表明:添加脂肪酶100mg/kg、300mg/kg、500mg/kg组分别比对照组增重率提高3.86%(P>0.05)、9.29%(P<0.05)、6.75%(P>0.05),饲料系数降低了3.17%(P>0.05)、6.35%(P<0.05)、5.29%(P<0.05)。同时添加脂肪酶各组的血清甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白和总胆固醇含量都显著低于对照组(P<0.05),通过消化酶测定表明,脂肪酶添加各组均显著提高了胰蛋白酶和肠淀粉酶活性(P<0.05),100mg/kg脂肪酶组还显著提高了胰脂肪酶和胰淀粉酶(P<0.05),300mg/kg脂肪酶组胰脂肪酶活性最高(P<0.05)。上述研究表明,脂肪酶在瓦氏黄颡鱼饲料中的适当添加量为300mg/kg为宜。     

氮磷钾不同肥料用量对不同甘薯品种产量的影响

通过设置3个甘薯品种共9个处理的试验研究得出不同品种随着施肥量的增加,产量相应增加.在不同施肥量下,不同甘薯品种产量以徐薯18号667m2施35kg复合肥产量最高,为1275.6kg/667m2;其次为红薯1号,为1232.2kg/667m2;白薯4号产量最低,为963.3kg/667m2.在同一施肥量下,不同甘薯品种产量高低顺序为徐薯18号>红薯1号>白薯4号>.同一品种在不同施肥量下其产量增幅大小顺序为红薯1号>白薯4号>徐薯18号.试验分析比较可以看出选择徐薯18号667m2施35kg复合肥是最佳的甘薯品种及适宜的施肥量.     

淮山不同氮钾用量及镁硼配施效应研究

[目的]以淮山为研究对象,旨在明确淮山生产中的氮钾肥适宜用量及镁硼肥配施效应,以期为高产优质淮山生产和合理施肥提供科学依据。[方法]设置3个氮肥用量水平(270 kg N/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;、360 kg N/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;和450 kg N/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;)和3个钾肥用量水平(270 kg K2O/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;、360 kg K2O/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;和450 kg K2O/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;),研究在等量有机肥(精制有机肥4500kg/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;)和磷肥(144 kg P2O5/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;)基础上配施不同用量钾氮肥并添加镁(22.5 kg Mg/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;)硼(0.21kg B/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;)肥对淮山叶绿素含量、生物量、品质、养分吸收量和产量的影响。[结果]研究结果表明,氮钾肥不同用量对淮山块根膨大期和收获期叶片SPAD值无显著影响。配施Mg和B明显提高淮山可溶性蛋白和氨基酸态氮含量。随施N量或施K量的增加,生产100kg淮山N、K的需求量均呈先增加后下降趋势。在360kg N/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;基础上配施450kg K2O/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;或在360 kg N/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;和360 kg K2O/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;基础上配施22.5 kg Mg/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;均明显提高淮山块根重量、总生物量和淮山产量。增施钾肥和配施Mg均有利于提高淮山N和K的收获指数。[结论]为获得70000-90000kg/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;的淮山产量,建议在施用4500kg/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;精制有机肥、360 kg N/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;、144 kg P2O5/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;基础上配施450 kg K2O/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;或配施360 kg K2O/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;和22.5 kg Mg/hm&;lt;sup&;gt;2&;lt;/sup&;gt;。     

慈利县石漠化综合治理现状及其成效分析

通过"3S"技术对慈利县喀斯特地区石漠化进行监测,调查了全县石漠化现状及其分布情况。重点介绍了石漠化综合治理措施及其取得的显著成效,对石漠化动态变化进行了数据分析,第一次监测石漠化土地面积为60 222.40 hm~2,第二次监测石漠化土地面积为55 354.30 hm~2,第三次监测石漠化土地面积为50 037.88 hm~2。实践证明,经过综合治理,石漠化土地面积逐年减少;实施石漠化综合治理能够有效地改善石漠化土地,改善喀斯特地区生态环境;石漠化综合治理是一项长期而艰巨的任务,需要持之以恒地坚持,对今后石漠化综合治理提出了对策和建议。     

Integrating remote sensing and GIS for prediction of rice protein contents

In this study, protein content (PC) of brown rice before harvest was established by remote sensing (RS) and analyzed to select the key management factors that cause variation of PC using a GIS database. The possibility of finding out the key management factors using GreenNDVI was tested by combining RS and a GIS database. The study site was located at Yagi basin (Japan) and PC for seven districts (85 fields) in 2006 and nine districts (73 fields) in 2007 was investigated by a rice grain taste analyzer. There was spatial variability between districts and temporal variability within the same fields. PC was predicted by the average of GreenNDVI at sampling points (Point GreenNDVI) and in the field (Field GreenNDVI). The accuracy of the Point GreenNDVI model (r ² > 0.424, RMSE < 0.256%) was better than for the Field GreenNDVI model (r ² > 0.250, RMSE < 0.298%). A general-purpose model (r ² = 0.392, RMSE = 0.255%) was established using 2 years data. In the GIS database, PC was separated into two parts to compare the difference in PC between the upper (mean + 0.5SD) and lower (mean − 0.5SD) parts. Differences in PC were significant depending on the effective cumulative temperature (ECT) from transplanting to harvest (Factor 4) in 2007 but not in 2006. Because of the difference in ECT depending on vegetation term (from transplanting to sampling), PC was separated into two groups based on the mean value of ECT as the upper (UMECT) and lower (LMECT) groups. In 2007, there were significant differences in PC at LMECT group between upper and lower parts depending on the ECT from transplanting to last top-dressing (Factor 2), the amount of nitrogen fertilizer at top-dressing (Factor 3) and Factor 4. When the farmers would have changed their field management, it would have been possible to decrease protein contents. Using the combination of RS and GIS in 2006, it was possible to select the key management factor by the difference in the Field GreenNDVI.     

Effect of wide-narrow row arrangement in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting and plant density on yield formation and grain quality of japonica rice

Mechanical pot-seedling transplanting is an innovatively developed transplanting method that has the potential to replace mechanical carpet-seedling transplanting. However, the initial pot-seedling transplanting machine lacked optimized density spacing and limited yield potential for japonica rice. Therefore, ascertaining the optimized density by wide-narrow rows and the appropriate transplanting method for yield formation and grain quality of japonica rice is of great importance for high-quality rice production. Field experiments were conducted using two japonica rice cultivars Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 5055 under three transplanting methods in 2016 and 2017: mechanical pot-seedling transplanting with wide-narrow row(K, average row spacing of 30 cm); equidistant row(D, 33 cm×12 cm); and mechanical carpet-seedling transplanting(T, 30 cm×12.4 cm). In addition, five different density treatments were set in K(K1–K5, from 18.62×10~4 to 28.49×10~4 hills ha~(–1)). The results showed that the highest yield was produced by a planting density of 26.88×104 hills ha~(–1) in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting with wide-narrow row with a greater number of total spikelets that resulted from significantly more panicles per area and slightly more grain number per panicle, as compared with equidistant row, and yield among density in wide-narrow row showed a parabolic trend. Compared with mechanical carpet-seedling transplanting, the treatment of the highest yield increased yield significantly, which was mainly attributed to the larger sink size with improved filled-grain percentage and grain weight, higher harvest index, and increased total dry matter accumulation, especially the larger amount accumulated from heading stage to maturity stage. With the density in wide-narrow row decreasing, processing quality, appearance quality, and nutrition quality were all improved, whereas amylose content and the taste value were decreased. Compared with mechanical carpet-seedling transplanting, mechanical pot-seedling transplanting improved processing quality and nutrition quality, but decreased amylose content and deteriorated appearance quality. These results suggested that mechanical pot-seedling transplanting with wide-narrow row coupling produced a suitable planting density of 26.88×10~4 hills ha~(–1) and may be an alternative approach to improving grain yield and quality for japonica rice.     

晋南盆地灌水、秸秆还田对小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响

为高效利用自然降水和灌溉水,于2011-2012年在晋南小麦-玉米两熟制地区进行大田试验,研究了不同灌水（每次灌水450 m3/hm2）、秸秆还田处理对冬小麦需水、耗水特性、水分利用效率及产量效应的影响。结果表明：不同灌水处理下土壤贮水量呈现W0W1>W2>W3;总耗水量依次为W0W3>W1>W0;产量表现为W3>W2>W1>W0;不同时期灌水WUE表现为拔节水>越冬水>灌浆水;相同灌水处理下产量呈现S>N、WUE表现为S>N。综合考虑产量、贮水量、耗水量和水分利用效率,浇冬水+拔节水秸秆还田处理是较好的节水丰产模式。     

机插密度对杂交稻干物质积累及产量形成的影响

为明确适宜的杂交稻机插株距及种植密度,选取中浙优8号及甬优12为材料,设置14、16、18和21cm4个机插株距,研究不同种植密度对杂交稻生长及产量的影响。结果表明:随着机插株距的增大,2个水稻品种植株个体虽然均生长健壮,单株茎蘖数增加,但群体总茎蘖数下降,且后期茎蘖消减较快,最终茎蘖成穗率出现一定的下降趋势;同时,机插株距的增大引起植株群体干物质积累量减小,其干物质主要转运至茎叶部位,穗部干物质积累比例未有明显提高。从最终产量表现来看,机插株距的增大导致田间有效穗数显著降低,产量也随之减少。综上可以看出2个水稻品种均需要一定的种植密度才能保证高产,最适株距应调节至14~18cm,种植密度保持在18.5~23.8穴/m2。     

不同春、蕙兰名品耐低温性分析

为研究国兰不同品种的耐低温性,筛选耐低温品种,通过人工低温处理,对5个春、蕙兰名品叶片的游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白质含量的动态变化及其半致死温度进行分析,研究了它们与国兰耐低温性之间的关系,并采用隶属函数法对5个国兰品种的耐低温性进行了综合评价。结果表明：随着低温胁迫程度的加深,国兰叶片游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白质含量先增加后降低,叶片半致死温度为‘宋梅’<‘新上海’<‘老极品’<‘集圆’<‘大一品’,5个国兰品种耐低温性能力综合评价为‘新上海’>‘大一品’>‘集圆’>‘老极品’>‘宋梅’。     

超级稻D奇宝优527的高产综合配套栽培技术

以超级稻D奇宝优527为材料,运用多元二次正交旋转回归模型研究播种量、栽插密度、氮肥施用量、移栽期和钾肥施用量对其产量的影响,探索适合其高产的优化栽培技术组合方案.结果表明:纯氮量(X4)、移栽期(X2)、K2O用量(X5)对产量的影响达极显著水平,播种量(X1)、种植密度(X3)对产量的影响达显著水平,5个因子对产量影响的大小顺序为:纯氮量(X4)>移栽期(X2)>K2O用量(X5)>播种量(X1)>种植密度(X3).影响产量的各因子间,播种量(X1)与种植密度(X3)间呈极显著的正互作关系,氮肥(X4)与钾肥(X5)间呈极显著的正互作效应,经模拟统计得出其优化的栽培技术组合为:作为中稻种植,播种量336.5-383.5 kg.hm-2,3月25日播种,5月3-4日移栽,每公顷插植15.15-18.30万丛,施纯氮185.25-195.30 kg.hm-2,施K2O 129.15-141.45 kg.hm-2.     

荸荠试管苗移栽(育苗)技术研究

采用荸荠组培生根苗瓶外炼苗(育苗)技术,探索了试管苗田间移栽时间、密度及育苗时段与移栽成活和分蘖的关系,结果表明:荸荠组培生根苗移栽时间为5～6月份、移栽密度为10 cm×10 cm或5 cm×6 cm,育苗时段40～50 d为最适时期,其分蘖分株数7～10株,苗高35～50 cm,生长健壮,可随时接茬定植大田。     

施氮量与移栽密度互作对垦粳7号稻米品质的影响

为探讨施氮量及移栽密度对稻米品质的影响,在大田条件下,以垦粳7号为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,以施氮量（0、90、120、150、180 kg·hm^-2,N）为主区和移栽密度（20.2万、25.1万、33.3万穴·hm^-2,M）为裂区,分析了氮密互作对稻米加工品质、外观品质、营养品质和食味品质的影响。结果表明：移栽密度对垦粳7号加工品质的影响达极显著水平,随移栽密度增加,加工品质逐渐增加,移栽密度为33.3万穴·hm^-2时,有利于提高垦粳7号的加工品质。施氮量与移栽密度的互作效应对垦粳7号外观品质的影响达显著水平,施氮量为180 kg·hm^-2、移栽密度为20.2 万穴·hm^-2时,有利于提高垦粳7号的外观品质。施氮量对垦粳7号营养品质和食味品质的影响达极显著水平,随施氮量增加,营养品质逐渐增加,食味品质逐渐降低;施氮量为180 kg·hm^-2、移栽密度为20.2万穴·hm^-2时,有利于提高垦粳7号的营养品质,而食味品质降低。综上,N4M1处理（180 kg·hm^-2和20.2 万穴·hm^-2）下,垦粳7号的外观品质和营养品质较优。     

Effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio and wildrye length on nutrient intake,digestibility, plasma metabolites,ruminal fermentation and fecal microflora of male Chinese Holstein calves

Twenty-eight male, weaned Chinese Holstein calves((156.8±33.4) kg) were used to investigate the effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio(F:C) and forage length on nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites, ruminal fermentation, and fecal microflora. Animals were randomly allocated to four treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement: whole-length forage(WL) with low F:C(50:50); WL with high F:C(65:35); short-length forage(SL) with high F:C(65:35); and SL with low F:C(50:50). Chinese wildrye was used as the only forage source in this trial. The grass in the SL treatments was chopped using a chaff cutter to achieve small particle size(~50% particles 19 mm). Dry matter intake(DMI) and organic matter(OM) intake was increased by increasing both F:C(P0.01) and forage length(FL)(P0.05), while acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) intakes were only increased by increasing the F:C(P0.01). The digestibility of NDF was increased as the FL increased(P0.01), and it was also affected by interaction between F:C and FL(P0.05). Cholesterol(CHO)(P0.01), leptin(LP)(P0.05), and growth hormone(GH)(P0.01) concentrations in plasma were increased as dietary F:C increased. A significant increase in plasma triglyceride(TG)(P0.01), insulin(INS)(P0.05), and GH(P0.01) levels was observed with decreasing dietary FL. Ruminal p H values of calves fed with low F:C diets were significantly lower than those in high F:C treatment(P0.05). Increasing the F:C enhanced ruminal acetic acid(P0.05) and acetic acid/propionic acid(P0.01). Fecal Lactobacillus content was significantly higher, while Escherichia coli and Salmonella contents were significantly lower in WL and high F:C groups(P0.05). Lower fecal scores(higher diarrhea rate) were observed in calves fed with SL hay compared to WL hay(P0.05). Denatured gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) bands and richness index(S) were significantly affected by the interaction between F:C and FL(P0.05), under high F:C, band numbers and richness index from WL group were higher than that from SL group(P0.05), whereas there were no differences between WL andSL groups under low F:C(P0.05). Microflora similarity was 50–73% among the different treatments. It is concluded that the WL with high F:C(65:35) diet is suitable for weaned calves.